{"id":48521,"date":"2017-03-03T12:47:29","date_gmt":"2017-03-03T05:47:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=48521"},"modified":"2018-02-07T15:49:06","modified_gmt":"2018-02-07T08:49:06","slug":"kisah-kisah-penyelamat-orangutan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/48521\/kisah-kisah-penyelamat-orangutan","title":{"rendered":"Kisah-kisah penyelamatan orangutan"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><em>Dalam perayaan Hari Satwa Liar Dunia PBB dengan tema &#8216;Dengarkan Suara Generasi Muda&#8217;, Forum Bentang Alam Global  mengadakan LIVE Twitter Q &amp; A , 3 Maret 2017.  Mari bergabung dengan hashtag #ThinkLandscape dan ikuti perbincangan di akun @CIFOR_Hutan dan @GlobalLF.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Di lahan basah Kalimantan, para peneliti mengungkap persekutuan tak terduga dalam upaya penyelamatan orangutan: cerita rakyat.<\/p>\n<p>Sebuah <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/library\/6274\/the-roles-of-traditional-knowledge-systems-in-orang-utan-pongo-spp-and-forest-conservation-a-case-study-of-danau-sentarum-west-kalimantan-indonesia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">studi kasus<\/a> di lahan basah Danau Sentarum, Kalimantan Barat menemukan bahwa cerita yang beredar di masyarakat berperan penting dalam konservasi orangutan, dan hutan tempat mereka hidup.<\/p>\n<p>Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah orangutan tertinggi ditemukan di wilayah yang tidak hanya di wilayah yang memiliki kondisi habitat baik, tetapi juga tempat di mana kelembagaan informal memegang peranan besar.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAda kaitan erat antara sistem pengetahuan tradisional dan kondisi ekosistem,\u201d kata ketua peneliti, Linda Yuliani. \u201cDan hal ini berimplikasi pada konservasi satwa liar.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Di beberapa wilayah, institusi informal, seperti aturan adat, bisa lebih berdampak daripada legislasi formal. Menurut Yuliani,  sangat sedikit responden penelitian  mengetahui aturan dan sanksi terkait konservasi orangutan, namun sebagian besar responden malah mengetahui dan menghormati kepercayaan tradisional dan pantangan.<\/p>\n<p>Sejalan dengan <a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/48451\/presiden-indonesia-menyerahkan-tata-kelola-hutan-pada-masyarakat-adat?fnl=id\">langkah pemerintah Indonesia melimpahkan hak atas hutan adat kepada masyarakat adat<\/a>, temuan seperti ini akan menjadi bagian esensial dalam mendesain kebijakan yang efektif, dengan memasukkan pengetahuan tradisi.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-content-justification-center is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-23441af8 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img width=\"500\" height=\"333\" src=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/5594361410_c738b666b4.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-48629\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/5594361410_c738b666b4.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/5594361410_c738b666b4-263x176.jpg 263w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Six years lived in captivity Orang Utan being chained at a vilager backyard in Selimbau village, Sentarum lake - West Kalimantan, Indonesia.  \n\n\u00a9Center For International Forestry Research\/Ramadian Bachtiar <a href=\"\"><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img width=\"500\" height=\"332\" src=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/5593813029_457a21fb7f.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-48630\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/5593813029_457a21fb7f.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/5593813029_457a21fb7f-263x176.jpg 263w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Students of SDN 04 Jongkong in Pengerak village (distance class) coloring a sketch about Orang Utan based on their folks tale. CIFOR, Riak Bumi amd the national park authority hold a new approach on awareness program through arts.  \n\n\u00a9Center For International Forestry Research\/Ramadian Bachtiar <a href=\"\"><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p><strong>SALING MENYALAHKAN<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dalam cerita umum, masyarakat seringkali disalahkan karena memburu, mencuri dan membunuh orangutan, bersama dengan terhalangnya akses mereka pada sumber daya di wilayah hutan lindung.<\/p>\n<p>Selama dekade terakhir, status orangutan Borneo berubah dari \u2018terancam\u2019 menjadi \u2018terancam punah\u2019 dalam <a href=\"http:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\/details\/17975\/0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Daftar Merah Spesies Terancam IUCN<\/a>. Di Taman Nasional Danau Sentarum dan sekitarnya, penelitian <a href=\"https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/CIFOR\/the-fate-of-orangutan-conservation-in-indonesia-and-strategies-for-improvement?qid=c48a1175-98f5-4d12-8ab6-6b0bc2b4d742&amp;v=&amp;b=&amp;from_search=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">tahun 2010 <\/a>menemukan jumlah sarang orangutan turun 55%, dari 264 sarang pada 2001 menjadi hanya 147 pada 2010 dalam kurang dari satu dekade.<\/p>\n<p>Di Taman Nasional Danau Sentarum dan sekitarnya, penelitian 2010 menemukan jumlah sarang orangutan Borneo (Pongo spp.) itu turun 55%, dalam kurang dari atu dekade, dari 264 sarang pada 2001 menjadi hanya 147 sarang pada 2010. Kini, orangutan termasuk kategori \u2018terancam punah\u2019 dalam <a href=\"http:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\/details\/17975\/0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Daftar Merah Spesies Terancam IUCN<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Di Indonesia, orangutan dilindungi oleh undang-undang, namun dalam banyak kasus, habitatnya tidak. Peraturan perencanaan pemanfaatan lahan yang lebih mendukung proyek pembangunan skala besar memicu deforestasi dan konversi lahan untuk pertambangan, perkebunan kayu dan sawit.<\/p>\n<p>Kebakaran, pembalakan ilegal, dan dampak perubahan iklim turut merusak habitat orangutan yang ada. Sementara pencurian, perburuan dan perdagangan ilegal diuntungkan oleh lemahnya penegakkan hukum.<\/p>\n<div class='short-image short-image--left'>\n\t\t\t\t<a class='fancybox-image GTMshortImage' href='' target='_self'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__thumb'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img src='' width='260'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__type'><h3><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__title'><h4><\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>Penelitian Yuliani dan timnya menunjukkan bahwa orangutan lebih terlindung di wilayah yang mempraktikkan kepercayaan dan pantangan tradisional. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat lokal adalah sekutu dalam upaya konservasi. Temuan ini mendorong kolaborasi, pemahaman dan saling menghormati di antara institusi formal dan informal.<\/p>\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio:16\/9;min-height:unset;\" class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull has-parallax has-custom-content-position is-position-bottom-center has-aspect-ratio\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-48619 size-full has-parallax\" style=\"background-position:50% 50%;\n\t\t\t\tbackground-image:url(https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/6346383911_e66e9aa219-1.jpg)\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-base-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-c7274f9a76ff948295c72066c2502b23\">6346383911_e66e9aa219 (1)<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p><strong>KISAH LAMA DAN BARU<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Institusi informal seputar orangutan di Kalimantan Barat mencakup kepercayaan, pantangan dan kisah-kisah, dari tradisi kuno hingga cuplikan peristiwa terkini.<\/p>\n<div class='short-quote'>\n\t\t\t<blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<footer>\n\t\t\t\t\t<cite title='Source Title'><\/cite>\n\t\t\t\t<\/footer>\n\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<p>Dalam kelompok sub-etnik Dayak, tradisi kuno membentuk kepercayaan bahwa manusia belajar dari orangutan bagaimana membantu persalinan, dan bagaimana memanfaatkan tanaman obat untuk memulihkan ibu setelah melahirkan.<\/p>\n<p>Cerita lain menyatakan orangutan adalah reinkarnasi tokoh masyarakat, dan oleh karena itu tidak boleh mengganggu mereka ketika mengambil buah dari kebun.<\/p>\n<p>Terdapat kisah-kisah, baik lama maupun baru mengenai orangutan sebagai pelindung manusia. Di Dayak Iban ada cerita turun temurun mengenai bantuan orangutan dalam konflik etnis pada 1900-an. Cerita lebih baru yang dimulai pada 1980-an, mengisahkan orangutan yang melindungi seorang anak dari serangan buaya, dan cerita lain orang utan menolong perempuan dari terkaman macan tutul.<\/p>\n\n<p>Cerita seperti itu membentuk rasa hormat, hingga mendorong perlakuan yang baik dan perlindungan pada orangutan.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cCerita seperti ini mengandung hal yang boleh dan tidak boleh dilakukan, dan sudah didengar sejak kanak-kanak, jadi pesannya sangat dipatuhi,\u201d kata Yuliani.<\/p>\n<p>Kisah lain memberi peringatan moral mengenai apa yang terjadi jika orangutan tidak dilindung<\/p>\n<p>Sebuah kisah diceritakan pada tim peneliti oleh seorang pria Melayu, saat menebang pohon di wilayah lindung.  Ia menyaksikan, temannya menembak orang utan di atas pohon.<\/p>\n<p>Ketika jatuh, mereka melihat orangutan itu adalah seekor induk yang tengah memeluk anaknya. Sebelum mati, kata pria tersebut, induk orangutan itu mengambil daun besar dan mengeluarkan susu agar bayinya tetap bisa minum.<\/p>\n<div class='short-image short-image--left'>\n\t\t\t\t<a class='fancybox-image GTMshortImage' href='' target='_self'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__thumb'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img src='' width='260'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__type'><h3><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__title'><h4><\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>\u201cIa sangat sedih menyaksikan sang induk begitu menyayangi bayinya. Ia menangis ketika menceritakannya,\u201d kata Yuliani.<\/p>\n<p>Kisah itu berulang diceritakan dengan kisah moral yang sureal \u2013 rekannya yang menembak orangutan memiliki istri yang tengah hamil di rumah, dan ketika melahirkan, bayinya tertutupi bulu, seperti orangutan.<\/p>\n<p><strong>DORONGAN BERAKSI<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tradisi dan kisah seperti itu sangat kuat, karena mendorong atau menghambat perilaku tertentu. Kedua hal tersbut cenderung menguatkan motif intrinsik untuk bertindak, yang bisa saja bertentangan dengan dorongan ekstrinsik aturan yang mungkin tidak sejalan dengan nilai lokal.<\/p>\n<p>Jadi bagaimana  institusi informal seperti itu dimasukkan dalam upaya koservai foral dan legislasi?<\/p>\n<p>Pengalaman menunjukkan bahwa kurangnya kolaborasi dengan masyarakat dan institusinya menjadi alasan umum kegagalan program konservasi. Penelitian menyatakan, masyarakat lokal seharusnya ditempatkan sebagai mitra konservasi, dengan pengakuan lebih tinggi atas pengetahuan, kepentingan dan hak tata kelola sumber daya alam<\/p>\n<div class='short-quote'>\n\t\t\t<blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<footer>\n\t\t\t\t\t<cite title='Source Title'><\/cite>\n\t\t\t\t<\/footer>\n\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<p>\u201cDalam kolaborasi kelembagaan, mereka harus saling menghormati, dan memperkuat satu sama lain,\u201d katanya. \u201cNamun proses ini perlu waktu, energi dan keseimbangan kepentingan.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Lebih jauh, Yuliani menyatakan bahwa upaya konservasi seharusnya tidak hanya fokus pada satu spesies, tetapi juga pada kaitan antara modal biologi dan budaya &#8212;  seperti pada orangutan dan kisah-kisah yang menjunjung perlindungan mereka.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cDegradasi ekosistem menyebabkan degradasi tradisi, terutama ketika tradisi terkait dengan alam,\u201d katana.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cDengan memperkuat tradisi, ekosistem juga mendapat manfaat.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dalam perayaan Hari Satwa Liar Dunia PBB dengan tema &#8216;Dengarkan Suara Generasi Muda&#8217;, Forum Bentang Alam Global mengadakan LIVE Twitter Q &amp; A , 3 Maret 2017. Mari bergabung dengan hashtag #ThinkLandscape dan ikuti perbincangan di akun @CIFOR_Hutan dan @GlobalLF. Di lahan basah Kalimantan, para peneliti mengungkap persekutuan tak terduga dalam upaya penyelamatan orangutan: cerita [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":221,"featured_media":48531,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,182,161,6090,173,13,95,1072],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12222],"tag-bahasa":[6932,2522,6928,6930,2803,2489,2520,3663,2590,2574,6934,6927,6929,6931,6933,2554],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[6538],"class_list":["post-48521","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-community-forestry","category-deforestation","category-forests-news","category-gender-justice-tenure","category-governance","category-human-wellbeing","category-landscapes","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-indonesia","tag-bahasa-budaya-tradisional","tag-bahasa-deforestasi","tag-bahasa-habitat","tag-bahasa-hutan-lindung","tag-bahasa-kalimantan-barat","tag-bahasa-keanekaragaman-hayati","tag-bahasa-konservasi","tag-bahasa-konversi-lahan","tag-bahasa-masyarakat-lokal","tag-bahasa-pembalakan-liar","tag-bahasa-perkebunan-komersial","tag-bahasa-populasi-orangutan","tag-bahasa-satwa-liar","tag-bahasa-spesies","tag-bahasa-taman-nasional-danau-sentarum","tag-bahasa-tata-kelola-hutan","type-bahasa-berita"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Kisah-kisah penyelamatan orangutan - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/48521\/kisah-kisah-penyelamat-orangutan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kisah-kisah penyelamatan orangutan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dalam perayaan Hari Satwa Liar Dunia PBB dengan tema &#8216;Dengarkan Suara Generasi Muda&#8217;, Forum Bentang Alam Global mengadakan LIVE Twitter Q &amp; A , 3 Maret 2017. Mari bergabung dengan hashtag #ThinkLandscape dan ikuti perbincangan di akun @CIFOR_Hutan dan @GlobalLF. 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