{"id":48426,"date":"2017-02-23T16:00:01","date_gmt":"2017-02-23T09:00:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=48426"},"modified":"2018-02-07T15:46:34","modified_gmt":"2018-02-07T08:46:34","slug":"penelitian-karbon-biru-untuk-pembangunan-berkelanjutan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/48426\/penelitian-karbon-biru-untuk-pembangunan-berkelanjutan","title":{"rendered":"Penelitian karbon biru untuk pembangunan berkelanjutan"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hutan mangrove diakui memilliki  fungsi penting, antara lain menyangga pesisir dari badai tropis dan rob, memberi nutrisi pada gugus karang, dan menjadi habitat kaya untuk ikan dan kehidupan liar lain.<\/p>\n<p>Dengan tiga juta hektare hutan mangrove yang melingkari 95.000 kilometer garis pantai, Indonesia adalah medan perang utama dalam  peningkatan kesadaran potensi \u2018karbon biru\u2019.<\/p>\n<p>Hampir seperempat mangrove dunia berada di negara kepulauan ini. Namun, seperti terjadi di sebagian besar belahan dunia lain, Indonesia kehilangan hutan pesisirnya dengan kecepatan yang mengkhawatirkan. Sebanyak 40 persen mangrove menghilang dalam tiga dekade terakhir.<\/p>\n<p>\u2018Karbon biru pesisir\u2019 merupakan istilah untuk karbon yang tersimpan dalam ekosistem lahan basah pasang surut, mencakup hutan pasang-surut, mangrove, rawa pasang-surut dan padang lamun. Kolam karbon biomassa hidup dan biomassa mati tersimpan dalam tanahnya. \u2018Karbon biru pesisir\u2019 merupakan bagian dari \u2018karbon biru\u2019, termasuk pula karbon laut, yaitu karbon yang tersimpan dalam kolam karbon laut terbuka.<\/p>\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio:16\/9;min-height:unset;\" class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull has-parallax has-custom-content-position is-position-bottom-center has-aspect-ratio\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-48434 size-full has-parallax\" style=\"background-position:50% 50%;\n\t\t\t\tbackground-image:url(https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/8452219897_1bfab6d9d8.jpg)\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-base-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-c7274f9a76ff948295c72066c2502b23\">Lahan basah sangat rentan terhadap ancaman degradasi lingkungan.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>\u201cIndonesia kehilangan 52.000 hektare mangrove per tahun, atau setara dengan tiga lapangan sepak bola per minggu,\u201d kata Daniel Murdiyarso, Ilmuwan Utama <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional <\/a>(CIFOR).<\/p>\n<p>Murdiyarso menjadi salah seorang pembicara di acara berjudul \u201c<em>Ekosistem Mangrove di Indonesia: Sumber daya strategis bagi ekonomi lokal lestari berkelanjutan dan adaptasi perubahan iklim<\/em>\u201d, yang digelar menyambut <a href=\"http:\/\/www.worldwetlandsday.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Hari Lahan Basah Dunia<\/a>. Acara ini digelar di Jakarta oleh <a href=\"http:\/\/www.iicjakarta.esteri.it\/iic_jakarta\/en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Italian Cultural Institut,<\/a> dan didukung oleh Kedutaan Besar Italia.<\/p>\n<div class='short-quote'>\n\t\t\t<blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<footer>\n\t\t\t\t\t<cite title='Source Title'><\/cite>\n\t\t\t\t<\/footer>\n\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<p><strong>Gudang karbon<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ekosistem karbon biru pesisir merupakan gudang penyimpanan karbon terbesar di bumi. Mereka mampu menangkap dan menyimpan kelebihan karbon atmosfer dengan kecepatan serapan 20 kali lebih besar daripada ekosistem daratan manapun, termasuk hutan boreal dan tropis.<\/p>\n<p>Tetapi, ketika digunduli atau terdegradasi, ekosistem karbon biru berubah menjadi sumber emisi yang mengkhawatirkan. Saat ini, emisi gas rumah kaca global dari pembangunan pesisir yang tak berkelanjutan mencapai satu miliar ton C02-eq per tahun.<\/p>\n<p>Seperlima dari jumlah itu (200 juta ton CO2-eq) dihasilkan oleh Indonesia saja. Angka itu, menurut Murdiyarso setara dengan 40 juta mobil di jalanan.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-content-justification-center is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-23441af8 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img width=\"500\" height=\"332\" src=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/8453354040_731e261438.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-48436\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/8453354040_731e261438.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/8453354040_731e261438-263x176.jpg 263w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Melalui jasa lingkungan yang diberikan, lahan basah juga sama pentingnya bagi adaptasi perubahan iklim. <a href=\"\">Kate Evans\/CIFOR<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img width=\"500\" height=\"332\" src=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/8452213809_141fd68542.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-48437\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/8452213809_141fd68542.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/8452213809_141fd68542-263x176.jpg 263w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Ilmuwan CIFOR mengumpulkan daun bakau untuk menilai stok karbon mangrove. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/cifor\/8452213809\/in\/album-72157632933826873\/\">Kate Evans\/CIFOR<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>\u201cKecepatan konversi di Indonesia, pada angka 2 persen itu sangat tinggi,\u201d katanya. \u201cDan temuan terbaru menunjukkan bahwa hilangnya mangrove tidak hanya disebabkan oleh pembangunan tambak ikan, udang dan akuakultur lain, tetapi juga akibat pembangunan perkebunan sawit.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Temuan ini mengejutkan. Mengingat bahwa salinitas lingkungan ekosistem mangrove tidak kondusif untuk mengembangkan sawit. Tetapi, hal ini tidak menghentikan laju tren tersebut.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSekarang ini terjadi di Sumatera Utara dan pesisir timur Riau dekat Pekanbaru,\u201d kata pembicara lain, Nyoman N. Suryadiputra, kepala perwakilan Indonesia LSM Wetland Internasional.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSaya khawatir, mereka akan melakukan hal yang sama di Papua dan Papua Barat. Provinsi tersebut memiliki hutan mangrove terbesar di Indonesia, degan lapisan gambut dangkal. Situasi ini sangat berbahaya, karena banyak perusahaan sawit besar menginvasi wilayah tersebut. Jika mereka mengeringkan hutan, gambut akan menghilang, permukaan laut naik, dan menimbulkan rob yang akan menggenangi masyarakat setempat.\u201d<\/p>\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio:16\/9;min-height:unset;\" class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull has-parallax has-custom-content-position is-position-bottom-center has-aspect-ratio\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-48439 size-full has-parallax\" style=\"background-position:50% 50%;\n\t\t\t\tbackground-image:url(https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/8452204987_4e954c3c6a-1.jpg)\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-base-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-c7274f9a76ff948295c72066c2502b23\">Ekosistem pesisir karbon biru merupakan gudang karbon terbesar. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p><strong>Nilai karbon biru<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tingginya stok karbon tersimpan, berbanding lurus dengan potensi nilai ekonomi mangrove, ketika ditempatkan di bawah skema adaptasi dan mitigasi seperti mekanisme Reduksi Emisi dari Deforestasi dan Degradasi Hutan (REDD+).<\/p>\n<p>\u201cJika satu ton karbon dihargai 5 dolar AS, dan jika Indonesia mampu menghentikan emisi dari degradasi ekosistem karbon biru pesisir, angkanya mencapai 6 miliar dolar AS sebagai pemasukan dari pasar karbon,\u201d kata Murdiyarso.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cCoba saja bandingkan dengan pemasukan dari ekspor industri udang Indonesia (1,2 miliar dolar AS). Konversi hutan mangrove menjadi tambak udang jadi hanya sebagian saja dibanding apa yang didapat dari pasar karbon. Para pengambil kebijakan perlu mempertimbangkan hal ini dan menyadari nilai ekosistem pesisir,\u201d katanya memaparkan.<\/p>\n<p>Manfaat yang dipetik dari restorasi dan perlindungan mangrove, antara lain keragaman hayati, ekowisata, produk hutan non-kayu dan perlindungan aliran sungai merupakan insentif finansial tambahan untuk dipertimbangkan para pengambil kebijakan.<\/p>\n\n<p>Menurut Murdiyarso, adaptasi dampak perubahan iklim perlu diarusutamakan dalam proses perencanaan dan implementasi pembangunan politik dan ekonomi.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cDi Indonesia, panduan nasional melakukan konservasi dan restorasi mangrove  masih kurang. Satu-satunya regulasi (Peraturan Presiden No.73\/2012) strategi manajemen ekosistem mangrove nasional masih belum cukup,karena sebatas koordinasi saja. Dalam regulasi tersebut, dirinci siapa seharusnya melakukan apa, namun tidak dijelaskan sedikit pun mengenai bagaimana,\u201d katanya.<\/p>\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio:16\/9;min-height:unset;\" class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull has-parallax has-custom-content-position is-position-bottom-center has-aspect-ratio\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-48441 size-full has-parallax\" style=\"background-position:50% 50%;\n\t\t\t\tbackground-image:url(https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/8453344266_0691662d6b.jpg)\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-base-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-c7274f9a76ff948295c72066c2502b23\">Mangrove mampu menangkap dan menyimpan kelebihan karbon atmosfer dengan kecepatan serapan 20 kali lebih besar daripada ekosistem daratan.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p><strong>Memperbanyak penelitian dan inisiatif <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Diperlukan makin banyak penelitian mengenai karbon biru untuk memenuhi target dalam agenda pembangunan global. Merujuk pada laporan Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan (SDG), lautan dan lahan basah sangat rentan terhadap ancaman degradasi lingkungan, penangkapan ikan berlebihan, perubahan iklim dan polusi.<\/p>\n<p>Padda SDG 14, \u201cKehidupan di bawah air\u201d, ditujukan untuk konservasi dan pemanfaatan sumber daya laut untuk pembangunan berkelanjutan. Salah satu targetnya, pada 2020 eksosistem laut dan pesisir dikelola secara berkelanjutan, dilindungi dan direstorasi.<\/p>\n<p>Perjanjian Paris terbaru yang mendorong semua pihak melakukan upaya terbaik melalui Komitmen Kontribusi Nasional (NDC), merupakan peluang langka dan penting untuk memasukkan karbon biru dalam strategi iklim nasional.<\/p>\n<div class='short-image short-image--left'>\n\t\t\t\t<a class='fancybox-image GTMshortImage' href='' target='_self'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__thumb'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img src='' width='260'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__type'><h3><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__title'><h4><\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>Saat ini, 50 negara sudah mengakui nilai karbon biru dalam NDC mereka.  Namun, kejutan besarnya adalah Indonesia, sebagai negara kepulauan terbesar dunia yang tidak memasukkan konservasi mangrove  dalam Rencana Aksi Nasional untuk Adaptasi Perubahan Iklim (RAN-API).<\/p>\n<p>\u201cKita perlu fokus pada penelitian karbon biru untuk memberi landasan informasi ilmiah bagi para pengambil kebijakan membuat keputusan yang lebih baik dalam memanfaatkan sumber daya pesisir dan lautan secara lestari,\u201d kata Murdiyarso, salah seorang anggota pendiri Kemitraan Internasional Karbon Biru (IPBC) mewakili CIFOR.<\/p>\n<p>Kemitraan ini diresmikan pada Forum Bentang Alam Global 2015 bersamaan dengan COP21 di Paris.  Tujuannya adalah untuk menjalin keterkaitan upaya pemerintah, lembaga penelitian dan lembaga swadaya masyarakat dalam mengintegrasikan karbon biru ke dalam kebijakan dan agenda iklim.<\/p>\n\n<p>Kemitraan ini dibentuk oleh pemerintah Australia, Indonesia dan Kosta Rika, bersama berbagai mitra, antara lain Inisiatif Karbon Biru, GRID-Arendal, Sekretariat Program Lingkungan Regional Pasifik (SPREP), Forum Sekretariat Pulau-Pulau Pasifik dan Kantor Komisiariat Bentang Laut Pasifik, Institut Perubahan Global, dan CIFOR.<\/p>\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio:16\/9;min-height:unset;\" class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull has-parallax has-custom-content-position is-position-bottom-center has-aspect-ratio\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-48443 size-full has-parallax\" style=\"background-position:50% 50%;\n\t\t\t\tbackground-image:url(https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/8452198599_b50c762496.jpg)\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-base-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-c7274f9a76ff948295c72066c2502b23\">Hilangnya mangrove tidak hanya disebabkan oleh pembangunan tambak ikan, udang dan akuakultur lain, tetapi juga akibat pembangunan perkebunan sawit.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hutan mangrove diakui memilliki fungsi penting, antara lain menyangga pesisir dari badai tropis dan rob, memberi nutrisi pada gugus karang, dan menjadi habitat kaya untuk ikan dan kehidupan liar lain. Dengan tiga juta hektare hutan mangrove yang melingkari 95.000 kilometer garis pantai, Indonesia adalah medan perang utama dalam peningkatan kesadaran potensi \u2018karbon biru\u2019. Hampir seperempat [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":219,"featured_media":48433,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,161,6090,95,1072,96,180,190],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12222],"tag-bahasa":[2476,2522,2489,2520,2680,2596,2604,2822],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[6426],"class_list":["post-48426","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-deforestation","category-forests-news","category-human-wellbeing","category-landscapes","category-mangroves","category-mitigating-climate-change","category-peatlands","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-indonesia","tag-bahasa-adaptasi","tag-bahasa-deforestasi","tag-bahasa-keanekaragaman-hayati","tag-bahasa-konservasi","tag-bahasa-lahan-basah","tag-bahasa-mangrove","tag-bahasa-mitigasi","tag-bahasa-tujuan-pembangunan-berkelanjutan","type-bahasa-berita"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Penelitian karbon biru untuk pembangunan berkelanjutan - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/48426\/penelitian-karbon-biru-untuk-pembangunan-berkelanjutan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Penelitian karbon biru untuk pembangunan berkelanjutan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hutan mangrove diakui memilliki fungsi penting, antara lain menyangga pesisir dari badai tropis dan rob, memberi nutrisi pada gugus karang, dan menjadi habitat kaya untuk ikan dan kehidupan liar lain. Dengan tiga juta hektare hutan mangrove yang melingkari 95.000 kilometer garis pantai, Indonesia adalah medan perang utama dalam peningkatan kesadaran potensi \u2018karbon biru\u2019. 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