{"id":48313,"date":"2017-02-20T13:15:24","date_gmt":"2017-02-20T06:15:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=48313"},"modified":"2018-02-07T15:05:19","modified_gmt":"2018-02-07T08:05:19","slug":"alam-lebih-tahu-yang-terbaik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/48313\/alam-lebih-tahu-yang-terbaik","title":{"rendered":"Alam lebih tahu yang terbaik"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Saat berbagai negara bersiap untuk <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bonnchallenge.org\/content\/challenge\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">\u201cTantangan Bonn\u201d<\/a>, merestorasi 150 juta hektare lahan terdeforestasi dan terdegradasi pada 2020, menurut para ilmuwan, ada sebuah solusi yang luput dari perhatian.<\/p>\n<p>Sebagian besar perencanaan difokuskan untuk mengubah lahan terdegradasi menjadi hutan tanaman. Padahal, menurut Manuel Guariguata, Ketua Tim Manajemen dan Restorasi Hutan <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional (CIFOR)<\/a>, membiarkan hutan pulih secara alami bisa merestorasi fungsi ekosistem secara lebih murah dan efektif.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cRegenerasi alami memiliki manfaat nyata dalam menjaga keragaman hayati dan menyediakan jasa ekosistem,\u201d kata Guariguata. \u201cEkosistem alami sudah ada sebelum lahan dikonversi menjadi pertanian atau pemanfaaan lain. Dalam kondisi tertentu, membiarkan alam mengambil alih kembali lahan terlantar merupakan pilihan terbaik.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Guariguata dan para peneliti membedah pengetahuan dan kebijakan di balik regenerasi alami hutan dan restorasi bentang alam dalam <a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/btp.2016.48.issue-6\/issuetoc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">edisi khusus <\/a>jurnal <em>Biotropica.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Meski merupakan cara yang murah dalam mencegah erosi, melindungi daerah aliran sungai dan sebagai penangkap karbon, regenerasi alami <a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/btp.12409\/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">\u201cseringkali diabaikan ketika program dan kebijakan restorasi disusun,\u201d <\/a>demikian dikatakan Maria Uriarte  dari Universitas Columbia dan Robin Chazdon dari Universitas Connecticut. Uriarte dan Chazdon adalah termasuk tim penulis edisi spesial ini.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>PENYEBAB RESISTANSI <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Jadi, mengapa upaya yang hanya memerlukan sedikit usaha manusia itu diabaikan?<\/p>\n<p>Di satu sisi, memang dibutuhkan waktu tiga atau empat dekade meregenerasi hutan hingga dewasa, dan menurut Guariguata, selama itu hutan tampak tak terurus. Petani tidak ingin ada area seperti \u201clahan terlantar\u201d di lahannya dan akan berupaya membersihkannya.<\/p>\n<p>Meskipun, dalam kondisi tertentu, regenerasi alami diperlukan petani, terutama sebagai bagian dari mosaik bentang alam, gabungan agroforestri, tanaman dan hutan alam. Jadi, kuncinya adalah menentukan kondisi biofisik, sosial dan ekonomi yang membuat regenerasi alami menjadi pilihan paling efektif biaya.<\/p>\n<p>Cara ini berarti pula menimbang timbal-balik, termasuk \u201cbiaya peluang\u201d \u2013 kehilangan penghasilan pemilik lahan akibat memberikan lahan untuk pemanfaatan tertentu, misalnya untuk hutan, jika dibanding untuk pertanian.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cKita perlu memilih lahan dengan biaya peluang terendah, karena kita akan meninggalkannya selama beberapa dekade,&#8221; kata Guariguata.<\/p>\n<p>Tebing curam dan lahan terpencil yang tidak menarik pertanian merupakan kandidat yang baik. Begitu pula sisa-sisa hutan dewasa. Sisa-sisa hutan menjadi sumber bibit yang ditebar burung dan binatang di area terdegradasi terdekat.<\/p>\n<p>Jika sisa hutan relatif dekat satu sama lain, regenerasi akan terjadi secara alami sejalan waktu. Jika berjauhan, penanaman pohon diperlukan untuk mempercepat proses awal. Pola \u201cregenerasi aktif\u201d juga mungkin diperlukan di lahan terdegradasi akibat pemanfaatan intensif, misalnya lahan yang bertahun-tahun digunakan penggembalaan.<\/p>\n<p>Kebijakan yang memasukkan program pelatihan regenerasi alami bagi petani dan penyuluh, menurut Uriarte dan Chazdon, dapat membantu keberhasilan.<\/p>\n\n<p>Namun, regenerasi alami bukan solusi satu-untuk-semua. Dalam kondisi tertent, biaya peluang  membiarkan lahan selama beberapa dekade bisa jadi sangat mahal, dan petani cenderung memilih agroforestri.<\/p>\n<p>Memahami timbal-balik\u2014yang berubah bersama waktu terkait perubahan kondisi lingkungan setempat\u2014, menurut Guariguata, dapat  membantu pengambil kebijakan menentukan apakah regenerasi alami paling beralasan dari segi ekonomi atau ekologis.<\/p>\n<p>Namun, bukti ilmiah untuk memandu kebijakan dirasakan masih kurang, karena baru sedikit penelitian mengenai regenerasi alami. Lebih banyak penelitian, kata Uriarte, akan memungkinkan peneliti membandingkan beragam hasil strategi restorasi hutan, baik bagi ekosistem maupun bagi masyarakat yang penghidupannya bergantung hutan.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cTidak banyak data kuantitatif kuat yang bisa kita gunakan untuk memodelkan apa yang akan terjadi jika kita mendorong regenerasi di tempat tertentu dan tidak di tempat lain,\u201d kata Chazdon.<\/p>\n<h4>TAK ADA PENDEKATAN SATU-UNTUK-SEMUA<\/h4>\n<p>Restorasi bisa berbeda bentuknya, regenerasi alami, agroforestri atau hutan tanaman campuran, meski masih sedikit penelitian mengenai dampak ekologis dan dampak sosioekonominya.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSeringkali, restorasi diimplementasikan tanpa ada pertimbangan alternatif. Padahal perlu dipertanyakan manfaat bagi masyarakat dan bagaimana kesesuaian karakteristik ekosistem terkait opsi yang dipilih,\u201d kata Uriarte.<\/p>\n<p>Keputusan pemanfaatan lahan juga ada timbal-baliknya\u2014ketika hutan dibiarkan tumbuh secara alami, misalnya, lahan tidak bisa lagi digunakan untuk pertanian. Meskipun akan didapat produk hutan, sekaligus fungsi penyangga melawan perubahan iklim.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPertanyaannya, apa yang didapat dari tanaman melawan apa yang didapat dari regenerasi alami hutan.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Jawabannya bervariasi, tergantung kondisi keuangan, harga komoditas atau bahkan cuaca. \u201cKalkulasi apapun yang dibuat, soal pemanfaatan lahan pasti merupakan berubah-ubah,\u201d katanya. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk memahami timbal-balik dan sinergi yang ditawarkan regenerasi alami hutan.<\/p>\n<div class='short-image short-image--left'>\n\t\t\t\t<a class='fancybox-image GTMshortImage' href='' target='_self'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__thumb'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img src='' width='260'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__type'><h3><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__title'><h4><\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>Para peneliti dan pengambil kebijakan juga perlu cara menganalisis biaya dan manfaat regenerasi alam.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSebagian besar alat yang ada diarahkan langsung pada perencanaan dan pemetaan awal,\u201d kata Chazdon. \u201cDiperlukan alat yang lebih dalam yang mempertimbangkan data keragaman hayati, estimasi manfaat karbon dari restorasi, manfaat ekonomi dan faktor-faktor lain.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Regenerasi hutan seringkali terperosok di kevakuman legal. Terabaikan dari kebijakan lingkungan atau pertanian. Peneliti dapat membantu menunjukkan regulasi paling efektif dalam mendorong regenerasi alami, selain cara terbaik implementasi kebijakan dan insentif finansial.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cTidak bisa satu ukuran untuk semua,\u201d kata Uriarte. \u201cTiap negara punya sejarah dan sistem politik sendiri. Ini berpengaruh di satu tempat dan tidak di tempat lain.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cKita sering mendengar usulan reforestasi dengan cara menanam pohon,\u201d kata Guariguata. \u201cTetapi saat kita bicara jutaan pohon, dibutuhkan banyak tempat pembibitan dan berbagai suplai kebutuhannya.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Regenerasi\u2014apakah alami sepenuhnya atau dengan bantuan\u2014dapat membantu berbagai negara memenuhi sebagian komitmen reforestasi dengan biaya lebih rendah.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cDalam banyak hal,\u201d katanya, \u201cAlam tahu yang terbaik.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Saat berbagai negara bersiap untuk \u201cTantangan Bonn\u201d, merestorasi 150 juta hektare lahan terdeforestasi dan terdegradasi pada 2020, menurut para ilmuwan, ada sebuah solusi yang luput dari perhatian. Sebagian besar perencanaan difokuskan untuk mengubah lahan terdegradasi menjadi hutan tanaman. Padahal, menurut Manuel Guariguata, Ketua Tim Manajemen dan Restorasi Hutan Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional (CIFOR), membiarkan hutan [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":48315,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,161,137,1072],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12237],"tag-bahasa":[2587,2522,6904,2489,2520,2586,6903,2647],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[831],"class_list":["post-48313","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-deforestation","category-forest-management-restoration","category-landscapes","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-latin-america","tag-bahasa-bentang-alam","tag-bahasa-deforestasi","tag-bahasa-degradasi-lahan","tag-bahasa-keanekaragaman-hayati","tag-bahasa-konservasi","tag-bahasa-pendekatan-bentang-alam","tag-bahasa-regenerasi","tag-bahasa-restorasi","type-bahasa-berita"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Alam lebih tahu yang terbaik - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/48313\/alam-lebih-tahu-yang-terbaik\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Alam lebih tahu yang terbaik\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Saat berbagai negara bersiap untuk \u201cTantangan Bonn\u201d, merestorasi 150 juta hektare lahan terdeforestasi dan terdegradasi pada 2020, menurut para ilmuwan, ada sebuah solusi yang luput dari perhatian. Sebagian besar perencanaan difokuskan untuk mengubah lahan terdegradasi menjadi hutan tanaman. Padahal, menurut Manuel Guariguata, Ketua Tim Manajemen dan Restorasi Hutan Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional (CIFOR), membiarkan hutan [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/48313\/alam-lebih-tahu-yang-terbaik\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-02-20T06:15:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-02-07T08:05:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/14624150074_1ebe29105f.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"291\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Barbara Fraser\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@barbara_fraser\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/48313\\\/alam-lebih-tahu-yang-terbaik#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/48313\\\/alam-lebih-tahu-yang-terbaik\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Barbara Fraser\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/3f84c53b70c9b8fa7a5689aaa3c5076f\"},\"headline\":\"Alam lebih tahu yang terbaik\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-02-20T06:15:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-02-07T08:05:19+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/48313\\\/alam-lebih-tahu-yang-terbaik\"},\"wordCount\":823,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/48313\\\/alam-lebih-tahu-yang-terbaik#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/02\\\/14624150074_1ebe29105f.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Climate change &amp; 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