{"id":47852,"date":"2017-01-25T12:23:13","date_gmt":"2017-01-25T05:23:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=47852"},"modified":"2018-02-07T15:07:46","modified_gmt":"2018-02-07T08:07:46","slug":"bergerak-dan-berubah-masyarakat-dan-hutan-dalam-globalisasi-dunia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/47852\/bergerak-dan-berubah-masyarakat-dan-hutan-dalam-globalisasi-dunia","title":{"rendered":"Bergerak dan berubah: Masyarakat dan hutan dalam globalisasi dunia"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pertemuan Tahunan Forum Ekonomi Dunia<\/a>, di Davos Swiss pekan ini mengagendakan pembangunan inklusif. Untuk mendiskusikan bagaimana ketidakadilan terkait dengan pola migrasi global, dan apa artinya bagi hutan, kami berbicara dengan Christine Padoch<\/a>, Direktur Tim Hutan dan Kesejahteraan Manusia CIFOR.<\/p>\n

APAKAH ANDA MELIHAT ADA KAITAN ANTARA DISPARITAS GLOBAL DENGAN POLA MIGRASI?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Saya pikir, saat kita berbicara mengenai disparitas, apa yang dibicarakan sebagian besar orang adalah soal disparitas penghasilan. Namun, di banyak negara tempat kami bekerja, disparitas pelayanan antara wilayah desa dan kota, seperti pendidikan, kesehatan dan lainnya, justru sangat besar. Perbedaan pendidikan yang didapat anak petani Dayak di desa-desa Kalimantan, dengan apa yang didapat anak-anak kelas menengah di Jakarta seperti beda siang dan malam. Oleh karena itu, tidak sekadar disparitas penghasilan yang perlu kita pahami, tetapi juga disparitas pelayanan. Dan jelas sekali, hal tersebut mendorong terjadinya migrasi.<\/p>\n

Apa yang saya lakukan dalam penelitian saya mengenai migrasi di Amazon Peru, adalah mewawancarai masyarakat, untuk mengetahui alasan utama mengapa mereka pergi ke kota. Alasannya sering sekali bukan karena mereka berharap mendapat pekerjaan lebih baik, tetapi karena mereka harus pergi untuk alasan pendidikan, kesehatan \u2013 sekadar untuk merasa benar-benar terintegrasi dalam masyarakat regional atau nasional. Jejaring komunikasi juga masih belum menjangkau banyak wilayah terpencil Amazon.<\/p>\n\n

Saya pikir sangat sering disparitas jenis ini mendorong terjadinya migrasi dalam negara. Sementara migrasi internasional, selain disebabkan oleh hal seperti itu, juga oleh disparitas penghasilan. Oleh karena itu, saya pikir makin besarnya ketidakadilan jelas mendorong mobilitas di banyak tempat. Dan bagaimana migrasi berinteraksi dengan hutan merupakan masalah yang kompleks.<\/p>\n

APA DAMPAKNYA BAGI MASYARAKAT BERGANTUNG HUTAN?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bagi masyarakat bergantung hutan, pertama kita perlu memahami bahwa penghasilan mereka cenderung berasal dari sumber yang beragam, dan ini sudah berlangsung lama. Remitansi merupakan salah satu sumber penghasilan bagi masyarakat ini.<\/p>\n

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Migran cenderung mengirim remitansi pribadi ke rumah. Dengan besaran migrasi yang kita saksikan saat ini, baik internasional maupun internal, terjadi aliran besar penghasilan dan sangat penting bagi banyak rumah tangga bergantung hutan saat ini. Saya pikir di tempat seperti Indonesia, misalnya, kita telah lama gagal memahami \u2013 dan jelas, memandang remeh \u2013 betapa pentingnya hal ini.<\/p>\n

Remitansi menjadi sangat menarik, karena langsung ke rumah tangga. Berbeda dengan bantuan pembangunan, yang harus melalui lembaga pemerintah, dan sebelum mencapai rumah tangga pun dibebani sejumlah persyaratan dan proses. Sementara remitansi personal penting karena diperoleh langsung dan rumah tangga benar-benar dapat menentukan pemanfaatannya. Seringkali sebenarnya remitansi mengalir jauh, jauh lebih besar daripada bantuan pembangunan.<\/p>\n\n

APA DAMPAKNYA BAGI HUTAN?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ketika rimbawan berbicara mengenai migrasi dan hutan, mereka memandangnya negatif. Seringkali disimpulkan dengan pernyataan terlalu sederhana seperti \u201cmigran menebang hutan\u201d. Tetapi jika kita lihat lebih dekat, sebenarnya kita melihat bahwa banyak migrasi tidak lantas masuk hutan, tetapi juga ke luar dari hutan, dan bagaimana hal itu mempengaruhi hutan merupakan seuatu yang kurang diperhatikan oleh para peneliti.<\/p>\n

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<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n

Kami mendapatkan indikasi bahwa di beberapa tempat, migrasi justru mengakibatkan membesarnya tutupan hutan, bukannya mengurangi. Masyarakat cenderung memilih membeli makanan di pasar daripada menebang hutan dan menanaminya, dan karena mereka tidak lagi memiliki tenaga kerja untuk menebang pohon. Lebih sedikit pohon ditebang, dan hutan bisa pulih. Namun di sisi lain, kami juga melihat bahwa remitansi bisa saja diinvestasikan menjadi gergaji mesin dan membayar upah tenaga kerja untuk menebang lebih banyak pohon. Seperti yang saya katakan, ini masalah kompleks. Kami mencoba mengidentifikasi faktor yang mengarah pada hasil berbeda bagi masyarakat dan bagi hutan.<\/p>\n

Terdapat banyak, banyak cara berbeda migrasi dapat mempengaruhi pengguna hutan dan berpotensi mempengaruhi pemanfaatan hutan. Hasilnya bergantung pada variabel lain dalam masyarakat, dan jelas ketidakadilan adalah salah satunya. Kami berharap bisa cukup memahami tentang migrasi dan hutan untuk membantu mempromosikan kebijakan yang menghasilkan penurunan disparitas, serta tata kelola hutan lebih baik.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pertemuan Tahunan Forum Ekonomi Dunia, di Davos Swiss pekan ini mengagendakan pembangunan inklusif. Untuk mendiskusikan bagaimana ketidakadilan terkait dengan pola migrasi global, dan apa artinya bagi hutan, kami berbicara dengan Christine Padoch, Direktur Tim Hutan dan Kesejahteraan Manusia CIFOR. APAKAH ANDA MELIHAT ADA KAITAN ANTARA DISPARITAS GLOBAL DENGAN POLA MIGRASI? Saya pikir, saat kita berbicara […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":221,"featured_media":47854,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,161,6090,95],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12215],"tag-bahasa":[2547,2520,2589,2602,6868,2530,2554],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3094],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[6538],"class_list":["post-47852","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-deforestation","category-forests-news","category-human-wellbeing","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-global","tag-bahasa-keuangan","tag-bahasa-konservasi","tag-bahasa-mata-pencaharian","tag-bahasa-migrasi","tag-bahasa-pertambahan-penduduk","tag-bahasa-pertumbuhan-ekonomi","tag-bahasa-tata-kelola-hutan","type-bahasa-wawancara"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nBergerak dan berubah: Masyarakat dan hutan dalam globalisasi dunia - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/47852\/bergerak-dan-berubah-masyarakat-dan-hutan-dalam-globalisasi-dunia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bergerak dan berubah: Masyarakat dan hutan dalam globalisasi dunia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pertemuan Tahunan Forum Ekonomi Dunia, di Davos Swiss pekan ini mengagendakan pembangunan inklusif. 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Untuk mendiskusikan bagaimana ketidakadilan terkait dengan pola migrasi global, dan apa artinya bagi hutan, kami berbicara dengan Christine Padoch, Direktur Tim Hutan dan Kesejahteraan Manusia CIFOR. APAKAH ANDA MELIHAT ADA KAITAN ANTARA DISPARITAS GLOBAL DENGAN POLA MIGRASI? 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