{"id":47657,"date":"2017-01-13T12:38:37","date_gmt":"2017-01-13T05:38:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=47657"},"modified":"2018-02-07T15:49:10","modified_gmt":"2018-02-07T08:49:10","slug":"seberapa-efektif-kebijakan-konservasi-melindungi-hutan-tropis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/47657\/seberapa-efektif-kebijakan-konservasi-melindungi-hutan-tropis","title":{"rendered":"Seberapa efektif kebijakan konservasi melindungi hutan tropis?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Terdapat berbagai macam kebijakan konservasi hutan tengah dilaksanakan di berbagai daerah tropis saat ini. Selain instrumen tradisional seperti kawasan lindung, inisiatif lainnya termasuk program-program pembangunan, berbagai skema sertifikasi dan pembayaran jasa lingkungan (PES) juga sedang dilakukan.<\/p>\n

Namun informasi tentang apa yang telah berhasil dilaksanakan dan yang tidak tetap terfragmentasi, terutama untuk alat berbasis insentif.<\/p>\n

Sebuah koleksi studi terbaru<\/a> yang mengevaluasi efektivitas kebijakan konservasi hutan tropis mencoba untuk mengubah hal ini. Para ilmuwan mengumpulkan pengetahuan dan bukti baru dari 13 studi evaluasi inisiatif konservasi hutan yang meliputi delapan negara di empat benua. Mengingat langkanya bukti dasar saat ini, penelitian baru ini memberikan masukan inovatif dalam berpikir.<\/p>\n

Efek konservasi dihitung dalam hal perubahan tutupan hutan tahunan. Empat studi dari koleksi tersebut melihat efektivitas kawasan lindung di Brasil<\/a>, Chili<\/a>, Kosta Rika<\/a> dan Indonesia<\/a>. Studi tersebut menunjukkan efek konservasi tambahan di kisaran 0,08 persen menjadi 0,59 persen per tahun.<\/p>\n

Di kawasan lindung yang paling efektif (dalam hal ini Amazon di Brazil), kurang lebih 6 persen tutupan hutan akan dilindungi dibandingkan dengan lahan yang tidak dilindungi dalam rentang waktu satu dekade. Dalam kasus kawasan lindung paling efektif (dalam hal ini Indonesia), hanya 0,8 persen tutupan hutan akan dipertahankan selama periode 10-tahun.<\/p>\n\n

Tiga studi tambahan dari Brasil mengukur efektivitas alat kebijakan perintah-dan-kontrol lainnya dalam kombinasi instrumen yang telah membantu mengurangi deforestasi Amazon sebanyak lebih dari dua-pertiga sejak tahun 2004.<\/p>\n

Penegakan hukum kehutanan<\/a> diberlakukan untuk mengurangi hilangnya hutan tahunan sebesar 0,13 persen dan 0,29 persen. Sementara itu, pendekatan konservasi yurisdiksi<\/a> yang melibatkan insentif anggaran dengan pemerintah daerah di kawasan Timur Amazon berkontribusi untuk mengurangi laju deforestasi di beberapa, tapi tidak semua, tahun yang diteliti.<\/p>\n

MENGEVALUASI KONSERVASI BERBASIS INSENTIF<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kumpulan penelitian juga melihat pendekatan berbasis insentif untuk konservasi dengan melihat dua skema PES di Kosta Rika<\/a> dan Meksiko<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Program Kosta Rika menunjukkan efek konservasi hutan menengah 0,32 persen per tahun, sedangkan skema sub-nasional Meksiko memiliki kenaikan dalam konservasi tahunan sebesar 2,91 persen. sebuah studi tentang skema pembayaran sub-nasional di Kolombia mengevaluasi efek jangka panjang PES<\/a> dimana dampaknya tetap dipertahankan bahkan setelah program berakhir. Dengan demikian, dimana meta-studi sebelumnya<\/a> banyak menemukan dampak lingkungan yang rendah dari skema PES, penelitian-penelitian terbaru ini memperlihatkan gambaran yang lebih baik.<\/p>\n

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<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n

Dampak konservasi hutan terbesar secara keseluruhan (4,56 persen per tahun) antar peralatan insentif telah diukur ketika membandingkan perubahan tutupan hutan antara konsesi kayu bersertifikat dan non-bersertifikat di Indonesia.<\/a><\/p>\n

KONSERVASI DAN MATA PENCAHARIAN<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tiga studi yang ditampilkan dalam kumpulan penelitian juga menelaah dampak sosial ekonomi dan pengembangan kebijakan konservasi hutan. PES di Kosta Rika<\/a> ditemukan memiliki kesejahteraan bersifat netral, sedangkan inisiatif pengelolaan hutan oleh masyarakat di Tanzania<\/a> dan Namibia<\/a> menunjukkan efek positif signifikan terhadap kesehatan dan pendidikan.<\/p>\n

Selain memberikan bukti empiris tentang efektivitas kebijakan konservasi hutan, kumpulan penelitian juga dilengkapi kontribusi metodologis yang berfokus pada tantangan yang terlibat dalam mengevaluasi intervensi kebijakan berbasis wilayah dan program PES<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Apa yang berhasil dan tidak dalam konservasi hutan lebih dari sebuah pilihan antara instrumen kebijakan. Desain instrumen dan konteks implementasi keduanya memiliki arti signifikan.<\/p>\n\n

Sangat memungkinkan untuk merancang dan menggelar kebijakan konservasi tropis yang efektif dan tidak mengancam kesejahteraan penduduk desa. Efektivitas konservasi bukan sekedar memilih alat kebijakan yang tepat. Tetapi juga upaya mengidentifikasi perpaduan kebijakan yang memadai, termasuk merancang intervensi yang disesuaikan dengan konteks lokal dan regional.<\/p>\n

Untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut evaluasi dampak konservasi di masa depan, diperlukan inovasi studi agar dapat melampaui efek rata-rata guna menghubungkan kinerja variabel dalam ruang dan waktu untuk variasi dalam desain instrumen dan tekanan lingkungan.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Terdapat berbagai macam kebijakan konservasi hutan tengah dilaksanakan di berbagai daerah tropis saat ini. Selain instrumen tradisional seperti kawasan lindung, inisiatif lainnya termasuk program-program pembangunan, berbagai skema sertifikasi dan pembayaran jasa lingkungan (PES) juga sedang dilakukan. Namun informasi tentang apa yang telah berhasil dilaksanakan dan yang tidak tetap terfragmentasi, terutama untuk alat berbasis insentif. Sebuah […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":64,"featured_media":47673,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[182,6090,173],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12215],"tag-bahasa":[6852,2621],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3087],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[562,242],"class_list":["post-47657","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-community-forestry","category-forests-news","category-gender-justice-tenure","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-global","tag-bahasa-payment-for-environmental-services","tag-bahasa-pembayaran-jasa-lingkungan-hutan","type-bahasa-analisis"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSeberapa efektif kebijakan konservasi melindungi hutan tropis? - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/47657\/seberapa-efektif-kebijakan-konservasi-melindungi-hutan-tropis\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Seberapa efektif kebijakan konservasi melindungi hutan tropis?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Terdapat berbagai macam kebijakan konservasi hutan tengah dilaksanakan di berbagai daerah tropis saat ini. 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Selain instrumen tradisional seperti kawasan lindung, inisiatif lainnya termasuk program-program pembangunan, berbagai skema sertifikasi dan pembayaran jasa lingkungan (PES) juga sedang dilakukan. Namun informasi tentang apa yang telah berhasil dilaksanakan dan yang tidak tetap terfragmentasi, terutama untuk alat berbasis insentif. 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