{"id":46830,"date":"2016-11-22T02:22:48","date_gmt":"2016-11-21T19:22:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=46830"},"modified":"2018-02-07T15:15:45","modified_gmt":"2018-02-07T08:15:45","slug":"laporan-khusus-cop22-peran-aktor-swasta-di-panggung-iklim-dunia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/46830\/laporan-khusus-cop22-peran-aktor-swasta-di-panggung-iklim-dunia","title":{"rendered":"Laporan khusus COP22: Peran aktor swasta di panggung iklim dunia"},"content":{"rendered":"

Perjanjian perubahan iklim Paris telah diadopsi oleh 195 negara. Seluruh negara berjanji menjaga pemanasan global tetap berada di bawah 2\u00b0C.<\/p>\n

Tetapi sebenarnya banyak keputusan, aksi dan hasil terkait perubahan iklim dibuat oleh aktor non-negara seperti pemerintah lokal, korporasi multinasional, organisasi masyarakat sipil, masyarakat adat, petani, dan usaha kecil menengah (UKM).<\/p>\n

Lima pakar Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional (CIFOR) <\/a>menelaah peran berbagai aktor non-negara pada acara paralel COP22 yang digelar CIFOR di Marrakesh, Maroko, 10 November lalu.<\/p>\n

Para pakar membahas tantangan dan peluang bagi para aktor tersebut, khususnya sektor swasta, dalam kontribusinya memenuhi komitmen kontribusi nasional (NDC). Mereka juga memandang perlunya pemantauan independen dan transparan untuk memverifikasi apakah komitmen tersebut dicapai, dan bagaimana peran sektor swasta.<\/p>\n

PESAN BIJAK<\/strong><\/p>\n

Di bawah Perjanjian Paris, lebih banyak \u201caktor non-negara\u201d (NSA) dilibatkan dalam inisiatif Konvensi Kerangka Kerja Perubahan Iklim (UNFCCC). Namun menggunakan istilah ini untuk berbagai kelompok menjadi tantangan tersendiri karena aktor non-negara sangat beragam dari segi motivasi dan aksinya.<\/p>\n\n

\u201cBanyak sekali kelompok yang termasuk dalam kategori aktor non-negara, semuanya memainkan peran berbeda dalam komitmen perubahan iklim, termasuk perusahaan, masyarakat sipil, akademisi, LSM, petani dan masyarakat adat,\u201d kata Pablo Pacheco, ilmuwan utama CIFOR.<\/p>\n

\u201cBahkan sektor swasta sangat heterogen, meliputi beragam sub-kelompok dengan prioritas dan kapasitas berbeda, sebagiannya bergerak dalam ekonomi informal,\u201d tambahnya. \u201cJadi, memantau kemajuan beragam kelompok aktor ini juga rumit.\u201d<\/p>\n

Pacheco dan rekan-rekannya menggarisbawahi bahwa tidak bisa dilakukan pendekatan \u2018satu untuk semua\u2019 pada aktor non-negara, dan menyerukan UNFCCC untuk memperhatikan masalah ini.<\/p>\n

MENEPATI JANJI<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pada 2014, UNFCCC meresmikan portal Zona Aktor Non-Negara untuk Aksi Iklim (NAZCA), bertujuan menjejak aksi yang membantu negara mencapai dan melampaui komitmen nasional mereka dalam menangani perubahan iklim.<\/p>\n

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Hingga saat ini, lebih dari 12.500 komitmen telah dibuat oleh korporasi, investor, CSO, kota dan wilayah.<\/p>\n

Selama COP21 di Paris, wahana ini berkembang menjadi pengaturan lebih formal melalui Agenda Aksi Iklim Global, yang memainkan peran kunci pada COP22 di Marrakesh.<\/p>\n

Ilmuwan CIFOR menemukan, meski banyak korporasi internasional di sektor pertanian dan kehutanan membuat komitmen sukarela menurunkan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan dan sosial, masih belum ada cara sistematis menjejak dan memverifikasi janji ini, atau dampaknya pada perubahan iklim.<\/p>\n

\u201cPerusahaan-perusahaan tersebut memiliki sistem pelaporan sendiri, namun di sini terdapat masalah kredibilitas, transparansi dan independensi,\u201d kata Pacheco.<\/p>\n

\u201cKita perlu memiliki pemantauan independen. Begitu pula, perlu disadari potensi dan keterbatasan janji NSA, karena seringkali tidak memiliki target spesifik dan kerangka waktu.\u201d<\/p>\n

Pacheco menunjuk bahwa terdapat sejumlah organisasi, seperti Institut Sumber Daya Dunia (WRI) dan Pemantau Hutan Global yang memantau aspek perubahan iklim, sementara kelompok lain memantau alur perdagangan dan investasi, termasuk risiko finansial.<\/p>\n\n

Berbagai inisiatif, menurut Pacheco memang dibutuhkan, seiring dengan kebutuhan kesamaan definisi dan indikator.<\/p>\n

\u201cKetika membicarakan pemantauan, memang dibutuhkan keragaman, namun kita perlu mendiskusikan apa yang perlu dipantau dan bagaimana melakukannya dengan transparan,\u201d katanya. \u201cTidak hanya pada tingkat global, tetapi juga pada tingkat lokal yang berterima untuk semua pemangku kepentingan.\u201d<\/p>\n

MENEMUKAN PIJAKAN BERSAMA<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ilmuwan CIFOR mengidentifikasi risiko utama bagi petani dan masyarakat lokal yang termarjinalisasi dan bergerak dalam ekonomi nonformal. Mereka berpendapat bahwa para aktor itu menghadapi risiko dikucilkan ketika korporasi mencoba membangun rantai nilai \u2018bebas-deforestasi\u2019. Dampaknya tidak hanya pada masyarakat desa, tetapi juga pada lingkungan.<\/p>\n

Untuk memperbaikinya, diperlukan perlindungan UNFCCC yang lebih baik. \u201cDi samping risiko itu, komitmen korporasi berpotensi mendukung petani dan meningkatkan sumber daya untuk membantu melakukan praktik lebih berkelanjutan,\u201d kata Pacheco.<\/p>\n

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Salah satu jalannya, menurut Pacheco adalah melalui Dana Iklim Hijau (GCF). Pada 2010, 194 pemerintah mendirikan lembaga ini untuk membantu negara berkembang memformulasikan program dan kebijakan utuk membantu mitigasi dan adaptasi perubahan iklim.<\/p>\n

Komitmen-komitmen tersebut, selain berisiko mengucilkan suplier tertentu, dapat dimanfaatkan untuk membantu petani dan usaha kecil menengan (UKM) menyempurnakan sistem produksi mereka untuk mampu bersaing dan memetik manfaat dari rantai nilai berkelanjutan.<\/p>\n

\u201cKita perlu memindahkan sumber daya pada pemain yang kurang diuntungkan, membantu mereka mendapat akses pada hak tenurial, pinjaman dan pendanaan yang layak,\u201d kata Pacheco.<\/p>\n

\u201cMisalnya, jika perusahaan berjanji tidak membeli dari petani yang merambah lahan berhutan, orang-orang ini tidak lagi akan memiliki sumber pendapatan. Kita perlu melibatkan mereka dalam pasar kehutanan, memberikan metode pertanian lebih efisien, menyediakan sumber daya dan menciptakan alternatif penghidupan.\u201d<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Perjanjian perubahan iklim Paris telah diadopsi oleh 195 negara. Seluruh negara berjanji menjaga pemanasan global tetap berada di bawah 2\u00b0C. Tetapi sebenarnya banyak keputusan, aksi dan hasil terkait perubahan iklim dibuat oleh aktor non-negara seperti pemerintah lokal, korporasi multinasional, organisasi masyarakat sipil, masyarakat adat, petani, dan usaha kecil menengah (UKM). Lima pakar Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":214,"featured_media":46853,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,6090,180,151],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12215],"tag-bahasa":[2522,2500,2541,2567,2520,2512,3680,2819,2538,6464],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[6193],"class_list":["post-46830","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-forests-news","category-mitigating-climate-change","category-redd-2","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-global","tag-bahasa-deforestasi","tag-bahasa-emisi-karbon","tag-bahasa-energi","tag-bahasa-gas-rumah-kaca","tag-bahasa-konservasi","tag-bahasa-negosiasi-iklim","tag-bahasa-perubahan-iklim","tag-bahasa-redd","tag-bahasa-target-pengurangan-emisi","tag-bahasa-unfccc","type-bahasa-berita"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLaporan khusus COP22: Peran aktor swasta di panggung iklim dunia - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/46830\/laporan-khusus-cop22-peran-aktor-swasta-di-panggung-iklim-dunia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Laporan khusus COP22: Peran aktor swasta di panggung iklim dunia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Perjanjian perubahan iklim Paris telah diadopsi oleh 195 negara. Seluruh negara berjanji menjaga pemanasan global tetap berada di bawah 2\u00b0C. Tetapi sebenarnya banyak keputusan, aksi dan hasil terkait perubahan iklim dibuat oleh aktor non-negara seperti pemerintah lokal, korporasi multinasional, organisasi masyarakat sipil, masyarakat adat, petani, dan usaha kecil menengah (UKM). 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