{"id":45888,"date":"2016-11-01T12:00:58","date_gmt":"2016-11-01T05:00:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=45888"},"modified":"2018-02-07T15:15:58","modified_gmt":"2018-02-07T08:15:58","slug":"menanam-sumber-energi-baru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/45888\/menanam-sumber-energi-baru","title":{"rendered":"Menanam sumber energi baru"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Dengan cekatan Siti Maimunah melompat keluar dari perahu kecil, melangkah di antara bibit tanaman dan memasuki tanah terbuka, memantau lahan. Saat ini, dua hektar petak lahan gambut kering dan terdegradasi belum bisa diolah, namun Siti melihat potensi lahan itu untuk energi terbarukan, restorasi lahan dan penghidupan di Kalimantan Tengah.<\/p>\n<p>Selama lebih dari lima bulan terakhir, Siti, dosen kehutanan di Universitas Muhammadiyah Palangka Raya, rutin berkunjung ke petak terpencil itu. Ditemani para mahasiswanya dan masyarakat desa Buntoi, ia memantau kemajuan lima jenis tanaman bioenergi yang tengah diuji di petak percobaan.<\/p>\n<p>[youtube id=&#8221;xuH_mx6JwEY&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Lihat: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=xuH_mx6JwEY&amp;feature=youtu.be\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Growing energy, restoring land<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tahun lalu, panen karet dan beras hancur akibat <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/fire-and-haze\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">kebakaran lahan gambut<\/a> di beberapa provinsi di Indonesia, sekaligus mengakibatkan polusi udara dan menyisakan lahan terdegradasi. Tidak mampu menanami kembali lahannya, masyarakat Buntoi berharap ada langkah baru.<\/p>\n<p>Pada kunjungannya kali ini, beberapa tanaman uji tampak bertumbuh. Mahasiswa Siti, Kristianto Okoiiko, menghitung jumlah daun dan mengukur pertumbuhan batang dan cabang. Tema, pekerja dari Buntoi menyiangi rumput, dan menemukan nenas merekah di antara baris gundukan bibit tanaman.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPetak ujicoba ini ingin menunjukkan pada masyarakat bahwa di wilayah mereka, di lahan terdegradasi, ada potensi besar menumbuhkan berbagai jenis tanaman, termasuk tanaman bioenergi,\u201d kata Siti.<\/p>\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio:16\/9;min-height:unset;\" class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull has-parallax has-custom-content-position is-position-bottom-center has-aspect-ratio\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-45610 size-full has-parallax\" style=\"background-position:50% 50%;\n\t\t\t\tbackground-image:url(https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/DJI_0013-2.jpg)\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-base-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-c7274f9a76ff948295c72066c2502b23\">The two-hectare bioenergy trial plot in Buntoi, Central Kalimantan <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p><strong>Lebih dari sekadar monokultur<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Lima spesies tanaman bioenergi diujicoba di petak ini.<\/p>\n<p>Tanaman uji yang paling berhasil, menurut Siti, adalah <em>Calophyllum inophyllum<\/em>, atau lebih dikenal sebagai \u2018nyamplung\u2019. Hanya dari satu hektare panen biji nyamplung bisa menghasilkan 20 ton minyak biodiesel setahun. Pabrik pengolahan biji nyamplung menjadi minyak sudah beroperasi di pulau Jawa. Tanaman yang biasanya ditanam di tanah bergaram pinggir pantai, untuk pertama kalinya dicoba di lahan gambut. Biji nyamplung seharusnya muncul dalam 1-4 tahun ke depan.<\/p>\n<p>Ujicoba \u2018kemiri sunan\u2019 (<em>Reutealis trisperma<\/em>), \u2018lamtoro\u2019 (<em>Leucaena leacocephala<\/em>) dan \u2018gamal\u2019 (<em>Gliricidia sepium<\/em>) juga berjalan lancar. Seperti nyamplung, kemiri sunan dan lamtoro dapat menghasilkan biodiesel. Gamal dapat dikonversi menjadi biomassa pelet kayu, sumber potensial bagi pembangkit listrik.<\/p>\n<div class='short-quote'>\n\t\t\t<blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<footer>\n\t\t\t\t\t<cite title='Source Title'><\/cite>\n\t\t\t\t<\/footer>\n\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<p>\u2018Kaliandra\u2019 (<em>Calliandra calothyrsus<\/em>) agak mengalami kesulitan saat musim hujan rendah, meski Siti masih memiliki asa untuk tanaman ini. Tanaman cepat tumbuh ini sudah digunakan dan diekspor sebagai biomassa pelet dari Madura. Bunganya mengundang lebah madu, dan berpotensi menjadi tambahan pemasukan. Siti memindahkan sebagian tanaman dari pinggiran sungai ke lahan lebih tinggi, untuk mengatasi masalah kebanjiran.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\">\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"620\" height=\"415\" src=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/DSC_0036-620x415.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-45612\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/DSC_0036-620x415.jpg 620w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/DSC_0036-263x176.jpg 263w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/DSC_0036-566x379.jpg 566w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/DSC_0036-768x514.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Forestry lecturer Siti Maimunah and her student, Kristianto Okoiiko, check the condition of the \u2018kemiri sunan\u2019, or Reutealis trisperma.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t<\/figure>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-content-justification-center is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-23441af8 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img width=\"738\" height=\"415\" src=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/plant2-738x415.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-45616\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/plant2-738x415.jpg 738w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/plant2-566x318.jpg 566w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/plant2-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/plant2.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 738px) 100vw, 738px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">&#039;Kaliandra&#039;, or Calliandra calothyrsus. <a href=\"\">Edliadi Mokhamad\/CIFOR<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img width=\"562\" height=\"415\" src=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/nyamplung-562x415.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-45685\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/nyamplung-562x415.jpg 562w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/nyamplung-542x400.jpg 542w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/nyamplung-768x567.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 562px) 100vw, 562px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">&#039;Nyamplung&#039;, or Calophyllum inophyllum. <a href=\"\">Catriona Croft-Cusworth\/CIFOR<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>Tanaman keenam, nenas, ditumpang sarikan di antara tanaman bioenergi, menghasilkan panen pangan bersama bahan bakar.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cKami tidak semata memperkenalkan gagasan monokultur,\u201d kata Siti. \u201cSambil menunggu tanaman kehutanan, di lahan yang sama dapat dikembangkan tanaman kebutuhan pasar. Seperti nenas.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Dengan bertanam di lahan terdegradasi, ujicoba ini juga ingin menjawab kritik umum bahwa tanaman bioenergi menyita lahan pertanian produktif. Lebih dari itu, selain tumbuh di lahan sulit, tanaman bioenergi juga berpotensi merestorasi lahan untuk kepentingan masa depan, khususnya gamal dan kaliandra.<\/p>\n<p>Menemukan titik temu antara bioenergi berkelanjutan dan restorasi lahan adalah tujuan utama penelitian yang mendorong dilakukanya  ujicoba ini.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\">\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"567\" height=\"415\" src=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/pineapple-567x415.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-45609\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/pineapple-567x415.jpg 567w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/pineapple-220x161.jpg 220w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/pineapple-546x400.jpg 546w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/pineapple-768x563.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/pineapple.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 567px) 100vw, 567px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A pineapple ripens among the bioenergy test crops in Kalimantan, Indonesia. The idea is to plant both food and fuels simultaneously as a way to restore degraded peat lands and forests.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t<\/figure>\n<p><strong>Energi bersih, penghidupan lokal<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Menggunakan kano dan sedikit  perjalanan darat, kita bisa temukan desa Buntoi. Desa yang dihuni sekitar 2.500 orang tersebar di sepanjang Sungai Kahayan. Rumah berdiri di atas panggung, agar aman dari turun naik air sungai. Mencari ikan menjadi sumber utama pemasukan, walau juga bergantung pada arus sungai. Polusi dan pemancingan berlebihan menyulitkan penduduk mendapat ikan secara rutin.<\/p>\n<p>Sebelum kebakaran, banyak masyarakat bergantung pada pemasukan tambahan dari padi dan karet, di lokasi petak ujicoba saat ini. Namun, perkebunan tidak lagi bisa dibangun di lahan yang sudah terbakar dan terdegradasi.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSulit bagi masyarakat di sini,\u201d kata Yuliatin, penduduk Buntoi yang mengelola toko kecil di depan rumahnya. \u201cTanaman karet kami terbakar, menangkap ikan di sungai sudah sulit.\u201d<\/p>\n<div class='short-image short-image--left'>\n\t\t\t\t<a class='fancybox-image GTMshortImage' href='' target='_self'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__thumb'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img src='' width='260'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__type'><h3><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__title'><h4><\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>Yuliatin menyambut inisiatif ujicoba tanaman bioenergi. \u201cYang penting masyarakat berkembang,\u201d katanya.<\/p>\n<p>Karlin K. Ganti, kepala Lembaga Pengelolaan Hutan Desa (LPHD) juga merespon positif ujicoba bioenergi.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSaya kenal masyarakat desa Buntoi ini. Jika ada peluang meningkatkan prospek ekonomi, mereka akan mengambilnya,\u201d katanya.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cKami baru tahu soal nyamplung, kemiri sunan dan tanaman lain di petak itu. Kami benar-benar mau belajar lebih banyak,\u201d tambahnya.<\/p>\n<div class='short-quote'>\n\t\t\t<blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<footer>\n\t\t\t\t\t<cite title='Source Title'><\/cite>\n\t\t\t\t<\/footer>\n\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<p>Di seberang sungai desa Buntoi terdapat pembangkit listrik tenaga batu bara yang menerangi wilayah tersebut. Siti berharap, suatu hari biomassa dari gamal dan kaliandra mengganti batu bara pembangkit listrik. Sementara biofuel dari nyamplung, kemiri sunan dan lamtoro dapat dimanfaatkan masyarakat setempat untuk transportasi sungai dan memancing.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHidup di sini sangat bergantung pada diesel atau bensin,\u201d kata Siti. \u201cSemoga tanaman bioenergi dapat menjadi solusi alternatif bagi masyarakat.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\">\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"620\" height=\"415\" src=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/DSC_0084-620x415.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-45692\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/DSC_0084-620x415.jpg 620w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/DSC_0084-263x176.jpg 263w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/DSC_0084-566x379.jpg 566w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/DSC_0084-768x514.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/DSC_0084.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The bioenergy crops are hoped to eventually replace coal as a source of power for Buntoi village.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dengan cekatan Siti Maimunah melompat keluar dari perahu kecil, melangkah di antara bibit tanaman dan memasuki tanah terbuka, memantau lahan. Saat ini, dua hektar petak lahan gambut kering dan terdegradasi belum bisa diolah, namun Siti melihat potensi lahan itu untuk energi terbarukan, restorasi lahan dan penghidupan di Kalimantan Tengah. Selama lebih dari lima bulan terakhir, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":221,"featured_media":45604,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,6090,190],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12222],"tag-bahasa":[2476,6661,6660,2567,2590,2589,2538],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[6538],"class_list":["post-45888","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-forests-news","category-peatlands","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-indonesia","tag-bahasa-adaptasi","tag-bahasa-bioenergi","tag-bahasa-biofuel","tag-bahasa-gas-rumah-kaca","tag-bahasa-masyarakat-lokal","tag-bahasa-mata-pencaharian","tag-bahasa-target-pengurangan-emisi","type-bahasa-berita"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Menanam sumber energi baru - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/45888\/menanam-sumber-energi-baru\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Menanam sumber energi baru\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dengan cekatan Siti Maimunah melompat keluar dari perahu kecil, melangkah di antara bibit tanaman dan memasuki tanah terbuka, memantau lahan. Saat ini, dua hektar petak lahan gambut kering dan terdegradasi belum bisa diolah, namun Siti melihat potensi lahan itu untuk energi terbarukan, restorasi lahan dan penghidupan di Kalimantan Tengah. 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