{"id":44479,"date":"2016-10-11T09:50:11","date_gmt":"2016-10-11T02:50:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=44479"},"modified":"2016-12-13T11:46:28","modified_gmt":"2016-12-13T04:46:28","slug":"tradisi-panen-madu-hutan-masyarakat-olin-fobia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/44479\/tradisi-panen-madu-hutan-masyarakat-olin-fobia","title":{"rendered":"Tradisi Panen Madu Hutan Masyarakat Olin-Fobia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Setiap tahun, penjaga tradisional Cagar Alam Gunung Mutis di pulau Timor Barat, melakukan perjalanan kembali ke tanah leluhur mereka untuk ritual budaya penting &#8211; panen madu hutan.<\/p>\n<p>Panen madu tahunan ini tidak hanya penting untuk keberlanjutan tradisi leluhur, namun sekaligus membuktikan, kearifan lokal merupakan kontributor penting bagi keberlangsungan harmoni sosial, mata pencaharian dan pelestarian cagar alam seperti yang ingin dilaksanakan oleh hukum nasional, menurut ilmuwan Ani Adiwinata Nawir.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Hal ini merupakan sebuah kisah sukses untuk tata kelola bentang alam berbasis masyarakat dan bagaimana hal itu dapat berkontribusi untuk konservasi hutan selaras dengan kebijakan nasional,&#8221; tambahnya.<\/p>\n<p>[youtube id=&#8221;qR-WFOYju94&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p>Ani Nawir bergabung dengan proyek penelitian <a href=\"http:\/\/www.worldagroforestry.org\/project\/development-timber-and-non-timber-forest-products%E2%80%99-production-and-market-strategies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Kanoppi<\/a>, kerjasama riset antara<a href=\"\/\/cifor.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"> Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional (CIFOR)<\/a> dan <a href=\"http:\/\/worldagroforestry.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)<\/a>. Proyek Kanoppi bertujuan untuk mengembangkan produksi dan pemasaran hasil hutan kayu dan non-kayu yang dapat meningkatkan mata pencaharian petani kecil.<\/p>\n<p>Sebagai hasil hutan non-kayu, madu Gunung Mutis memberikan penghasilan tambahan bagi masyarakat pemanen. Dan karena produksi madu bergantung pada lingkungan hutan yang sehat, ada insentif ekonomi ekstra untuk memastikan perlindungan ekosistem itu tergantung pada hutan.<\/p>\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio:16\/9;min-height:unset;\" class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull has-parallax has-custom-content-position is-position-bottom-center has-aspect-ratio\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-44643 size-full has-parallax\" style=\"background-position:50% 50%;\n\t\t\t\tbackground-image:url(https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/NG_5423.jpg)\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-base-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-c7274f9a76ff948295c72066c2502b23\">  Bentang alam Mutis-Timau,Timor Barat, Indonesia. Nanang Sujana\/CIFOR<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p><strong>Tradisi Leluhur<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bagi masyarakat Olin-fobia, panen madu hutan adalah kegiatan sakral yang melibatkan kombinasi dari ritual adat dan agama.<\/p>\n<p>Masyakarat Olin-fobia sebagai penjaga tradisi menjalani dua hari perjalanan menuju  hutan, tempat mereka mengumpulkan madu. Ketika bunga dari <em>alba Eucalyptus<\/em> mulai bermekaran, persiapan dimulai untuk berkemah selama dua-tiga minggu. Makanan dan tempat tinggal harus siap selama dalam perjalanan, dan setiap konflik pribadi diharapkan diselesaikan sebelum keberangkatan, memastikan harmoni sosial dan kerukunan antar anggota masyarakat.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-content-justification-center is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-23441af8 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img width=\"622\" height=\"415\" src=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/DSCF6341-622x415.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-44642\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/DSCF6341-622x415.jpg 622w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/DSCF6341-263x176.jpg 263w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/DSCF6341-566x377.jpg 566w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/DSCF6341-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 622px) 100vw, 622px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Seluruh masyarakat bergabung melakukan perjalanan menuju lokasi panen, yang hasilnya dibagi rata antar sesama kelompok. Nanang Sujana\/CIFOR <a href=\"\"><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img width=\"623\" height=\"415\" src=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/DSCF6570-623x415.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-44641\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/DSCF6570-623x415.jpg 623w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/DSCF6570-263x176.jpg 263w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/DSCF6570-566x377.jpg 566w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/DSCF6570-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 623px) 100vw, 623px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Yohanes Palo, anggota masyakarat menunggu hasil panenan. Nanang Sujana\/CIFOR\n <a href=\"\"><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\">\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"623\" height=\"415\" src=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/DSCF6487-623x415.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-44640\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/DSCF6487-623x415.jpg 623w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/DSCF6487-263x176.jpg 263w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/DSCF6487-566x377.jpg 566w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/DSCF6487-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/DSCF6487.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 623px) 100vw, 623px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Isak Fobia, tetua suku Olin- Fobia. Ia bertanggung jawab memimpin ritual panen madu dari awal hingga akhir, termasuk membagi hasil panen bagi masyarakat. Nanang Sujana\/CIFOR<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t<\/figure>\n<p>Perkemahan didirikan di suatu tempat yang dianggap sebagai \u2018gerbang\u2019 ke area lokasi panen untuk melakukan upacara doa. Setelah doa dipanjatkan, ritual adat dimulai dengan melantunkan tutur merdu pujaan, bersamaan dengan prosesi penyembelihan seekor babi hutan untuk dimakan bersama seluruh anggota keluarga suku masyarakat.<\/p>\n<p>Saat malam tiba, sekelompok orang pemanen berangkat ke lokasi panen. Dipimpin oleh seorang <em>Amaf<\/em> \u2013 pemimpin adat, kelompok ini beranggotakan orang-orang yang memiliki ketrampilan teknis dan spiritual untuk melakukan panen madu hutan dengan aman.<\/p>\n<p>Para pemanen madu hutan menghadapi tugas yang tidak mudah, karena banyak bahaya yang mengancam, antara lain ketika mereka harus memanjat batang dan cabang pohon dengan tinggi mencapai 80 meter. Di ketinggian puncak pohon-pohon eukaliptus, sarang-sarang lebah bergantung.  Di satu pohon tua, bias terdapat hingga 120 sarang lebah yang menghasilkan madu hutan.<\/p>\n<p>Salah satu anggota kelompok, <em>Meo One<\/em>, bertugas sebagai pemanjat pohon. Sementara anggota kelompok lain, <em>Meo<\/em> <em>Menesat<\/em>, bernyanyi di bawah pohon, melantunkan pujian untuk ratu lebah dan lebah-lebah penghasil madu lainnya, sebagai \u2018putri rimba nan cantik\u2019, seraya memohon ijin untuk mengambil madunya.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cDalam proses memanen, masyarakat menganggap para lebah sebagai mitra,\u201d kata Ani.<\/p>\n<p>Pemanen madu hutan menggunakan api dan asap untuk menjauhkan para lebah. Pemanen mengambil sarang madu dan membawanya turun. <em>Amaf<\/em> mengalokasikan pohon-pohon penghasil madu dan produksinya secara adil untuk semua keluarga anggota suku masyarakat.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\">\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"623\" height=\"415\" src=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/NG_4691-623x415.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-44639\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/NG_4691-623x415.jpg 623w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/NG_4691-263x176.jpg 263w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/NG_4691-566x377.jpg 566w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/NG_4691-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/NG_4691.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 623px) 100vw, 623px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Satu pohon inang madu dapat menampung kurang lebih 100 lebah. Nanang Sujana\/CIFOR\n<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t<\/figure>\n<div class='short-quote'>\n\t\t\t<blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<footer>\n\t\t\t\t\t<cite title='Source Title'><\/cite>\n\t\t\t\t<\/footer>\n\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<p><strong>Produk Alam Berkelanjutan<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Madu Gunung Mutis sendiri adalah salah satu bentuk <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/publications\/corporate\/factSheet\/NTFP.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">hasil hutan hutan bukan kayu<\/a>, yang mampu memberikan tambahan penghasilan bagi penghidupan masyarakat di salah satu provinsi di Indonesia timur ini.<\/p>\n<p>Diperoleh cukup madu hasil panen untuk anggota suku masyarakat dan juga untuk dijual keluar wilayah. Sebanyak 30 ton madu hutan diproduksi dan dipanen setiap tahun dari Gunung Mutis. Jumlah ini merupakan 25 persen dari total produksi madu hutan di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur.<\/p>\n<p>WWF Indonesia bekerjasama dengan kelompok masyakarat Jaringan Masyarakat Mutis (JMM), dalam mengemas dan memberikan merek dagang agar madu hutan bias dipasarkan dengan dampak lebih baik. Inisiatif ini merupakan bagian dari kampanye <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wwf.or.id\/en\/about_wwf\/whatwedo\/pds\/social_development\/green_fairproducts_\/campaign\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Produk Hijau dan Berkeadilan<\/a> WWF-Indonesia. Sebuah kampanye untuk mempromosikan pengembangan produk berkelanjutan yang dipasarkan dengan harga yang wajar.<\/p>\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio:16\/9;min-height:unset;\" class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull has-parallax has-custom-content-position is-position-bottom-center has-aspect-ratio\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-44638 size-full has-parallax\" style=\"background-position:50% 50%;\n\t\t\t\tbackground-image:url(https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/NG_4547-2.jpg)\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-base-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-c7274f9a76ff948295c72066c2502b23\">Pemandangan menakjubkan seorang pemanen madu di siang hari. Pengambilan sarang madu umumnya dilakukan malam hari, mengunakan api untuk mengusir lebar-lebah madu besar (Apis dorsata). Nanang Sujana\/CIFOR<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>Madu hutan\u201cGunung Mutis\u201d dipasarkan terutama ke Jawa, Sulawesi dan Bali. Pengelolaan madu hutan yang berorientasi pasar hijau dan berkeadilan ini merupakan fakta yang penting bagi penelitian Kanoppi, terkait produk hutan bukan kayu dan beragam manfaatnya untuk memastikan peningkatan penghidupan masyarakat lokal.<\/p>\n<p>Kegiatan panen madu hutan tidak ada penebangan pohon sehingga aktivitas ini mempunyai dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan minimal di Mutis-Timau. Selain itu, karena keberlanjutan produksi madu hutan bergantung pada kelestarian seluruh fungsi ekosistem hutan, timbul motivasi kuat bagi masyarakat dalam menjaga kelestarian hutan untuk produksi madu yang berkelanjutan bagi generasi sekarang dan masa depan.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\">\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"622\" height=\"415\" src=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/DSCF6189-1-622x415.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-44637\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/DSCF6189-1-622x415.jpg 622w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/DSCF6189-1-263x176.jpg 263w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/DSCF6189-1-566x377.jpg 566w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/DSCF6189-1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 622px) 100vw, 622px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Berdiri di samping sebatang Eucalyptus alba, atau pohon karet putih. Bunga-bunga pohon adalah sumber madu Gunung Mutis. Nanang Sujana\/CIFOR<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t<\/figure>\n<p><strong>Aturan<\/strong> L<strong>okal, Aturan<\/strong> N<strong>asional<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Memang terdapat tumpang tindih undang-undang dan peraturan pemerintah pusat, provinsi dan kabupaten dalam menentukan cara pemanfaatan produk hutan di setiap wilayah. Penelitian Kanoppi menemukan bahwa masyarakat lokal umumnya tidak menyadari adanya aturan-aturan tersebut dan bagaimana penerapannya dan dampaknya pada produk hutan dan pengelolaannya, yang menjadi tempat bergantungnya penghidupan mereka.<\/p>\n<p>Meskipun demikian, aturan adat sering kali tanpa disadari telah mendukung aturan nasional melalui pengaturan akses masyarakat dalam mengelola hasil hutan bukan kayu di dalam hutan.<\/p>\n<div class='short-image short-image--left'>\n\t\t\t\t<a class='fancybox-image GTMshortImage' href='' target='_self'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__thumb'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img src='' width='260'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__type'><h3><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__title'><h4><\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>Penelitian Kanoppi menemukan bahwa tradisi panen madu hutan di Mutis-Timau merupakan tindakan tatakelola yang berkelanjutan dan efektif dalam melindungi kelestarian hutan. Rekomendasi penelitian Kanoppi untuk melindungi tradisi ini telah menjadi bagian strategi pemerintah kabupaten mengenai tata kelola hasil hutan bukan kayu tingkat bentang alam yang terintegrasi, sebagai dokumen rujukan berbagai instansi pemerintah daerah dan pihak terkait lainnya.<\/p>\n<p>Pada waktu yang lain, masyarakat terdekat mengumpulkan madu terbuat dari bunga dari<em> urophylla Eucalyptus<\/em>, dikenal secara lokal sebagai pohon <em>ampupu<\/em>. Tapi <em>Eucalyptus alba <\/em>madu panen dicadangkan untuk masyarakat Olin-fobia. Saling menghormati di antara masyarakat di lanskap Mutis-Timau untuk tradisi mengenai tata kelola hutan, dan kepentingan bersama dalam kelanjutan dari tradisi-tradisi, yang berlaku memenuhi kebijakan nasional tentang perlindungan hutan.<\/p>\n<p>Rekomendasi riset Kanoppi untuk mendukung tradisi panen madu telah diadopsi dalam strategi pemerintah kabupaten tentang pengelolaan terpadu tingkat bentang alam hasil hutan non-kayu, sebagai acuan bagi instansi pemerintah daerah.<\/p>\n<p>Ani menyatakan bahwa keberhasilan ini menunjukkan bahwa hukum adat sangat berpotensi besar dalam tata kelola sumber alam berkelanjutan. \u201cSelain itu, penelitian ini makin menegaskan perlunya partisipasi lebih besar dari masyarakat setempat dalam penyusunan undang-undang yang berdampak pada mereka dan penghidupan mereka,\u201d katanya.<\/p>\n<p><em>Kontributor<\/em> <em>artikel<\/em> <em>ini: Yeni F. Nomeni, Melki<\/em> <em>Fobia, Novemris<\/em> <em>Tefa<\/em> <em>dan Oktofianus Tanesi<\/em> <em>dari<\/em> <em>Suku Olin-Fobia.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Setiap tahun, penjaga tradisional Cagar Alam Gunung Mutis di pulau Timor Barat, melakukan perjalanan kembali ke tanah leluhur mereka untuk ritual budaya penting &#8211; panen madu hutan. Panen madu tahunan ini tidak hanya penting untuk keberlanjutan tradisi leluhur, namun sekaligus membuktikan, kearifan lokal merupakan kontributor penting bagi keberlangsungan harmoni sosial, mata pencaharian dan pelestarian cagar [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":221,"featured_media":44144,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[182,95,1072],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12222],"tag-bahasa":[6806,2587,2721,2489,2550,2520,6707,2590,2589,2586,2554],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[6538],"class_list":["post-44479","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-community-forestry","category-human-wellbeing","category-landscapes","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-indonesia","tag-bahasa-artikel-pilihan-2016","tag-bahasa-bentang-alam","tag-bahasa-indonesia","tag-bahasa-keanekaragaman-hayati","tag-bahasa-ketahanan-pangan","tag-bahasa-konservasi","tag-bahasa-madu-hutan","tag-bahasa-masyarakat-lokal","tag-bahasa-mata-pencaharian","tag-bahasa-pendekatan-bentang-alam","tag-bahasa-tata-kelola-hutan","type-bahasa-berita"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tradisi Panen Madu Hutan Masyarakat Olin-Fobia - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/44479\/tradisi-panen-madu-hutan-masyarakat-olin-fobia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tradisi Panen Madu Hutan Masyarakat Olin-Fobia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Setiap tahun, penjaga tradisional Cagar Alam Gunung Mutis di pulau Timor Barat, melakukan perjalanan kembali ke tanah leluhur mereka untuk ritual budaya penting &#8211; panen madu hutan. 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