{"id":44318,"date":"2016-09-29T12:00:45","date_gmt":"2016-09-29T05:00:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=44318"},"modified":"2018-02-07T15:49:19","modified_gmt":"2018-02-07T08:49:19","slug":"pengampunan-pajak-ekonomi-hijau-dan-restorasi-gambut","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/44318\/pengampunan-pajak-ekonomi-hijau-dan-restorasi-gambut","title":{"rendered":"Tax amnesty, ekonomi hijau dan restorasi gambut"},"content":{"rendered":"

Menteri Keuangan Sri Mulyani Indrawati menyatakan, pemerintah menargetkan untuk mengumpulkan Rp 165 trilyun dari program pengampunan pajak (tax amnesty<\/em>) tahun ini. Sampai hari Rabu (28\/9) uang tebusan yang terkumpul baru mencapai Rp 75,3 trilyun, namun ia optimis target dapat tercapai.<\/p>\n

Dengan potensi ribuan trilyun rupiah dari program ini, Presiden Joko Widodo berharap dapat menggunakan uang tunai ekstra ini dalam mendorong pembangunan infrastruktur dan memajukan negeri.<\/p>\n

Sejatinya, ada banyak cara agar Presiden dapat mewujudkan hal tersebut. Pada Pertemuan Puncak Hutan Hujan Asia Pasifik (APRS) <\/a>di Brunei Darussalam baru-baru ini, peserta dalam sesi diskusi panel ekonomi hijau menyarankan pemerintah menggunakan uang pengampunan pajak untuk restorasi gambut.<\/p>\n

Seperti kita ketahui, pada 2015, Indonesia mengalami kebakaran yang menghanguskan 2,6 juta hektar lahan dan hutan. Sedikitnya 19 orang tewas, setengah juta penduduk mengalami infeksi pernafasan dan 43 juta orang terpaksa menghirup asap beracun. Estimasi Bank Dunia menyebut kerugian ekonomi mencapai 221 trilyun rupiah.<\/p>\n

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Kemudian pada Januari, pemerintah Indonesia mendirikan Badan Restorasi Gambut (BRG). Lembaga ini bertugas merestorasi 2,2 juta hektar lahan gambut negara, masyarakat dan lahan konsesi dalam lima tahun. Restorasi tersebut mencakup penggenangan gambut, revegetasi dan perbaikan penghidupan.<\/p>\n

Keuangan Berbicara<\/strong><\/p>\n

Upaya ini membutuhkan investasi besar. Biaya penggenangan gambut dapat mencapai Rp 10 juta , revegetasi Rp 10 juta, dan perbaikan penghidupan sebesar Rp 5 juta per hektar. Oleh karena itu, restorasi lahan dan hutan terbakar memerlukan anggaran Rp 55 trilyun dalam lima tahun atau Rp 11 trilyun per tahun.<\/p>\n

Investasi besar restorasi gambut tidak dapat sepenuhnya mengandalkan pemerintah. Dalam ketatnya anggaran pemerintah saat ini, tampaknya BRG tidak akan menerima pendanaan yang cukup. Kemitraan diperlukan. Jika BRG bertanggungjawab menyediakan sepertiga dari jumlah yang diperlukan maka diperlukan Rp 3,7 trilyun per tahun, sisanya harus disediakan oleh sektor swasta dan sumber lain.<\/p>\n

Apabila target Rp 165 trilyun dari pengampunan pajak tercapai, sebanyak 2,2% dari jumlah itu cukup untuk menambah kekurangan anggaran BRG untuk restorasi gambut dan pencegahan bencana kebakaran dan kabut asap. Setidaknya untuk tahun depan.<\/p>\n

Banyak warga negara Indonesia tidak melaporkan pemasukan dan harta mereka untuk menghindari pajak. Sebagian menyimpan uangnya di negara tetangga seperti Singapura. Kini, di bawah payung hukum pengampunan pajak, pemerintah memberikan peluang membayar sejumlah uang sebagai ganti pengampunan pajak.<\/p>\n

Memanfaatkan sebagian uang ini untuk restorasi lahan gambut yang telah rusak akan menjadi jalan mendukung upaya konservasi, sekaligus meredam kritik bahwa program ini dibiayai uang dari kejahatan pajak, korupsi, penebangan dan penangkapan ikan ilegal. Warganegara yang taat pajak juga merasa bahwa pengampunan pajak terasa tidak adil bagi mereka. Bahkan Organisasi Muhammadiyah sedang mengajukan judicial review UU Pengampunan Pajak ini ke Mahkamah Konstitusi.<\/p>\n

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Menyadari sebagian uang pengampunan pajak mungkin berasal dari penebangan ilegal atau korupsi, dan kemudian diinvestasikan dalam restorasi gambut atau sertifikasi hutan, adalah sebuah tawaran resolusi positif.<\/p>\n

Para pembayar pajak peserta program ini berarti telah berpartisipasi dalam ekonomi hijau yang memberi kemanfaatan bersama, selain menjadi bukti bahwa pemerintah juga mendorong program ekonomi hijau dengan sungguh-sunguh. Para kritikus dan berbagai pihak lain dapat menyadari bahwa pengampunan pajak ada manfaatnya bagi kemaslahatan masyarakat banyak dan perbaikan lingkungan.<\/p>\n

Memperkuat Kemitraan<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pada APRS, peserta diskusi menyeru negara-negara Asia Pasifik \u2013 wilayah yang mengalami deforestasi parah \u2013 mengambil langkah bersama dan terukur mendorong kemitraan pemerintah-masyarakat-swasta dalam menurunkan emisi CO2<\/sub>, memenuhi Perjanjian Paris, melindungi hutan dan mengurangi kemiskinan.<\/p>\n

Para pihak yang peduli pada restorasi dan pembangunan gambut ini berkumpul pada Kongres Gambut Internasional ke-15<\/a> di Kuching, Malaysia, 15-19 Agustus lalu. Fokus pertemuan tersebut adalah kerusakan hutan gambut di wilayah tropis. Sementara salah satu tujuan Kongres tersebut adalah mendorong konservasi dan pembangunan berkelanjutan lahan gambut serta membentuk kemitraan.<\/p>\n

Indonesia dapat belajar bagaimana melindungi dan membangun gambut secara berkelanjutan dari negara lain. Pemerintah Malaysia bahkan memiliki visi mengembangkan komoditas gambut, seperti sawit yang sejalan dengan lingkungan hidup dan ekosistem. Tema Kongres, \u201cHarmoni Gambut\u201d, menekankan eratnya hubungan antara faktor lingkungan, industri dan sosio-ekonomi dalam soal gambut.<\/p>\n

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Dari Brunei hingga Kuching, komunitas internasional ramai mendiskusikan keberlanjutan hutan, bentang alam dan gambut. Harmoni antara konservasi dan pembangunan diserukan, dan memang diperlukan.<\/p>\n

Kontribusi besar kehutanan dan industri sawit bagi ekonomi dan penghidupan di wilayah ini memang jelas. Tetapi seringkali manfaat-manfaat lain yang diberikan hutan dikorbankan. Ekonomi hijau akan menjawab banyak tantangan menyeimbangkan nilai modal alam dengan kebutuhan membangun perekonomian.<\/p>\n

Dalam hal ini, uang pengampunan pajak, mampu dan seharusnya memainkan peran penting dalam ekonomi hijau. Berinvestasi pada restorasi gambut akan menjadi awal yang baik.<\/p>\n

Rakyat Indonesia akan lebih menyambut pengampunan pajak, jika program ini tidak hanya menyoal ekonomi semata tetapi juga pengurangan kemiskinan, pengembangan usaha kecil dan menengah, konservasi lingkungan dan reduksi emisi \u2013 seperti digarisbawahi dalam ekonomi hijau.<\/p>\n

Jika itu terwujud, Presiden Jokowi tidak hanya berhasil dalam pemulihan ekonomi, tetapi juga memenangkan hati rakyat.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Menteri Keuangan Sri Mulyani Indrawati menyatakan, pemerintah menargetkan untuk mengumpulkan Rp 165 trilyun dari program pengampunan pajak (tax amnesty) tahun ini. Sampai hari Rabu (28\/9) uang tebusan yang terkumpul baru mencapai Rp 75,3 trilyun, namun ia optimis target dapat tercapai. Dengan potensi ribuan trilyun rupiah dari program ini, Presiden Joko Widodo berharap dapat menggunakan uang […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":147,"featured_media":44322,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,182,161,137,6090,173,13,95,190],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12222],"tag-bahasa":[6806,6562,2522,2565,2567,2906,2721,6682,2616,2520,2680,2622,2564,6693,2538,6692],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3087],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[1632],"class_list":["post-44318","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-community-forestry","category-deforestation","category-forest-management-restoration","category-forests-news","category-gender-justice-tenure","category-governance","category-human-wellbeing","category-peatlands","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-indonesia","tag-bahasa-artikel-pilihan-2016","tag-bahasa-badan-restorasi-gambut","tag-bahasa-deforestasi","tag-bahasa-ekonomi-hijau","tag-bahasa-gas-rumah-kaca","tag-bahasa-herry-purnomo","tag-bahasa-indonesia","tag-bahasa-industri-ekstraktif","tag-bahasa-kelapa-sawit","tag-bahasa-konservasi","tag-bahasa-lahan-basah","tag-bahasa-lahan-gambut","tag-bahasa-pemerintahan","tag-bahasa-pengampunan-pajak","tag-bahasa-target-pengurangan-emisi","tag-bahasa-tax-amnesty","type-bahasa-analisis"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nTax amnesty, ekonomi hijau dan restorasi gambut - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/44318\/pengampunan-pajak-ekonomi-hijau-dan-restorasi-gambut\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tax amnesty, ekonomi hijau dan restorasi gambut\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Menteri Keuangan Sri Mulyani Indrawati menyatakan, pemerintah menargetkan untuk mengumpulkan Rp 165 trilyun dari program pengampunan pajak (tax amnesty) tahun ini. 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Dengan potensi ribuan trilyun rupiah dari program ini, Presiden Joko Widodo berharap dapat menggunakan uang […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/44318\/pengampunan-pajak-ekonomi-hijau-dan-restorasi-gambut\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-09-29T05:00:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-02-07T08:49:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/8206684437_5cbe7f0cc9.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"290\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Herry Purnomo\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/44318\\\/pengampunan-pajak-ekonomi-hijau-dan-restorasi-gambut#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/44318\\\/pengampunan-pajak-ekonomi-hijau-dan-restorasi-gambut\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Herry Purnomo\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/88063a0cf65c7a301de7240fe11a440b\"},\"headline\":\"Tax amnesty, ekonomi hijau dan restorasi gambut\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-09-29T05:00:45+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-02-07T08:49:19+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/44318\\\/pengampunan-pajak-ekonomi-hijau-dan-restorasi-gambut\"},\"wordCount\":755,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/44318\\\/pengampunan-pajak-ekonomi-hijau-dan-restorasi-gambut#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2016\\\/09\\\/8206684437_5cbe7f0cc9.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Climate change & energy\",\"Community forestry\",\"Deforestation\",\"Forest management & restoration\",\"Forests News\",\"Gender, justice & tenure\",\"Governance\",\"Human well-being\",\"Peatlands\"],\"inLanguage\":\"id\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/44318\\\/pengampunan-pajak-ekonomi-hijau-dan-restorasi-gambut#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2016\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/44318\\\/pengampunan-pajak-ekonomi-hijau-dan-restorasi-gambut\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/44318\\\/pengampunan-pajak-ekonomi-hijau-dan-restorasi-gambut\",\"name\":\"Tax amnesty, ekonomi hijau dan restorasi gambut - 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