{"id":44242,"date":"2016-09-27T12:00:35","date_gmt":"2016-09-27T05:00:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=44242"},"modified":"2018-02-07T15:18:23","modified_gmt":"2018-02-07T08:18:23","slug":"mempelajari-penyebab-deforestasi-di-kalimantan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/44242\/mempelajari-penyebab-deforestasi-di-kalimantan","title":{"rendered":"Mempelajari penyebab deforestasi di Kalimantan"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Perdebatan mengenai hilangnya hutan di Kalimantan pada umumnya terfokus pada seberapa besar kesalahan perkebunan tanaman industri dalam hal ini. Kubu konservasi menyalahkan sawit dan kertas atas kerusakan hutan hujan tropis. Sementara kubu perkebunan berkilah, perluasan tanaman dilakukan di atas lahan terdeforestasi.<\/p>\n<p>Sampai saat ini, kedua belah pihak sama-sama kurang memiliki bukti pembenaran atas klaim tersebut.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cCeritanya rumit, karena penyebab deforestasi itu banyak. Sampai saat ini kita kurang memiliki informasi yang dapat membedakan mana yang disebut perkebunan baik dan mana yang perkebunan jahat,\u201d kata Douglas Sheil dari Norwegian University of Life Science.<\/p>\n<p>Sebuah <u><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/library\/6227\/rapid-conversions-and-avoided-deforestation-examining-four-decades-of-industrial-plantation-expansion-in-borneo\/\">penelitian terbaru<\/a><\/u> yang dipublikasikan di dalam Scientific Reports, Sheil dan para ilmuwan menelisik lebih dari 400 citra satelit Landsat pulau Kalimantan antara tahun 1973 hingga tahun 2015 untuk menyusuri jejak deforestasi dan degradasi hutan seiring terjadinya perluasan perkebunan. Dampak kekeringan dan kebakaran terkait El Nino juga menjadi salah satu faktor yang dipertimbangkan.<\/p>\n\n<p>Menurut penelitian ini, pada tahun 1973, sebanyak 76 persen, atau 55,8 juta hektare lahan di Kalimantan adalah hutan hujan tua. Ilmuwan menyatakan bahwa 18,7 juta hektare hutan digunduli antara tahun 1973 hingga tahun 2015. Dan terjadi perluasan perkebunan hutan industri sebesar 9,1 juta hektare.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"short-iframe--fullwidth\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/map\/borneo12-compare\/\" width=\"100%\" class=\"vh90\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"text-center\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>Pada tahun 2015, 50 persen pulau yang dihuni oleh Malaysia, Indonesia dan Brunei ini masih berhutan. Sebanyak 28 persen hutan hujan tua dan 12 persen tertutupi perkebunan tanaman industri.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cKami menghitung jeda antara deforestasi dan pendirian perkebunan tanaman industri. Alasan kami, sejalan dengan generalisasi statistikal, perkebunan industri yang berkembang cepat setelah penggundulan hutan memang bertanggungjawab terhadap penggundulan. Sementara jeda lebih lama cenderung menunjukkan bahwa perkebunan itu menghindari deforestasi langsung,\u201d kata David Gaveau, ilmuwan <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional <\/a> (CIFOR), sekaligus penulis utama penelitian ini.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Membuat Perbandingan<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Penelitian menemukan pola kontras antara kecepatan konversi Indonesia dan Malaysia, yaitu beda waktu antara deforestasi dan pembangunan. Di Malaysia, konversi cepat lahan menjadi perkebunan lebih besar, yaitu 57-60 persen dari keseluruhan deforestasi sejak tahun 1973. Sementara di Indonesia tercatat 15-16 persen.<\/p>\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio:16\/9;min-height:unset;\" class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull has-parallax has-custom-content-position is-position-bottom-center has-aspect-ratio\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-44253 size-full has-parallax\" style=\"background-position:50% 50%;\n\t\t\t\tbackground-image:url(https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Drone-fire-burning-Sabangau-forest-edge_2015-2_Photo-by-OuTrop-2.jpg)\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-base-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-c7274f9a76ff948295c72066c2502b23\">Kebakaran terjadi di lahan terdegradasi di Taman Nasional Sebangau, Kalimantan Tengah Oktober 2015. Bernat Ripoll\/Borneo Nature Foundation<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>\u201cDari 15-16 persen deforestasi di Kalimantan yang termasuk kategori konversi cepat, sebanyak 11-13 persennya menjadi sawit. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas perkebunan sawit dikembangkan di lahan terdegradasi, yaitu hutan terkonversi menjadi paku-pakuan, rumput dan semak akibat kekeringan dan kebakaran berulang, terutama selama tahun El Nino,\u201d kata Gaveau saat <a href=\"http:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/CIFOR\/four-decades-of-forest-degradation-fire-and-oil-palm-expansion-in-borneo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">presentasi<\/a> di <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/cifor-at-atbc-2016\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Pertemuan Tahunan Asosiasi Biologi dan Konservasi Tropis<\/a> 2016.<\/p>\n<p>Bahwa banyak perkebunan sawit di Kalimantan dibangun di atas hutan terbakar, memang menjadi pemicu perdebatan apakah sawit merupakan penyebab utama deforestasi di wilayah ini.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBanyak orang berpendapat bahwa perkebunan seharusnya dikembangkan di atas lahan terdegradasi, dan dengan susah payah \u2013 kami temukan \u2013 bahwa di Kalimantan, inilah yang mayoritas terjadi,\u201d kata Sheil. Di Malaysia, penelitian menyatakan bahwa perkebunan industri adalah penyebab utama hilangnya hutan karena cepatnya tingkat konversi.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-content-justification-center is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-23441af8 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img width=\"738\" height=\"415\" src=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/degraded-lands1_gaveau-1-1-738x415.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-44252\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/degraded-lands1_gaveau-1-1-738x415.jpg 738w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/degraded-lands1_gaveau-1-1-566x318.jpg 566w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/degraded-lands1_gaveau-1-1-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 738px) 100vw, 738px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Lahan kritis dapat membentuk banyak tipe, tertutupi dengan tanaman pakis, rumput dan semak <a href=\"\"><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img width=\"553\" height=\"415\" src=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Tebo2-017-1-553x415.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-44255\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Tebo2-017-1-553x415.jpg 553w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Tebo2-017-1-533x400.jpg 533w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Tebo2-017-1-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Tebo2-017-1-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 553px) 100vw, 553px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Lahan kritis di Tebo, Kalimantan Timur berubah bentuk menjadi tanah kupas dan tungul-tunggul pohon <a href=\"\"><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>Dilihat dari perspektif itu, Indonesia terlihat jauh lebih baik daripada yang banyak diasumsikan.<\/p>\n<p>Tetapi, ilmuwan menemukan terjadinya perubahan pada tahun 2005.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSejak tahun 2005, Kalimantan mengalami ledakan pembangunan perkebunan. Lebih dari separuh perkebunan yang ada saat ini berdiri mulai di tahun tersebut, dan ada peningkatan tajam konversi cepat hutan menjadi perkebunan. Kalimantan menjadi kontributor utama konversi cepat hutan berdasarkan area. Meskipun penanaman dilakukan di lahan terdegradasi, deforestasi tetap sangat tinggi di Indonesia dan Malaysia. Tanda-tanda perlambatan belum terlihat,\u201d kata Gaveau.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMasih diperlukan banyak upaya untuk melindungi hutan Kalimantan,\u201d tambahnya.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Topik Hangat<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Fokus terhadap kompleksitas proses deforestasi menjadi penting, khususnya di tengah meningkatnya seruan boikot produk sawit.<\/p>\n<div class='short-image short-image--left'>\n\t\t\t\t<a class='fancybox-image GTMshortImage' href='' target='_self'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__thumb'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img src='' width='260'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__type'><h3><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__title'><h4><\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>\u201cEkspansi sawit meningkat sepanjang waktu, dan berkembang dalam konteks lokal yang berbeda. Dengan demikian, ekspansi ini terjadi pada beragam jenis pemanfaatan lahan, mulai dari hutan, sistem agroforestri dan lahan terdegradasi. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa beragam dinamika pemanfaatan lahan terkait dengan ekspansi sawit,\u201d kata Pablo Pacheco, ilmuwan utama CIFOR dan penulis pendamping dalam riset ini.<\/p>\n<p>Sudah tidak mungkin lagi melakukan generalisasi terhadap lintasan perkembangan sawit dan dugaan dampaknya.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSawit tidak selalu menjadi hal buruk,\u201d kata Sheil. \u201cSawit memberi pemasukkan berarti bagi masyarakat dan sangat efisien dari segi hasil untuk lahan yang terbatas. Saya khawatir kita menstigmatisasi seluruh tanaman \u2013 padahal bukan tanamannya yang menjadi masalah, tetapi di mana kita menanamnya.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Pendamping penulis penelitian yang lain, Erik Meijaard dari Borneo Futures Project menyatakan, fakta hasil penelitian ini diperlukan dalam debat terkait industri ekstraktif.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cDebat sawit sangat terpolarisasi antara kubu pecinta dan pembenci dengan bumbu dendam. Masih banyak yang belum bisa dikuantifikasi terkait pengembangan dan hubungan sebab-akibat sawit,\u201d katanya.<\/p>\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio:16\/9;min-height:unset;\" class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull has-parallax has-custom-content-position is-position-bottom-center has-aspect-ratio\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-44251 size-full has-parallax\" style=\"background-position:50% 50%;\n\t\t\t\tbackground-image:url(https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/7208379998_85c4290c3a_k-1.jpg)\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-base-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-c7274f9a76ff948295c72066c2502b23\">Pekerja perkebunan kelapa sawit bersantai di perumahan yang difasilitasi oleh perkebunan di Jambi. James Maiden \/ CIFOR<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>Penelitian ini menyoroti peran utama  berulangnya kebakaran hutan dan lahan dalam deforestasi di Kalimantan. Dan sebuah pertanyaan penting yang muncul, adakah bukti regenerasi hutan alam skala besar di lahan tersebut.<\/p>\n<p>Padahal regenerasi lahan terdegradasi adalah aspek penting lain dalam dinamika pemanfaatan lahan terkait dengan sawit.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSejauh ini, sedikit penelitian yang ada menunjukkan lemahnya regenerasi lahan terdegradasi. Mungkin lebih baik merancang lahan terdegradasi untuk kebutuhan pertanian, karena lahan terdegradasi menimbulkan masalah kesehatan dari asap beracun yang dilepaskan saat terbakar,\u201d kata Gaveau.<\/p>\n<p>Sejalan dengan pembentukan Badan Restorasi Gambut oleh pemerintah Indonesia pada tahun 2016, upaya mengatasi pengeringan lahan dan kebakaran, serta gerakan menemukan perusahaan yang bertanggungjawab atas kebakaran di lahan perkebunan mereka tengah dilakukan.<\/p>\n<div class='short-video sv_new short-video--left' >\n            <a class='short-video-trigger GTMshortVideo' href='#' data-video-url=''>\n                <div class='short-video__thumb'>\n                    <img src='' width='260' alt=''>\n                    <div class='short-video__icon'><i class='fa fa-play-circle-o'><\/i><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class='short-video__type'><\/div>\n                <div class='short-video__title'><\/div>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n<p><strong>Jalan Tengah<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Peta kronologis Kalimantan yang diteliti tersedia secara daring. Masyarakat dapat mencari tahu dan menelaah kehilangan dan konversi hutan menjadi perkebunan. Bagi Sheil, transparansi penelitian mereka, termasuk dengan adanya peta adalah kunci kemajuan dalam masalah ini.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBanyak titik terang dalam sistem terbuka, sistem daring yang mampu menunjukkan konsesi dan sejarah pemanfaatan lahan,\u201d katanya. \u201cKejutan besarnya adalah kami menemukan banyaknya penanaman pada lahan terdeforestasi. Jadi kita perlu memberi penghargaan untuk ini tanpa kehilangan pandangan berapa banyak hutan telah hilang.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAnalisis lebih jauh diperlukan untuk melihat ke luar perkebunan sawit. Menangkap dinamika ekspansi sawit di lahan petani kecil, dan bagaimana aktor lain, termasuk investor lokal, membentuk dinamika pemanfaatan lahan terkait dengan ekspansi sawit\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Meijaard menambahkan, \u201cData kami jelas menunjukkan bahwa sawit dan perkebunan industri memainkan peran besar dalam deforestasi, tetapi ini bukan seluruh cerita. Kita perlu menemukan jalan tengah untuk melangkah maju.\u201d<\/p>\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio:16\/9;min-height:unset;\" class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull has-parallax has-custom-content-position is-position-bottom-center has-aspect-ratio\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-44254 size-full has-parallax\" style=\"background-position:50% 50%;\n\t\t\t\tbackground-image:url(https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/sunset-danau-sentarum_gaveau-1.jpg)\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-base-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-c7274f9a76ff948295c72066c2502b23\">Matahari terbenam di atas Danau Sentarum di Kalimantan Barat. David Gaveau \/ CIFOR<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Perdebatan mengenai hilangnya hutan di Kalimantan pada umumnya terfokus pada seberapa besar kesalahan perkebunan tanaman industri dalam hal ini. Kubu konservasi menyalahkan sawit dan kertas atas kerusakan hutan hujan tropis. Sementara kubu perkebunan berkilah, perluasan tanaman dilakukan di atas lahan terdeforestasi. Sampai saat ini, kedua belah pihak sama-sama kurang memiliki bukti pembenaran atas klaim tersebut. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":220,"featured_media":43891,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,161],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12222],"tag-bahasa":[6683,6592,3178,2522,3512,2898,2721,6682,2548,2616,6684,2726,2924,5423,2639,2554],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3087],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[6428],"class_list":["post-44242","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-deforestation","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-indonesia","tag-bahasa-borneo-futures-project","tag-bahasa-brunei-darussalam","tag-bahasa-david-gaveau","tag-bahasa-deforestasi","tag-bahasa-douglas-sheil","tag-bahasa-erik-meijaard","tag-bahasa-indonesia","tag-bahasa-industri-ekstraktif","tag-bahasa-kebakaran-hutan","tag-bahasa-kelapa-sawit","tag-bahasa-landsat-imagery","tag-bahasa-malaysia","tag-bahasa-pablo-pacheco","tag-bahasa-penginderaan-jarak-jauh","tag-bahasa-pulp-dan-kertas","tag-bahasa-tata-kelola-hutan","type-bahasa-analisis"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Mempelajari penyebab deforestasi di Kalimantan - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/44242\/mempelajari-penyebab-deforestasi-di-kalimantan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mempelajari penyebab deforestasi di Kalimantan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Perdebatan mengenai hilangnya hutan di Kalimantan pada umumnya terfokus pada seberapa besar kesalahan perkebunan tanaman industri dalam hal ini. Kubu konservasi menyalahkan sawit dan kertas atas kerusakan hutan hujan tropis. Sementara kubu perkebunan berkilah, perluasan tanaman dilakukan di atas lahan terdeforestasi. Sampai saat ini, kedua belah pihak sama-sama kurang memiliki bukti pembenaran atas klaim tersebut. [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/44242\/mempelajari-penyebab-deforestasi-di-kalimantan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-09-27T05:00:35+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-02-07T08:18:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/5177914438_21f7ec4f4d_b-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"683\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Deanna Ramsay\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@deanna_ramsay\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/44242\\\/mempelajari-penyebab-deforestasi-di-kalimantan#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/44242\\\/mempelajari-penyebab-deforestasi-di-kalimantan\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Deanna Ramsay\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/d7263907b1c701110691c35c363abae3\"},\"headline\":\"Mempelajari penyebab deforestasi di Kalimantan\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-09-27T05:00:35+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-02-07T08:18:23+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/44242\\\/mempelajari-penyebab-deforestasi-di-kalimantan\"},\"wordCount\":1008,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/44242\\\/mempelajari-penyebab-deforestasi-di-kalimantan#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2016\\\/09\\\/5177914438_21f7ec4f4d_b-1.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Climate change &amp; 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