{"id":41814,"date":"2016-06-07T09:30:07","date_gmt":"2016-06-07T02:30:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=41814"},"modified":"2018-02-07T15:20:43","modified_gmt":"2018-02-07T08:20:43","slug":"swasta-dapat-membantu-pemerintah-mencapai-target-iklim-nasional","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/41814\/swasta-dapat-membantu-pemerintah-mencapai-target-iklim-nasional","title":{"rendered":"Swasta dapat membantu pemerintah mencapai target iklim nasional"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Kesepakatan Paris dibuat oleh para negara-negara ditujukan bagi &#8216;Intended Nationally Determined Contributions <a href=\"http:\/\/www4.unfccc.int\/submissions\/INDC\/Submission%20Pages\/submissions.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">(INDCs<\/a>)&#8217; \u2013 peta arahan nasional yang berguna untuk membatasi pemanasan global menjadi 1,5 \u00b0 C. Di Asia, mencegah emisi dari perubahan tata guna lahan merupakan jalan yang paling jelas untuk memberikan komitmen nasional.<\/p>\n<p>Para pelaku sektor swasta besar, menanggapi timbulnya tekanan dari konsumen dan masyarakat sipil akan hal ini, menjadi pemimpin di berbagai wilayah. Puluhan perusahaan  berupaya untuk <a href=\"http:\/\/www.theconsumergoodsforum.com\/sustainability-strategic-focus\/sustainability-resolutions\/deforestation-resolution\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">memenuhi nol deforestasi<\/a> dan target <a href=\"http:\/\/www.simedarby.com\/upload\/Sustainable_Palm_Oil_Manifesto.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">minyak sawit berkelanjutan<\/a>. Dan banyak bank melakukan penilaian kembali risiko yang terkait dengan berbagai investasi yang tidak memenuhi standar sosial dan lingkungan tertentu.<\/p>\n<p>Nampaknya seperti solusi yang tepat bagi para negara untuk berhadapan dengan berbagai tantangan tantangan untuk memenuhi target mitigasi iklim dengan keuangan yang terbatas.<\/p>\n<p>Sebuah <a href=\"https:\/\/www.winrock.org\/document\/role-of-agriculture-forestry-and-other-land-use-mitigation-in-indcs-and-national-policy-in-asia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">laporan terbaru<\/a> yang merujuk INDCs dari tujuh negara di Asia menemukan bahwa terjadi pengabaian dari sebagian besar pengakuan terhadap potensi kontribusi sektor swasta untuk pemenuhan target iklim nasional terkait dengan mitigasi melalui tata guna lahan.<\/p>\n<p><strong>POTENSI BESAR<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pertanian, kehutanan dan penggunaan lahan lainnya (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/pdf\/assessment-report\/ar5\/wg3\/ipcc_wg3_ar5_chapter11.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">AFOLU<\/a>) mewakili 20-24% dari emisi (GRK) gas rumah kaca global. <a href=\"http:\/\/unfccc.int\/resource\/docs\/2015\/cop21\/eng\/07.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Kesepakatan Paris<\/a> secara resmi mengakui peran sektor AFOLU dalam mitigasi perubahan iklim dan menyatakan bahwa semua pihak harus mengambil tindakan untuk melestarikan dan menambahkan karbon GRK dan berbagai simpanan lain-lain.<\/p>\n<div class='short-quote'>\n\t\t\t<blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<footer>\n\t\t\t\t\t<cite title='Source Title'><\/cite>\n\t\t\t\t<\/footer>\n\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<p>Jika Anda mempertimbangkan semua cara teknis yang laik bagi pengurangan emisi-emisi ini, di semua gas-gas rumah kaca, kurang lebih antara <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/publications_and_data\/ar4\/wg3\/en\/contents.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">550 dan 1.300 juta ton<\/a> CO<sub>2<\/sub> bisa diselamatkan setiap tahun 2030. Wilayah Asia memberikan hampir semua potensi mitigasi global untuk budidaya padi, termasuk potensi terbesar bagi pemulihan tanah organik (karena budidaya di lahan gambut di Asia Tenggara).<\/p>\n<p>Oleh karena itu, bagi benua Asia, jika Anda tidak terfokus pada upaya mitigasi iklim di AFOLU, Anda tidak mengatasi perubahan iklim. Dan jika Anda tidak berfokus pada peran sektor swasta, Anda harus juga mempertimbangkan apa yang mungkin menjadi sumber yang paling penting dari keuangan dan kapasitas untuk memenuhi mitigasi dan adaptasi target nasional.<\/p>\n<p><strong>BIAYA TINGGI<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Di antara saat ini dan 2030, INDC akan berkembang menjadi Tekad Kontribusi Nasional (Nationally Determined Contributions), yang segera perlu diperbaharui &#8211; dan ditingkatkan &#8211; setiap lima tahun sekali. Proses ini memberikan peluang bagi para negara untuk secara lebih detil menjelaskan pendanaan mereka dan untuk mendapatkan akses seraya terus menerus terlibat dalam perkembangan pembiayaan iklim global.<\/p>\n<p>Mengingat skala investasi yang dibutuhkan dan keragaman jasa keuangan dan produk yang dibutuhkan (investasi jangka panjang, kredit skala kecil, asuransi dan lain lain), jelas lah bahwa baik keuangan swasta dan publik akan dibutuhkan.<\/p>\n<p>Semakin banyak, para pemberi pinjaman swasta membutuhkan para peminjam untuk bergabung menerapkan standar lingkungan, sosial dan tata kelola yang lebih tinggi sebagai kondisi untuk menerima dana pinjaman. Sehingga, keuangan pribadi dapat menjadi sumber penting modal untuk mendanai proyek-proyek pertanian yang mendukung pencapaian tujuan iklim nasional.<\/p>\n\n<p>Namun sebagian besar negara gagal untuk membuat keterkaitan ini ke dalam INDC mereka.<\/p>\n<p><strong>TANDA YANG HILANG<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Studi ini menganalisis bagaimana strategi pembangunan rendah emisi (LED) untuk AFOLU termasuk dalam INDC dan rencana-rencana pembangunan nasional serta berbagai strategi di Bangladesh, Kamboja, India, Indonesia, Laos, Thailand dan Vietnam. Negara-negara ini dipilih karena mereka mewakili berbagai profil emisi AFOLU dan berbagai prioritas pembangunan.<\/p>\n<p>Kontribusi dari saya dalam laporan ini difokuskan pada analisa bagaimana INDC diusulkan dapat membantu membiayai pelaksanaan mitigasi dan adaptasi guna mencapai tujuan nasional, terutama dari sektor AFOLU.<\/p>\n<p>Kebanyakan INDC mengutip perlunya dukungan internasional dalam bentuk keuangan, teknologi dan peningkatan kapasitas. Beberapa negara telah memberikan biaya perkiraan dan tingkat dukungan yang diperlukan.<\/p>\n<p>Sayangnya tak satu pun membuat catatan tentang potensi kontribusi dari perusahaan swasta yang telah membuat komitmen dalam beberapa tahun terakhir untuk mengurangi emisi yang berhubungan dengan produksi skala besar, perdagangan dan manufaktur dari kayu dan komoditas pertanian. Dimana peran sektor swasta telah disebutkan di dalam INDC, tapi tidak ada langkah-langkah konkret yang diberikan untuk meningkatkan potensi tersebut.<\/p>\n\n<p>Secara signifikan, INDC tidak mempertimbangkan tren penyedia jasa keuangan untuk membiayai investasi AFOLU yang mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca \u2013 secara potensi terdapat dalam skala yang sangat besar.<\/p>\n<p>Untuk saat ini, bank-bank global utama telah menjadi pemimpin di lingkungan, sosial, pemerintahan (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Environmental,_social_and_corporate_governance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">ESG<\/a>) pinjaman. Tapi sampai saat ini perusahaan-perusahaan yang tidak mau mengambil standar ESG bisa dengan mudah beralih ke bank domestik untuk mendapatkan pinjaman, seringkali dengan harga yang bersaing.<\/p>\n<p>Akhir-akhir ini, meski, Singapura dan regulator sektor keuangan Indonesia telah mulai memastikan bahwa bank-bank komersial nasional mereka mulai menerapkan standar pinjaman ESG untuk proyek-proyek yang mereka danai, termasuk yang secara khusus terfokus pada sektor AFOLU. Dan, sebagai insentif, HSBC sekarang menawarkan pembiayaan diskonto untuk minyak sawit bersertifikat RSPO.<\/p>\n<p>Jika berhasil diterapkan, langkah-langkah ini secara signifikan dapat mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca dari sektor penggunaan lahan.<\/p>\n\n<p>Secara singkat, penelitian kami menunjukkan ada keterbatasan pemahaman mengenai kepemimpinan sektor swasta di wilayah ini. Sektor keuangan swasta dan komitmen perusahaan-perusahaan swasta untuk menghasilkan komoditas secara berkelanjutan dapat memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan untuk komitmen nasional. Mendapatkan pengetahuan tentang cara-cara pasar mengendalikan perubahan perilaku perusahaan merupakan langkah awal untuk menjembatani kesenjangan antara komitmen sektor nasional dan swasta.<\/p>\n<p>Ucapan terima kasih: Alemayehu Zeleke, Thuy Phung, Natcha Tulyasuwan, Robert O&#8217;Sullivan, Steven Lawry, 2016, \u201cRole of Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use Mitigation in INDCs and National Policy in Asia.\u201d USAID mendanai program USAID LEAF (Lowering Emissions in Asia\u2019s Forests) terkait bantuan dana dan teknis untuk publikasi ini.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kesepakatan Paris dibuat oleh para negara-negara ditujukan bagi &#8216;Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs)&#8217; \u2013 peta arahan nasional yang berguna untuk membatasi pemanasan global menjadi 1,5 \u00b0 C. Di Asia, mencegah emisi dari perubahan tata guna lahan merupakan jalan yang paling jelas untuk memberikan komitmen nasional. Para pelaku sektor swasta besar, menanggapi timbulnya tekanan dari konsumen [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":166,"featured_media":41828,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,161,13],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12215],"tag-bahasa":[6542,2567,6541,2616,6367,2520,2512,2848,3680,6319,6543,2538],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3087],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[1917],"class_list":["post-41814","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-deforestation","category-governance","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-global","tag-bahasa-afolu","tag-bahasa-gas-rumah-kaca","tag-bahasa-intended-nationally-determined-contributions","tag-bahasa-kelapa-sawit","tag-bahasa-kesepakatan-paris","tag-bahasa-konservasi","tag-bahasa-negosiasi-iklim","tag-bahasa-panel-antarpemerintah-tentang-perubahan-iklim","tag-bahasa-perubahan-iklim","tag-bahasa-steve-lawry","tag-bahasa-strategi-pembangunan-rendah-emisi","tag-bahasa-target-pengurangan-emisi","type-bahasa-analisis"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Swasta dapat membantu pemerintah mencapai target iklim nasional - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/41814\/swasta-dapat-membantu-pemerintah-mencapai-target-iklim-nasional\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Swasta dapat membantu pemerintah mencapai target iklim nasional\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kesepakatan Paris dibuat oleh para negara-negara ditujukan bagi &#8216;Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs)&#8217; \u2013 peta arahan nasional yang berguna untuk membatasi pemanasan global menjadi 1,5 \u00b0 C. Di Asia, mencegah emisi dari perubahan tata guna lahan merupakan jalan yang paling jelas untuk memberikan komitmen nasional. Para pelaku sektor swasta besar, menanggapi timbulnya tekanan dari konsumen [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/41814\/swasta-dapat-membantu-pemerintah-mencapai-target-iklim-nasional\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-06-07T02:30:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-02-07T08:20:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/12183879103_8bbd35decc.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"333\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Steven Lawry\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@StevenLawry\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/41814\\\/swasta-dapat-membantu-pemerintah-mencapai-target-iklim-nasional#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/41814\\\/swasta-dapat-membantu-pemerintah-mencapai-target-iklim-nasional\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Steven Lawry\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/5942b6d0ff3ed3c48e88caf93868a07a\"},\"headline\":\"Swasta dapat membantu pemerintah mencapai target iklim nasional\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-06-07T02:30:07+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-02-07T08:20:43+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/41814\\\/swasta-dapat-membantu-pemerintah-mencapai-target-iklim-nasional\"},\"wordCount\":869,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/41814\\\/swasta-dapat-membantu-pemerintah-mencapai-target-iklim-nasional#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2016\\\/06\\\/12183879103_8bbd35decc.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Climate change &amp; energy\",\"Deforestation\",\"Governance\"],\"inLanguage\":\"id\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/41814\\\/swasta-dapat-membantu-pemerintah-mencapai-target-iklim-nasional#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2016\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/41814\\\/swasta-dapat-membantu-pemerintah-mencapai-target-iklim-nasional\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/41814\\\/swasta-dapat-membantu-pemerintah-mencapai-target-iklim-nasional\",\"name\":\"Swasta dapat membantu pemerintah mencapai target iklim nasional - Landscape Alliance Forests News\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/41814\\\/swasta-dapat-membantu-pemerintah-mencapai-target-iklim-nasional#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/41814\\\/swasta-dapat-membantu-pemerintah-mencapai-target-iklim-nasional#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2016\\\/06\\\/12183879103_8bbd35decc.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-06-07T02:30:07+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-02-07T08:20:43+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/41814\\\/swasta-dapat-membantu-pemerintah-mencapai-target-iklim-nasional#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"id\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/41814\\\/swasta-dapat-membantu-pemerintah-mencapai-target-iklim-nasional\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"id\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/41814\\\/swasta-dapat-membantu-pemerintah-mencapai-target-iklim-nasional#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2016\\\/06\\\/12183879103_8bbd35decc.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2016\\\/06\\\/12183879103_8bbd35decc.jpg\",\"width\":500,\"height\":333,\"caption\":\"Pertanian cabai di kaki gunung Gede Pangrango. 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He was formerly director of CIFOR\u2019s Forests and Governance Research portfolio. His research focuses on the effects of land tenure and resource governance regimes on social, economic and environmental outcomes. An example of his recent research is a systematic review of the literature on the impact of land rights formalization on agricultural productivity and investment in Latin America, Africa and Asia, published in January 2014. Dr. Lawry has published studies and scholarly articles on the social and ecological effects resulting from the devolution of forest rights from state authorities to communities in developing countries; the governance of land use in customary tenure regimes in sub-Saharan Africa; and tenure factors affecting adoption of agroforestry technologies in West Africa, among other topics. He received a PhD from the Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1988. Also in 1988, he joined the research staff of UW-Madison\u2019s Land Tenure Center (LTC), and became LTC\u2019s Associate Director in charge of Africa programs in 1990. Dr. Lawry served as Global Practice Leader for Land Tenure and Property Rights at DAI, a Washington-based development-consulting group, from December 2011 to July 2014. He headed the USAID-funded Sudan Property Rights Program in 2010 and 2011, which helped the Government of South Sudan develop a national land policy. Dr. Lawry held senior positions in the Ford Foundation from 1992 to 2006. From 1992 to 1997 he led the Foundation\u2019s grant programs in Namibia, and from his base in Windhoek managed grants in support of South Africa\u2019s post-apartheid land reform program. He was head of the Foundation\u2019s Office for the Middle East and North Africa, in Cairo, from 1997 to 2001. He served in the Foundation\u2019s New York headquarters as Director of the Office of Management Services from 2001 to 2006. He was president of Antioch College, in Yellow Springs, Ohio, in 2006 and 2007. 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