{"id":40563,"date":"2016-03-13T21:15:05","date_gmt":"2016-03-13T14:15:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=40563"},"modified":"2016-03-13T21:21:41","modified_gmt":"2016-03-13T14:21:41","slug":"konservasi-hutan-di-negara-kolombia-antara-tradisi-tabu-dan-berburu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/40563\/konservasi-hutan-di-negara-kolombia-antara-tradisi-tabu-dan-berburu","title":{"rendered":"Konservasi hutan di Kolombia: Antara tradisi, tabu dan berburu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ketika Sara Armas D\u00edaz berburu, ia berhenti sebelum masuk hutan dan berdoa untuk ruh hutan.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSaya membawa batang yang dibakar dan menyebut nama-nama hewan yang saya inginkan, dan dalam waktu singkat, saya melihatnya,\u201d kata Armas, 51, seorang nenek suku Cocama yang mempelajari ritual tersebut dari kakeknya ketika mereka membawanya berburu pertama kali pada usia 10.<\/p>\n<p>Dalam masyarakat sepanjang Sungai Loretoyacu di Cagar Alam Ticoya atau resguardo, wilayah tempat masyarakat adat Ticuna, Cocama dan Yagua, banyak pemburu bercerita pertemuan dengan ruh hutan yang membantu atau melarang mereka berburu di tempat tertentu.<\/p>\n<p>Pertemuan tersebut, digabung dengan praktik terkait pengolahan daging sebelum dimakan, berlangsung secara tradisonal dalam wilayah buru terkendali, demikian menurut para peneliti Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional (CIFOR).<\/p>\n<p><strong>TEMPAT KERAMAT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Para peneliti mempelajari cara berburu, pemanfaatan dan komersialisasi daging buruan di area sekitar cagar, di Sungai Amazon perbatasan Kolumbia, Peru dan Brasil.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u201cPara pemburu tidak pernah menyebut kata \u2018konservasi,\u2019 tetapi apa yang mereka lakukan terkait konservasi,\u201d kata Nathalie Van Vliet, peneliti senior CIFOR, sekaligus mengepalai tim penelitian.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMereka juga melakukan praktik terkait penurunan risiko kesehatan\u2014misalnya, anak-anak tidak memakan bagian tertentu binatang,\u201d katanya. \u201cMereka tidak menyebut aturan sehat, tetapi dengan mengatur konsumsi daging, mereka berkontribusi pada konservasi.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Pemburu lain memiliki keyakinan berbeda\u2014dan seringkali bertentangan, tetapi secara bersama, mereka melakukan kontrol perburuan.<\/p>\n<p>Ketika tanaman tertentu berbunga atau berbuah, daging binatang yang mengonsumsinya memiliki rasa tidak enak dan dapat menyebabkan mual, diare atau ruam, kata Armas. Ia dan suaminya Gabriel Murayari Pinedo, 63, menghindari berburu binatang tersebut di tempat mereka melihat tanaman itu. Pemburu menghindari tempat lain untuk alasan lain.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAda tempat-tempat Anda tidak bisa berburu,\u201d kata Milton Pinto, 22, suku Ticuna, seperti Armas dan Murayari, tingal di Puerto Narino, kota berpenduduk 7.000 orang di Cagar Ticoya.<\/p>\n<div class='short-quote'>\n\t\t\t<blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<footer>\n\t\t\t\t\t<cite title='Source Title'><\/cite>\n\t\t\t\t<\/footer>\n\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<p>Salah satunya adalah sumber garam \u2013 tempat binatang berkumpul, dan menjadi sasaran mudah.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cTempat itu keramat,\u201d kata Pinto. \u201cAnda harus menghormatinya.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>KONTROL ALAMI<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Para pemburu menawarkan beragam cara seperti sumber garam dan lainnya\u2014sebagai tempat berburu yang diijinkan, tetapi pemburu hanya dapat mengambil apa yang diperlukan, atau ada tempat terlindung dari perburuan, karena terjadi petir, kilat dan hujan jika pemburu mencoba mendekati.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAda madre di tempat itu, sebentuk ruh,\u201d kata Pinto.<\/p>\n<p>Dalam survei anggota komunitas, termasuk pemburu, pedagang dan operator restoran, peneliti menemukan bahwa lebih dari dua pertiga kepercayaan yang membatasi perburuan atau pemanfaatan alam liar terkait konsumsi. Memakan daging tapir, misalnya, bisa menyebabkan wanita hamil keguguran. Menurut penelitian, perempuan juga seharusnya tidak melihat atau menyentuh kura-kura yang dikenal sebagai matamata.<\/p>\n<p>Sejumlah besar \u201ctabu\u201d soal konsumsi daging termasuk jaguar, predator teratas yang juga memiliki signifikansi spiritual bagi masyarakat Amazon. Binatang lain diatur melalui kepercayaan tradisional termasuk tapir dan ular.<\/p>\n\n<p>Sejumlah besar keyakinan terkait pengolahan daging termasuk kura-kura\u2014misalnya, menyentuh darah kura-kura saat mengolah daging disebut menyebabkan kutil. Hanya 10 persen masyarakat disurvei yang mengabaikan kepercayaan tradisional dengan menyebut tidak ada efek negatif. Lebih dari separuh menyatakan, tidak menghormati tabu bisa menyebabkan penyakit, sementara yang lainnya menyatakan dapat menyebabkan penurunan jumlah hewan atau membuat pemburu sial ketika mencari hewan buruan.<\/p>\n<p>Nelayan menghormati praktik serupa, kata Pinto. Ada sebuah danau dalam cagar dikenal oleh nelayan sebagai tempat berbahaya, rumah bagi berang-berang sungai besar, jaguar dan kayman raksasa.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAnda harus memancing dengan senyap,\u201d kata Pinto, menambahkan bahwa sebagian danau tak berbatas.<\/p>\n<p>Ketika Pinto lebih muda, seorang nelayan tua menunjukkan bagian danau mana yang aman untuk menangkap ikan dan mana yang harus dihindari.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSemacam kontrol alami,\u201d katanya.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Untuk keterangan lebih lanjut tentang topik ini, hubungi Nathalia Van Vliet di vanvlietnathalie@yahoo.com.<br \/>\n<strong>Riset ini merupakan bagian dari Program Riset CGIAR tentang Hutan, Pepohonan dan Agroforestri.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>Dukungan dana untuk riset berasal dari USAID.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ketika Sara Armas D\u00edaz berburu, ia berhenti sebelum masuk hutan dan berdoa untuk ruh hutan. \u201cSaya membawa batang yang dibakar dan menyebut nama-nama hewan yang saya inginkan, dan dalam waktu singkat, saya melihatnya,\u201d kata Armas, 51, seorang nenek suku Cocama yang mempelajari ritual tersebut dari kakeknya ketika mereka membawanya berburu pertama kali pada usia 10. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":40572,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[182],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12241,12222],"tag-bahasa":[2522,2520,2575,2590,4840],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3100],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[831],"class_list":["post-40563","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-community-forestry","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-colombia","location-indonesia","tag-bahasa-deforestasi","tag-bahasa-konservasi","tag-bahasa-masyarakat-adat","tag-bahasa-masyarakat-lokal","tag-bahasa-nathalie-van-vliet","type-bahasa-fitur"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Konservasi hutan di Kolombia: Antara tradisi, tabu dan berburu - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/40563\/konservasi-hutan-di-negara-kolombia-antara-tradisi-tabu-dan-berburu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Konservasi hutan di Kolombia: Antara tradisi, tabu dan berburu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ketika Sara Armas D\u00edaz berburu, ia berhenti sebelum masuk hutan dan berdoa untuk ruh hutan. \u201cSaya membawa batang yang dibakar dan menyebut nama-nama hewan yang saya inginkan, dan dalam waktu singkat, saya melihatnya,\u201d kata Armas, 51, seorang nenek suku Cocama yang mempelajari ritual tersebut dari kakeknya ketika mereka membawanya berburu pertama kali pada usia 10. 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