{"id":39810,"date":"2016-02-05T13:34:33","date_gmt":"2016-02-05T06:34:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=39810"},"modified":"2016-12-13T11:46:46","modified_gmt":"2016-12-13T04:46:46","slug":"pertanian-vs-hutan-menelisik-manfaat-dan-resiko-dari-persepsi-agraria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/39810\/pertanian-vs-hutan-menelisik-manfaat-dan-resiko-dari-persepsi-agraria","title":{"rendered":"Pertanian vs hutan? Menelisik manfaat dan resiko transisi agraria"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Bentang alam hutan di daerah tropis saat ini tengah berubah menjadi lahan pertanian, mulai dari pulau Kalimantan hingga Lembah Sungai Kongo. Proses yang disebut sebagai perubahan agraria &#8211; dapat memberikan manfaat termasuk resiko bagi masyarakat.<\/p>\n<p>Pertanyaan-pertanyaan mengenai manfaat dan kerugian dari transisi-transisi agraria terlalu sering direduksi menjadi suatu perdebatan sederhana tentang apa cara terbaik untuk meningkatkan produksi pertanian dengan resiko kecil deforestasi.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Ketika Anda melihat pola perubahan agraria Anda perlu mempertimbangkan banyak hal, bukan hanya produksi pertanian, tetapi juga mata pencaharian, diet, jasa-jasa ekosistem,&#8221; kata Terry Sunderland, Ilmuwan dari <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional, CIFOR<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Terry Sunderland bersama koleganya bergabung dalam riset <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/library\/5867\/agrarian-change-in-tropical-landscapes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Perubahan Agraria dalam Bentang Alam Tropis <\/a>bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pemahaman komprehensif mengenai konsekuensi sosial dan ekonomi dari transisi agraria.<\/p>\n<p>Riset ini mengambil satu lokasi penelitian di enam negara.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Keragaman bentang alam menjadi salah satu kekuatan dari riset ini, sehingga kami tidak hanya dapat memperoleh beberapa pola umum tetapi juga dapat memahami pentingnya konteks lokal,&#8221; kata Terry Sunderland.<\/p>\n<div class='short-image short-image--left'>\n\t\t\t\t<a class='fancybox-image GTMshortImage' href='' target='_self'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__thumb'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img src='' width='260'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__type'><h3><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__title'><h4><\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>&#8220;Dan saya pikir satu pesan besar dan menonjol merupakan konteks yang benar-benar penting.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Perluasan perdebatan<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Riset Perubahan Agraria mengajukan premis bahwa kebutuhan peningkatan produksi pangan global ditujukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pangan populasi global yang terus meningkat. Bagi kebanyakan bentang alam tropis, ini kemungkinan akan memerlukan transisi agraria yang berkesinambungan.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Pertanian monokultur menjadi semakin dominan dalam bentuk penggunaan lahan, sebagian untuk mengatasi tantangan meningkatnya kebutuhan pangan. Salah satu hal yang akan terjadi yaitu mengubah bentang alam menjadi tutupan pohon dan membuatnya khusus menjadi bentang alam pertanian, &#8220;kata Liz Deakin, koordinator riset.<\/p>\n<p>Kejelasan dampak-dampak sosial dari transisi ini merupakan salah satu bagian yang tengah dieksplorasi dari riset ini.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Kami berusaha mengukur kuantitas dampak-dampak transisi agraria ini dalam hal <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/library\/4103\/food-security-and-nutrition-the-role-of-forests\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">tingkat keamanan pangan dan nilai gizi<\/a>, serta cara-cara yang bisa memberikan keuntungan kepada rumah tangga, misalnya melalui kesempatan kerja dan pendidikan,&#8221; kata Liz Deakin.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Kami tidak ingin hanya mengatakan bahwa &#8216;perubahan agraria buruk&#8217; bagi bentang alam. Kami menggunakan kumpulan data yang besar untuk memperoleh ide yang lebih berimbang, &#8220;jelasnya.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Kami tengah mengidentifikasi cara-cara agar perubahan tersebut benar-benar menguntungkan masyarakat yang tinggal di bentang alam. Kami mencoba untuk menemukan ide-ide tersebut berdasarkan bukti.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mengakui tarik ulur antara untung dan rugi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Sejak awal riset ini telah menyoroti  kecenderungan tarik ulur untung dan rugi dari transisi pertanian.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Anda akan berpikir bahwa transisi ke ekonomi tunai di Indonesia akan memiliki dampak positif terhadap gizi, misalnya, karena masyarakat akan   memiliki lebih banyak akses pasar dan kemampuan, &#8221; kata Sunderland.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Tapi sebenarnya, penelitian telah menunjukkan sebaliknya: orang-orang mengalami suatu transisi diet ke arah diet yang jauh lebih buruk. Jadi itu merupakan salah satu hal yang sangat jelas dan mencolok dari tarik ulur yang terjadi dari transisi ini. &#8221;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Kami juga sedang melihat hal-hal seperti hilangnya norma-norma sosial terkait akses ke uang tunai, yang dapat berdampak bagi <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/library\/4062\/forests-food-and-livelihoods-what-policymakers-should-know\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">mata pencaharian<\/a>.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Jenis-jenis tarik ulur ini sering tidak dihiraukan, jika tidak diabaikan sama sekali, dalam perdebatan saat ini tentang intensifikasi berkelanjutan.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Semua orang berbicara tentang pemisahan dan pembagian lahan. Apa yang kami coba lakukan dengan riset ini adalah menghadirkan gambaran yang lebih peka, &#8220;kata Terry Sunderland.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Konteks situasi kondisi setempat adalah kunci<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Riset ini bertujuan menghasilkan gambaran global yang lebih representatif terfokus pada lokasi riset yang dipilih di berbagai bentang alam.<\/p>\n<div class='short-quote'>\n\t\t\t<blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<footer>\n\t\t\t\t\t<cite title='Source Title'><\/cite>\n\t\t\t\t<\/footer>\n\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<p>Meskipun pola serupa ditemukan di berbagai lokasi di Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Kamerun, Ethiopia, Indonesia dan Zambia, riset ini juga telah mengungkap pentingnya konteks lokal.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Anda dapat belajar banyak dengan mengajukan berbagai pertanyaan pembanding, melihat siapa yang diuntungkan dari jenis beberapa bentang alam dan siapa yang diuntungkan di bentang alam yang lain,&#8221; kata Terry Sunderland.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Salah satu ide yang telah kami konfirmasi adalah bahwa konteks adalah kunci. Jadi apa yang terjadi di Burkina Faso belum tentu cocok untuk diterapkan di Zambia, demikian sebaliknya.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Semua perbedaan kecil benar-benar penting tetapi sering kali terlupakan dalam leksikon pembangunan, yang sering mengusulkan solusi sederhana untuk masalah yang sangat kompleks.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mengintegrasi suatu pendekatan berbasis bentang alam<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Analisis data intensif untuk riset Perubahan Agraria akan dilakukan selama enam bulan ke depan, dengan harapan akan diperoleh satu temuan yang lebih kuat: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.landscapes.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/docs\/GLF-Paris-Outcomes-Statement.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">bentang alam adalah skala yang ideal<\/a> untuk mempelajari konsekuensi sosial dan ekologi dari perubahan agraria.<\/p>\n<div class='short-image short-image--left'>\n\t\t\t\t<a class='fancybox-image GTMshortImage' href='' target='_self'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__thumb'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img src='' width='260'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__type'><h3><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__title'><h4><\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>&#8220;Dalam hal pengelolaan proses bentang alam skala seperti transisi agraria, integrasi fungsi memiliki beberapa keunggulan dibandingkan dengan pemisahan fungsi,&#8221; kata Terry Sunderland.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Dan hal tersebut yang muncul dalam bentang alam yang sedang kami kerjakan.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Tentu saja jenis pengelolaan ini memerlukan beberapa penyesuaian tata kelola, jika tidak reformasi penuh. Tapi contoh-contoh yang muncul di mana fungsi-fungsi yang biasanya terpisah sedang diintegrasikan seperti penggabungan Kementerian Kehutanan dan Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup di Indonesia.<\/p>\n<p>Dan pada skala yang lebih lokal, Kamerun juga menunjukkan beberapa perkembangan yang sangat positif dalam mengintegrasikan fungsi-fungsi pengelolaan bentang alam, kata Terry Sunderland.<\/p>\n<p>Jadi sementara beberapa lokasi riset, Perubahan Agraria lebih maju dalam mengintegrasikan manajemen bentang alam daripada yang lain, ide itu sendiri terbukti kuat.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Apa yang diperlihatkan oleh bentang alam  adalah bahwa Anda dapat memiliki pertanian berkelanjutan di dalam konteks pengelolaan bentang alam yang lebih luas, lebih baik daripada mencoba untuk mendekatinya secara terisolasi,&#8221; kata Terry Sunderland.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bentang alam hutan di daerah tropis saat ini tengah berubah menjadi lahan pertanian, mulai dari pulau Kalimantan hingga Lembah Sungai Kongo. Proses yang disebut sebagai perubahan agraria &#8211; dapat memberikan manfaat termasuk resiko bagi masyarakat. Pertanyaan-pertanyaan mengenai manfaat dan kerugian dari transisi-transisi agraria terlalu sering direduksi menjadi suatu perdebatan sederhana tentang apa cara terbaik untuk [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":76,"featured_media":39928,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1072],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12215,12222],"tag-bahasa":[6806,2587,2670,3914,2480,2530,2943],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[739],"class_list":["post-39810","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-landscapes","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-global","location-indonesia","tag-bahasa-artikel-pilihan-2016","tag-bahasa-bentang-alam","tag-bahasa-kepemilikan-dan-hak-atas-lahan","tag-bahasa-liz-deakin","tag-bahasa-pertanian","tag-bahasa-pertumbuhan-ekonomi","tag-bahasa-terry-sunderland","type-bahasa-berita"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Pertanian vs hutan? Menelisik manfaat dan resiko transisi agraria - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/39810\/pertanian-vs-hutan-menelisik-manfaat-dan-resiko-dari-persepsi-agraria\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pertanian vs hutan? Menelisik manfaat dan resiko transisi agraria\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bentang alam hutan di daerah tropis saat ini tengah berubah menjadi lahan pertanian, mulai dari pulau Kalimantan hingga Lembah Sungai Kongo. Proses yang disebut sebagai perubahan agraria &#8211; dapat memberikan manfaat termasuk resiko bagi masyarakat. Pertanyaan-pertanyaan mengenai manfaat dan kerugian dari transisi-transisi agraria terlalu sering direduksi menjadi suatu perdebatan sederhana tentang apa cara terbaik untuk [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/39810\/pertanian-vs-hutan-menelisik-manfaat-dan-resiko-dari-persepsi-agraria\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-02-05T06:34:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2016-12-13T04:46:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/6417289745_e966246e24-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"333\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Samuel McGlennon\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/39810\\\/pertanian-vs-hutan-menelisik-manfaat-dan-resiko-dari-persepsi-agraria#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/39810\\\/pertanian-vs-hutan-menelisik-manfaat-dan-resiko-dari-persepsi-agraria\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Samuel McGlennon\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/e5c7569b7487878cd61b205e7c87b613\"},\"headline\":\"Pertanian vs hutan? 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