{"id":38723,"date":"2015-12-14T12:10:51","date_gmt":"2015-12-14T05:10:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=38723"},"modified":"2018-02-07T15:36:40","modified_gmt":"2018-02-07T08:36:40","slug":"redd-dan-ekonomi-hijau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/38723\/redd-dan-ekonomi-hijau","title":{"rendered":"REDD+ dan Ekonomi Hijau"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pembangunan ekonomi cerdas-iklim tidak harus dimulai dari titik nol. Satu dekade pengalaman dan melimpahnya penelitian untuk dicermati, REDD+ menyediakan berbagai pembelajaran yang bisa membantu strategi pertumbuhan hijau menepis berbagai hadangan.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/ledsgp.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Strategi pembangunan rendah-emisi (LEDS)<\/a> bertujuan menumbuhkan ekonomi  \u2013 cenderung mengurangi \u2014 jejak karbon suatu negara sambil membebaskan masyarakat dari kemiskinan dan mengembangkan ekonomi yang tahan terhadap dampak iklim di masa depan.<\/p>\n<p>Proyek LEDS\u2014 mencakupi bidang energi, pertanian, kehutanan dan keuangan \u2014 sudah berjalan di beberapa negara, dan pada pekan lalu, para pemangku kepentingan yang <a href=\"http:\/\/ledsgp.org\/2015\/12\/join-the-leds-gp-at-cop21-paris\/?loclang=en_gb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">berkumpul pada COP21 di Paris juga tekah mengkaji kemajuannya<\/a>. Seperti halnya usaha ekonomi hijau, mewujudkan LEDS lebih mudah diucapkan daripada dilakukan.<\/p>\n<p>Seperti halnya REDD+. Selama satu dekade, skema ini telah dijalankan di banyak negara tropis.<\/p>\n<p>Meskipun mengalami kelambatan memenuhi kepatuhan global perdagangan karbon, hampir 40 negara menguatkan komitmen terhadap REDD+ melalui <a href=\"http:\/\/newsroom.unfccc.int\/unfccc-newsroom\/indc-synthesis-report-press-release\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Intended Nationally Determined Contributions<\/a> (INDCs). INDCs menunjukkan kemauan negara berkontribusi pada kesepakatan iklim internasional yang baru\u2014yang akan diputuskan di Paris saat ini.<\/p>\n<p>Secara global, terdapat <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/gcs\/redd-map\/?utm_source=FCC+Website&amp;utm_medium=Detail+posts&amp;utm_campaign=FCC+migration&amp;fcc=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">lebih dari 330 inisiatif REDD+<\/a>. Penelitian telah menelaah rancangan dan operasinya dari berbagai sudut\u2014sosial, ekonomi dan lingkungan\u2014dan menghasilkan banyak rujukan literatur. Di CIFOR saja, kini terdapat lebih dari 350 laporan penelitian <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/gcs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Kajian Perbandingan Global REDD+ <\/a>yang menelaah REDD+ dari berbagai sudut.<\/p>\n<p>Awalnya, REDD+ ditujukan sebagai upaya menjaga stok karbon hutan, ditambah beberapa manfaat sampingan bagi keragaman hayati dan masyarakat. Kemudian proponen REDD+ segera menyadari jika mereka tidak menempatkan masalah non-karbon secara serius, hasil upaya itu hanya sedikit bermanfaat.<\/p>\n<div class='short-quote'>\n\t\t\t<blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<footer>\n\t\t\t\t\t<cite title='Source Title'><\/cite>\n\t\t\t\t<\/footer>\n\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<p>Keadilan sosial, masalah jender, penghidupan, pendanaan swasta dan pemerintah, hak lahan dan keamanan tenurial, keamanan pangan, konservasi keragaman hayati, tata kelola dan penegakkan hukum\u2014semua itu bukan isu sampingan; menyelesaikan berbagai aspek-aspek tersebut adalah inti keberhasilan REDD+.<\/p>\n<p>Pengetahuan itu kini tersedia, termasuk kebijakan dan praktik nasional, pembelajaran kelembagaan di berbagai tingkat, pelaksanaan lapangan, sebaran manfaat pemangku kepentingan, penjaminan, dan pengukuran, pelaporan dan verifikasi (MRV) penurunan emisi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PEMBELAJARAN UNTUK KEBERHASILAN<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ekonomi cerdas iklim tidak akan hadir kecuali pemangku kepentingan dan sektor-sektor utama duduk satu meja, \u201cberbicara\u201d satu sama lain dan bekerja dalam niatan tulus mencapai tujuan bersama.<\/p>\n<p>Dalam arena keberlanjutan, kata-kata mantra yang tertanam dan memang diperlukan oleh para pengambil kebijakan adalah \u201cterintegrasi\u201d atau  \u201cholistik.\u201d Artinya, bersama-sama. Tidak terjebak dalam kungkungan tradisional, atau tidak terjebak departemen, kementerian, sektor, yurisdiksi, kepentingan kelompok, atau kaitan dalam rantai nilai. Peneliti menyebut ini \u201ctantangan tata kelola multi-level\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Mengambil keputusan secara terintegrasi, dalam praktiknya tidak bisa serta merta. Inilah pelajaran paling penting dari REDD+.<\/p>\n<p>Ada pula ekonomi politik tata kelola lahan. Kepentingan terselubung dalam strategi pengembangan tinggi-karbon jarang sejalan dengan upaya memotong kemiskinan atau emisi karbon.<\/p>\n<p>Di banyak negara tropis, kelompok dan invidu berpengaruh bergantung pada konversi hutan dan sering mempengaruhi keputusan pemanfaatan lahan untuk keuntungan mereka. Ketika tata kelola lemah, orang-orang berpengaruh lebih siap menemukan jalan mengeksploitasi kebijakan, hukum dan regulasi resmi. Ini satu alasan <a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/30813\/why-is-it-so-incredibly-hard-to-stop-deforestation?fnl=en\">mengapa deforestasi terus terjadi<\/a> menjadi sumber emisi tinggi di banyak negara tropis.<\/p>\n<p>Hal ini juga bisa berarti bahwa proses multi-pemangku kepentingan dan peningkatan koordinasi, baik dalam REDD+ atau LEDS, tidak akan banyak membuat perbedaan kecuali model pembangunan dominan diubah. Jika kita mengabaikan konflik inheren ini, kita tidak hanya menanggung kenaifan, tetapi kita tidak akan pernah bergerak dari retorika hijau kosong saja.<\/p>\n<div class='short-quote'>\n\t\t\t<blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<footer>\n\t\t\t\t\t<cite title='Source Title'><\/cite>\n\t\t\t\t<\/footer>\n\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<p>Terlebih lagi, rancangan inklusif REDD+ harus memiliki legitimasi. Ketika masyarakat hutan sendiri tidak sadar REDD+, mendapatkan dukungan lokal tentu sangat sulit.<\/p>\n<p>Reformasi tenurial\u2014yang sangat penting bagi REDD+ untuk memenuhi janjinya\u2014bergantung pada kemauan politik di tingkat nasional. Tanpa ini, kerja subnasional REDD+ akan lambat, tertatih atau terhenti. Tetapi tidak mudah bagi politisi nasional meremehkan kuatnya kepentingan terselubung.<\/p>\n<p>Membangun penjaminan sosial dan lingkungan yang sangat penting bagi kredibilitas REDD+ juga tidak mudah. Nyaris tidak berbeda, masalahnya adalah rendahnya kapasitas negara, lemahnya pendanaan dan kemauan politik dalam membangun pemantauan, pelaporan dan verifikasi.<\/p>\n<p>Program REDD+ yang baik memperjuangkan efektifitas, kesetaraan  dan efeisiensi, selain juga mengakui dan mencoba mengelola timbal balik di atara ketiganya.<\/p>\n\n<p><b>BERGANDENGAN TANGAN<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Akankah REDD+ berakhir dalam kesepakatan COP21, bisa kita lihat dalam beberapa hari ke depan. Kesepakatan kuat di COP21 akan mengembangkan REDD+ dan LEDS. Hal ini akan memberi dorongan tambahan tata kelola dan pendanaan lebih besar, dan menyegarkan kembali pasar insentif untuk memotong emisi, dan melampaui tahap subsidi sesat.<\/p>\n<p>LEDS dan REDD+ merupakan bagian tujuan global menselaraskan pembangunan dan lingkungan. REDD+ menjadi bagian potensial LEDS, setidaknya di negara tropis berhutan, dan bahan uji pengetahuan. Pembelajaran REDD+ dapat diterapkan dan diadaptasikan pada sektor kunci LEDS, seperti pertanian.<\/p>\n<p>Ada risiko yang relatif tangibel dan terukur dari tujuan REDD+ yang bisa diselaraskan ke dalam konteks lebih luas LEDS pada praktik aktual. Namun, kita perlu berhati-hati mentautkan keduanya.<\/p>\n<p>Di tengah kesulitan yang ada, satu dekade lalu telah meletakkan  landasan kerja lapangan REDD+ dalam mencapai hasil terukur. Dalam hal ini ada pelajaran lain: semua ini perlu waktu.<\/p>\n<p>LEDS bisa memetik pelajaran dari masalah penerapan awal REDD+, untuk menghindari atau setidaknya mengelola banyak kendala yang dihadapi di masa pertumbuhan, dengan perjuangan lebih sedikit perjuangan dan waktu lebih singkat.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pembangunan ekonomi cerdas-iklim tidak harus dimulai dari titik nol. Satu dekade pengalaman dan melimpahnya penelitian untuk dicermati, REDD+ menyediakan berbagai pembelajaran yang bisa membantu strategi pertumbuhan hijau menepis berbagai hadangan. Strategi pembangunan rendah-emisi (LEDS) bertujuan menumbuhkan ekonomi \u2013 cenderung mengurangi \u2014 jejak karbon suatu negara sambil membebaskan masyarakat dari kemiskinan dan mengembangkan ekonomi yang tahan [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":119,"featured_media":38728,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,151],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[3181,2565,2516,2520,2530,2819],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3087],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[1299],"class_list":["post-38723","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-redd-2","language-bahasa-indonesia","tag-bahasa-christopher-martius","tag-bahasa-ekonomi-hijau","tag-bahasa-kehutanan-masyarakat","tag-bahasa-konservasi","tag-bahasa-pertumbuhan-ekonomi","tag-bahasa-redd","type-bahasa-analisis"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>REDD+ dan Ekonomi Hijau - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/38723\/redd-dan-ekonomi-hijau\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"REDD+ dan Ekonomi Hijau\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pembangunan ekonomi cerdas-iklim tidak harus dimulai dari titik nol. Satu dekade pengalaman dan melimpahnya penelitian untuk dicermati, REDD+ menyediakan berbagai pembelajaran yang bisa membantu strategi pertumbuhan hijau menepis berbagai hadangan. 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Satu dekade pengalaman dan melimpahnya penelitian untuk dicermati, REDD+ menyediakan berbagai pembelajaran yang bisa membantu strategi pertumbuhan hijau menepis berbagai hadangan. 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