{"id":33642,"date":"2015-09-22T13:36:01","date_gmt":"2015-09-22T06:36:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=33642"},"modified":"2015-10-08T11:38:28","modified_gmt":"2015-10-08T04:38:28","slug":"jender-ini-juga-soal-lelaki","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/33642\/jender-ini-juga-soal-lelaki","title":{"rendered":"Jender: Ini juga soal lelaki"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dari bukti literatur<\/a> dan pengalaman mereka menerapkan dan mempelajari rantai nilai, 30 orang yang duduk bersama pada Kongres Kehutanan Dunia XIV di Durban pekan lalu menyepakati faktor kunci yang menentukan apakah lelaki dan\/atau perempuan akan berpartisipasi dan memetik manfaat dari rantai nilai hutan, pohon dan agroforestri.<\/p>\n

Bayangkan, misalnya, kayu bakar, dikumpulkan dari hutan dan dijual di pasar. Atau kacang shea dikumpulkan dan diproses menjadi minyak, dijual di pasar lokal di Afrika Barat dan menjangkau jutaan coklat dan kosmetik.<\/p>\n

Semakin banyak penelitian<\/a> yang menyoroti bagaimana jender membentuk akses masyarakat, tata kelola dan pemanfaatan hutan, agroforestri dan produk kayu serta rantai nilai ikutan \u2013 serta siapa yang mengambil manfaat. Sebagai respon, organisasi donor, pemerintah, CSO dan LSM melakukan intervensi dinamika jender dalam rantai nilai seperti coklat, shea dan kayu bakar. Semua ini cenderung fokus pada meningkatkan inklusi perempuan dalam rantai nilai, atau meningkatkan manfaat yang bisa didapat perempuan dari rantai nilai tersebut.<\/p>\n

Mengapa istilah \u201cjender\u201d begitu salah digunakan?<\/p>\n

Intervensi juga melihat peran lelaki dan perempuan dalam keamanan pangan dan nutrisi dalam rantai hutan, agroforestri dan pohon, serta dampak perubahan iklim, menjadi perspektif \u201cterjender\u201d \u2013 biasanya perempuan. Masyarakat penelitian telah mengikuti dan terkadang secara aktif terlibat dalam penelitian tindakan partisipatoris<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Bagaimanapun, analisis dampak yang kuat dan independen yang menunjukkan \u2013 kualitatif atau kuantitatif \u2013 bagaimana posisi kelompok tertentu perempuan dan lelaki berubah atau ditingkatkan mulai muncul. Analisis tersebut menemukan bahwa perempuan seringkali ditampilkan sebagai kelompok homogen yang dipengaruhi secara positif oleh peningkatan, intervensi, peningkatan kapasitas dan strategi pemberdayaan tertentu. Realitasnya, dampak berbeda sangat tergantung faktor lain, seperti usia, statu sosial dan pendidikan, etnis serta lokasi (desa atau kota).<\/p>\n

Baik kajian literatur atau hasil kelompok kami di Kongres Kehutanan Dunia menegaskan bahwa ketika orang berbicara mengenai jender, mereka sering mengartikan \u201cperempuan\u201d. Walaupun faktanya, jender bukan hanya soal lelaki dan perempuan, tetapi mengenai pemahaman norma dan institusi menuju tindakan dan interaksi perempuan dan lelaki serta ketidaksetaraan yang dihasilkan.<\/p>\n

Mengapa istilah \u201cjender\u201d begitu disalahgunakan?<\/em><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Satu alasannya adalah bahwa jurang yang ada dalam hak-hak lelaki dan perempuan dalam akses sumberdaya dan pasar hutan dan pohon. Untuk menjembatani jurang ini, intervensi sering secara ekslusif menargetkan perempuan. Kelemahannya adalah mata rantai tidak secara setara dibangun, jadi sering intervensi ini memiliki dampak \u2013 seringkali negatif \u2013 tak langsung baik pada lelaki maupun perempuan.<\/p>\n

Jadi daftar yang dihasilkan kelompok di Durban pekan lalu adalah lima faktor kunci yang memungkinkan partisipasi sukses baik lelaki dan perempuan dalam rantai nilai hutan, pohon dan agroforestri.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Budaya dan sejarah lokal<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Seperti dicatat REFACOF<\/a>, budaya dan sejarah lokal dapat secara kuat menentukan siapa melakukan apa dan bagaimana dalam sebuah rantai. Hasilnya, produk tertentu sering dilihat sebagai \u201clelaki\u201d atau \u201cperempuan<\/a>\u201d, seperti pada daun eru di Kamerun<\/a> dan kacang shea di Burkina Faso dan Ghana<\/a>. Melakukan perubahan mengharuskan perempuan dan lelaki dalam rantai mempertanyakan norma dan memeriksa bagaimana mereka dapat merekonfigurasi manfaat bagi lelaki dan perempuan.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Pengetahuan dan kekuatan \u2013 atau kekurangan<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Memperluas keterlibatan dari mereka yang termarjinalkan hingga mereka dapat ambil bagian dalam aktivitas paling menguntungkan dan ada di rantai \u2013 serta menghindari penyerapan produk bernilai tinggi oleh satu jenis kelamin, seperti dicatat di rantai shea<\/a> Afrika Barat \u2013 dapat dicapai dengan pemberdayaan<\/a> dan provisi informasi. Contohnya adalah kerja FAO<\/a> dalam pemanenan dan pemasaran.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Akses dan kontrol sumberdaya<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Kepemilikan lahan dan pohon adalah kunci partisipasi rantai nilai hutan, pohon dan agroforestri, karena ini memberi masyarakat akses dan kontrol sumberdaya; lihat, misalnya, penelitian terbaru dari Uganda<\/a> dan Nikaragua<\/a>. Kepemilikan formal tertunjukkan sangat penting khususnya bagi perempuan, untuk jaminan pinjaman.<\/p>\n

        Perubahan kebijakan komplementer juga membantu secara formal UKM, yang dapat membantu meningkatkan kekuatan daya tawar dan keuntungan perempuan, sebuah masalah yang dipromosikan oleh XX Tanzania. Namun, ketika status hukum tidak jelas atau penegakkan hukumnya lemah, lembaga adat dapat bekerja lebih baik.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Aksi kolektif dan organisasi, pengembangan kapasitas, pelatihan kepemimpinan dan peningkatan kesadaran <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Di wilayah Timur Tengah dan Afrika Utara, GIZ<\/a> mesensitisasi rimbawan ke masalah jender. Seringkali, rimbawan tidak menyadari kerja perempuan di rantai nilai hutan, pohon dan agroforestri serta perempuan sering juga ingin mengakses pasar. Dengan meningkatkan kesadaran kontribusi perempuan, GIZ bisa mengatasi masalah yang berasal dari cara masyarakat memandang perempuan dan karyanya.<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Akses kredit<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            Dapat menjadi sulit bagi perusahaan berdagang produk hutan dan pohon mendapat akses kredit, sebuah titik masalah yang disorongkan oleh Support for Women in Agriculture and Environment (SWAGEN<\/a>) Uganda. Pengalaman di Afrika Tengah<\/a> dan Afrika Timur<\/a> mengindikasikan bahwa skema kredit digabung degan analisis pasar dan dukungan dalam merencanakan dan menerapkan rencana bisnis membantu produsen perempuan dan lelaku mengembangkan perusahaan mereka.<\/p>\n

            Dengan terus mengingat faktor-faktor kunci ini, serta mengarusutamakan \u201cjender\u201d, kita bisa mulai melihat intervensi rantai nilai hutan, pohon dan agroforestri yang mengarah pada keadilan baik bagi lelaki maupun perempuan.<\/p>\n

            Untuk informasi lebih mengenai kerja CIFOR dalam soal jender dan rantai nilai, hubungi Verina Ingram (<\/strong>v.ingram@cgiar.org<\/strong><\/a>) atau Markus Ihalainen (<\/strong>m.ihalainen@cgiar.org<\/strong><\/a>).<\/strong><\/p>\n

            Kerja CIFOR mengenai jender dan rantai nilai merupakan bagian dari Program Penelitian CGIAR mengenai Hutan, Pohon dan Agroforestri.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            Dari bukti literatur dan pengalaman mereka menerapkan dan mempelajari rantai nilai, 30 orang yang duduk bersama pada Kongres Kehutanan Dunia XIV di Durban pekan lalu menyepakati faktor kunci yang menentukan apakah lelaki dan\/atau perempuan akan berpartisipasi dan memetik manfaat dari rantai nilai hutan, pohon dan agroforestri. Bayangkan, misalnya, kayu bakar, dikumpulkan dari hutan dan dijual […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":33668,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[173,95],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12245,12222],"tag-bahasa":[2687,2481,2560,2516,2670,2589,2676,2658],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3087],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[200],"class_list":["post-33642","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gender-justice-tenure","category-human-wellbeing","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-africa","location-indonesia","tag-bahasa-afrika","tag-bahasa-agroforestri","tag-bahasa-jender","tag-bahasa-kehutanan-masyarakat","tag-bahasa-kepemilikan-dan-hak-atas-lahan","tag-bahasa-mata-pencaharian","tag-bahasa-rantai-nilai","tag-bahasa-shea","type-bahasa-analisis"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nJender: Ini juga soal lelaki - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/33642\/jender-ini-juga-soal-lelaki\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jender: Ini juga soal lelaki\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dari bukti literatur dan pengalaman mereka menerapkan dan mempelajari rantai nilai, 30 orang yang duduk bersama pada Kongres Kehutanan Dunia XIV di Durban pekan lalu menyepakati faktor kunci yang menentukan apakah lelaki dan\/atau perempuan akan berpartisipasi dan memetik manfaat dari rantai nilai hutan, pohon dan agroforestri. 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