{"id":33323,"date":"2015-09-11T13:14:26","date_gmt":"2015-09-11T06:14:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=33323"},"modified":"2015-10-08T11:35:16","modified_gmt":"2015-10-08T04:35:16","slug":"penilaian-terbaru-tentang-luasan-hutan-dunia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/33323\/penilaian-terbaru-tentang-luasan-hutan-dunia","title":{"rendered":"Penilaian terbaru tentang luasan hutan dunia"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cerita dari India mengenai orang buta dan gajah sangat terkenal. Sastrawan John Godfrey Saxe mengisahkannya<\/a> seperti ini:<\/p>\n

Ada enam pria Hindustan, sangat ingin belajar,<\/em><\/p>\n

mereka pergi melihat gajah (Walaupun semuanya buta), <\/em><\/p>\n

Semuanya mengamati, yang memuaskan pikiran mereka.<\/em><\/p>\n

Setiap orang memeriksa bagian berbeda gajah \u2013 kaki, gading, pantat, kuping, buntut, perut \u2013 yang menghasilkan penilaian berbeda dan perdebatan. Tentu saja, tidak semua memiliki gambaran penuh atau perspektif holistik; setiap orang bergantung pada keterbatasan observasinya sendiri.<\/p>\n

Godfrey Saxe menyimpulkan:<\/em><\/p>\n

Dan kemudian pria-pria Hindustan itu, bertengkar hebat dan lama,<\/em><\/p>\n

semuanya dengan pendapatnya sendiri, saling bersikukuh dan bersikeras,<\/em><\/p>\n

Walaupun semuanya benar, dan semuanya juga salah!<\/em><\/p>\n

Jadi, sering dalam perang teologis, para pendebat, saya lenyap, berdebat dalam keabaian total, mengenai apa yang dimaksudkan orang lain,<\/em><\/p>\n

dan berbual mengenai gajah, meski tak seorang pun pernah melihatnya!<\/em><\/p>\n

Pekan ini kita punya peluang membandingkan penilaian berbeda tentang luasan hutan dunia. FAO<\/a> menampilkan hasil Penilaian Sumberdaya Hutan Dunia 2015 (FRA 2015<\/a>) pada Kongres Kehutanan Dunia di Durban. Global Forest Watch<\/a> menyampaikan observasi satelit global baru berkurangnya tutupan hutan pada 2014<\/a>. Dan Nature<\/em><\/a> mempublikasikan artikel<\/a> yang memaparkan lebih dari 400.000 petak lahan inventarisasi hutan nasional<\/a> yang digunakan menghitung semua pohon di dunia.<\/p>\n

Jadi, apakah ada perbedaan penelitian ini mengenai sumber daya hutan dan bagaimana hutan berubah?<\/p>\n

FRA 2015 adalah rangkaian laporan 70-tahun<\/a> terbaru dari badan PBB. Sementara di FAO, saya mengkoordinasikan FRA edisi 2000<\/a> dan 2005<\/a>, jadi saya tahu betul kekuatan dan kelemahan proses ini. FRA secara luas melaporkan sumber daya hutan, manajemen dan pemanfaatannya di semua negara, dan hasil terpentingnya adalah perubahan area hutan, baik global maupun negara. Variabel ini menjadi satu indikator Tujuan Pembangunan Millennium<\/a>, dan yang paling terkait perubahan hutan sudah dipublikasikan. Mengingat hal ini sangat bergantung pada laporan masing-masing negara, proses FRA di sisi lain membangun keterlibatan kuat antar institusi di setiap negara, tetapi di sisi lain berhadapan dengan kekurangan dan inkonsistensi data. Perubahan area hutan adalah data perubahan bersih yang menyembunyikan jumlah total deforestasi dan ekspansi hutan (dalam negara), selain juga menutupi peningkatan atau degradasi dalam hutan. Jadi, melihat perubahan area bersih merupakan perspektif tidak lengkap, walaupun mudah dilaporkan untuk setiap negara.<\/p>\n

Menariknya, laporan FRA 2015 menunjukkan penurunan tajam berlanjut mengenai hilangnya area hutan bersih, kini -3,3 Mha\/tahun, dengan kehilangan kotor (deforestasi) -7,6 Mha\/tahun, terutama di wilayah tropis. Grafik di bawah ini menggambarkan bagaimana secara berturutan FRA melaporkan menurunnya hilangnya hutan bersih 35 tahun terakhir, menunjukkan bahwa kita segera memiliki keseimbangan area hutan di dunia.<\/p>\n

\"Global<\/a><\/p>\n

Global Forest Watch menegaskan dalam laporan mereka hanya pengurangan tutupan hutan global 2014 dalam rilis baru mereka. Laporan sebelumnya<\/a> memasukan peningkatan tutupan pohon, walaupun dikritik sebagai data inderaja yang tidak cukup akurat untuk menilai peningkatan lambat tutupan pohon, jadi \u201chilang\u201d dan \u201ctambah\u201d tidak bisa dibandingkan. Kita juga harus mencatat bawah tutupan pohon tidak sama dengan tutupan hutan, dan bahwa hilangnya tutupan pohon sangat berbeda dengan hilangnya hutan. GFW menyatakan pada kita bahwa dunia kehilangan 18 Mha pohon pada 2014, sebanyak 9,9 Mha ada di wilayah tropis. Seperti ditulis dalam blog sebelumnya<\/a>, pengurangan pohon non-tropis yang dilaporkan GFW tampak seimbang dengan pertumbuhan pohon di hutan budidaya \u2013 yang tidak dilaporkan oleh GFW. Di wilayah tropis, kehilangan 9,9 Mha tampak sesuai dengan indikasi deforestasi FRA 2015, khususnya sebagian reduksi GFP yang tampak tidak teratribusi sebagai kejadian deforestasi.<\/p>\n

Berkebalikan dengan FRA 2015, perbaruan GFW muncul dengan pesan cukup berbeda dan mengkhawatirkan. Pernyataan pers<\/a> melaporkan bahwa \u201ckehilangan tutupan pohon berakselerasi cepat di tropis\u201d, dan laporan blog<\/a> menyatakan \u201cmeningkatnya kecepatan tutupan pohon di tropis memunculkan kekhawatiran besar\u201d. Tidak jelas bagi sama bahwa pernyataan itu muncul dalam hasil perbaruan GFW.<\/p>\n

Laporan penghitungan pohon<\/a> global di Nature<\/em> menggunakan pendekatan ketiga dalam meneliti hutan dunia. Berbasis lebih dari 400.000 petak \u201csumber-lapangan\u201d, artikel ini memberikan data paling berkualitas tiga penelitian, dengan potensi analisis lebih rinci. Untuk beberapa alasan, hitungan angka pohon terangkat menjadi temuan paling penting, dimana estimasi area hutan atau stok karbon tidak termasuk \u2013 mungkin maksudnya untuk menyimpannya di laporan berikut?<\/p>\n

Tampaknya terdapat sekitar tiga triliun pohon lebih dari 10 cm dbh<\/a>. Menerapkan model pertumbuhan<\/a> untuk menentukan besar pohon terhadap waktu bisa menjadi komplemen istimewa terhadap data GFE mengenai hilangnya tutupan pohon. Sebaliknya, laporan melangkah ke analisis (potensi) ancaman terhadap pohon dan pemanfaatan hasil GFW untuk estimasi jumlah pohon hilang \u2013 sekitar 15 miliar per tahun \u2013 tanpa estimasi jumlah pohon baru ditanam. Ini konklusi ilmiah agak kurang lengkap terkait upaya besar reforestasi (27 Mha\/tahun menurut FRA 20150 melalui penanaman dan pembesaran pohon secara alami, menyatakan bahwa kehilangan dan pertambahan pohon di dunia lebih seimbang.<\/p>\n

Jadi kita memiliki tiga cerita berbeda dan sekumpulan angka mengenai bagaimana hutan dunia berubah.<\/p>\n

PESAN KEHATI-HATIAN <\/strong><\/p>\n

Pemenang Hadiah Nobel Werner Heisenberg menawarkan moral cerita orang buta dan gajah yang bisa diterapkan dalam pemantauan hutan global: \u201cApa yang kita amati bukan alam itu sendiri, tetapi alam yang diungkap oleh metode pertanyaan kita.<\/a>\u201d<\/p>\n

Pada peran saya, saya ingin mengakhiri blog ini dengan pesan kehati-hatian dan nasihat.<\/p>\n

Pertama, kita \u2013 dan saya masukkan CIFOR \u2013 harus bertanggungjawab terhadap pesan yang kita sebarkan dalam laporan, media dan jejaring sosial. Saat ini sudah ada banyak tweet tak-kritis yang mengkhawatirkan, terdorong kebiasaan, menyebarkan pernyataan dramatis dari laporan baru hutan global. Cerita perlu diberi nuansa dan tidak harus sensasional setiap saat.<\/p>\n

Kedua, saya merekomendasikan investasi berhati-hati dan jangka panjang dari entitas sektor publik dalam mengkonsolidasikan upaya pemantauan. Pada tingkat nasional, FRA 2015 melaporkan meningkatnya investasi dalam inventarisasi hutan nasional, walaupun kita tidak melihat inisiatif serupa di lingkup global. Mandat PBB bisa dikombinasikan dengan penelitian ilmiah dengan cara lebih konstruktif dan holistik.<\/p>\n

Ketiga, ingat bahwa \u201cgajah\u201d lebih kompleks daripada pesan sederhana dari algoritma rumit dan teknologi luar angkasa. Hutan dan kehutanan seharusnya dipantau dari perspektif holistik, dengan ambisi jernih untuk memasukkan semua kontribusi menuju pembangunan berkelanjutan \u2013 lintas dimensi sosial, ekonomi dan lingkungan. Proses FRA dibangun untuk melalukan ini, tetapi ini tidak uncul secara kuat dalam edisi 2015. Dan kajian ilmiah seringkali membesarkan teknologi menginspirasi, tetapi terbatas, seperti penginderaan jarak jauh satelit.<\/p>\n

Sederhananya, merangkul kompleksitas kenyataan<\/a> akan membawa kita lebih jauh daripada jawaban rumit untuk menyederhanakan pertanyaan.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cerita dari India mengenai orang buta dan gajah sangat terkenal. Sastrawan John Godfrey Saxe mengisahkannya seperti ini: Ada enam pria Hindustan, sangat ingin belajar, mereka pergi melihat gajah (Walaupun semuanya buta), Semuanya mengamati, yang memuaskan pikiran mereka. Setiap orang memeriksa bagian berbeda gajah \u2013 kaki, gading, pantat, kuping, buntut, perut \u2013 yang menghasilkan penilaian berbeda […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":71,"featured_media":35684,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[161,137,1072],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12215,12222],"tag-bahasa":[2522,2489,2520,2597,5423,2584,2554],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[2967],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[680],"class_list":["post-33323","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-deforestation","category-forest-management-restoration","category-landscapes","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-global","location-indonesia","tag-bahasa-deforestasi","tag-bahasa-keanekaragaman-hayati","tag-bahasa-konservasi","tag-bahasa-pemetaan","tag-bahasa-penginderaan-jarak-jauh","tag-bahasa-tata-guna-lahan","tag-bahasa-tata-kelola-hutan","type-bahasa-kolom-dirjen"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPenilaian terbaru tentang luasan hutan dunia - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/33323\/penilaian-terbaru-tentang-luasan-hutan-dunia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Penilaian terbaru tentang luasan hutan dunia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cerita dari India mengenai orang buta dan gajah sangat terkenal. 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