{"id":32160,"date":"2015-08-19T10:27:15","date_gmt":"2015-08-19T03:27:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=32160"},"modified":"2018-02-07T11:42:12","modified_gmt":"2018-02-07T04:42:12","slug":"samudra-atlantik-kunci-curah-hujan-amazon-barat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/32160\/samudra-atlantik-kunci-curah-hujan-amazon-barat","title":{"rendered":"Samudra Atlantik, kunci curah hujan Amazon Barat"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pada 2010, bencana kebakaran besar mengoyak  wilayah Amazon barat, area hutan hujan yang hingga beberapa tahun lalu dianggap berada di luar jangkauan kekeringan serius.<\/p>\n<p>Kebakaran itu lanjutan kebakaran besar 2005, yang juga disebabkan kekeringan ekstrim.<\/p>\n<p>Dua lautan api mengancam masyarakat dan penghidupannya, mengirim <a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/28396\/best-predictor-of-severe-fires-in-the-western-amazon-drought#.VZNADHwcTmS\">gelombang masif karbon ke atmosfer<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Setiap kerusakan akibat kebakaran, hutan Amazon barat makin rentan <a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/6643\/western-amazon-in-the-grip-of-a-perfect-firestorm?utm_source=CIFOR%20Blog&amp;utm_medium=Further%20reading&amp;utm_campaign=Blog%20feature#.VZM_-3wcTmR\">kekeringan dan kebakaran lebih lanjut<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Dan inilah masalah besar yang menurut Lou Verchot, salah satu penulis <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/library\/5604\/decadal-co-variability-of-atlantic-ssts-and-western-amazon-dry-season-hydroclimate-in-observations-and-cmip5-simulations\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">penelitian baru<\/a> dan Direktur Penelitian Hutan dan Lingkungan <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional (CIFOR<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBanyak inisitatif mitigasi iklim memasukkan pengurangan karbon dioksida dari atmosfer dan menyimpannya di tahan dalam pohon dan hutan. Banyak inisiatif untuk merestorasi hutan terdegradasi atau perluasan agroforestri sebagai tindakan sekuestrasi karbon, misalnya,\u201d katanya.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Kebakaran berisiko besar pada investasi ini dan sekali kebakaran bisa menihilkan kerja satu dekade atau lebih. Jika kita bisa memprediksi kebakaran, kita dapat memfaktorkan elemen ini ke dalam skema sekuestrasi dan meningkatkan performa karbon<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u201cKebakaran berisiko besar pada investasi ini dan sekali kebakaran bisa menihilkan kerja satu dekade atau lebih. Jika kita bisa memprediksi risiko kebakaran, kita bisa memfaktorkan elemen ini ke dalam skema sekuestrasi karbon dan meningkatkan performa mereka.<\/p>\n<p><strong>MENYUSUN PUZZLE <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Louis Verchot bersama ilmuwan lain CIFOR dan <a href=\"http:\/\/iri.columbia.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI)<\/a> menemukan bagian solusi bisa berada ribuan kilometer dari Amazon Barat \u2013 di Samudera Atlantik.<\/p>\n<p>Jumlah hujan yang jatuh di lahan itu selama musim kering dapat <a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/20911\/climate-prediction-tools-show-role-of-oceans-in-amazon-drought#.UteJnmS1ae0?&amp;utm_source=CIFOR+Blog&amp;utm_medium=Further+reading&amp;utm_campaign=Blog+feature\">diprediksi dari suhu permukaan laut<\/a> Samudera Atlantik selama bulan-bulan sebelumnya, menurut <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/library\/5604\/decadal-co-variability-of-atlantic-ssts-and-western-amazon-dry-season-hydroclimate-in-observations-and-cmip5-simulations\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">penelitian 2011<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c2005 dan 2010 terjadi kekeringan aneh. Terjadi sangat sangat kuat\u2026 jadi kita mulai melihat tarikan dari Atlantik,\u201d kata penulis kepala, Katia Fernandes.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cKami melihat frekuensi kejadian kering dalam satu dekade dan menemukan bahwa makin besar frekuensi kering, atau tahun kering, terkait dengan pola samudera,\u201d kata Katia Fernandes.<\/p>\n<p>Pola samudera yang dipertanyakan adalah kehangatan relatif Samudera Atlantik Utara terkait dengan Selatan.<\/p>\n<p>Ketika lautan utara lebih hangat, penyangga-kelembaban <a href=\"http:\/\/www.srh.noaa.gov\/jetstream\/tropics\/itcz.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Zona Konvergensi Intertropis<\/a>, sebuah sabuk awan sepanjang ekuator, ditarik menjauh ke utara dari hutan hujan hingga mengurangi kelembaban yang dipindahkan dari Atlantik ke daratan.<\/p>\n<p>Hal itu berarti kurangnya hujan di Amazon barat.<\/p>\n<p>Apa yang baru sekarang sangat diapresiasi \u2013 melalui penelitian CIFOR \u2013 adalah jangkauan siklus panjang dekade dalam suhu laut tersinkronisasi dengan musim kering di Amazon barat.<\/p>\n<p>Menggunakan teknik statistik, peneliti mampu mengkuantifikasi hubungan siklus-dekade suhu air dengan hujan Amazon barat.<\/p>\n<p>Mereka menunjukkan, ketika Samudera Atlantik utara lebih hangat dibanding dua lautan, terdapat kemungkinan 66 persen tiga atau lebih tahun per dekade dengan musik kering \u2018kering\u2019. Hukungan juga berlaku kebalikannya, dengan tiga atau lebih musim kering \u2018hujan\u2019 (77 persen) per dekade ketika Atlantik selatan lebih hangat.<\/p>\n<p>Pada dekade terakhir, Altantik utara lebih hangat daripada dua lautan, yang dikatakan Katia Fernandes \u201cmenambah kesulitan\u201d setidaknya dalam kekeringan Amazon barat baru-baru ini.<\/p>\n<p><strong>ILMU PENGETAHUAN UNTUK PENGAMBIL KEPUTUSAN<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Memahami lebih baik faktor pengaruh hujan Amazon barat tidak hanya dilakukan untuk kepentingan presisi semata. Seperti dikatakan Katia Fernandes, sulit bagi pengambil keputusan menangkap temuan model iklim atau hidrologi yang fokus pada tren jangka panjang dan membuat perkiraan untuk \u2018akhir abad 21\u2019.\u2019<\/p>\n<p>Louis Verchot menyatakan ilmuwan bisa menghadapi \u201cmasalah relevansi\u201d jika mereka memproyeksi terlalu jauh ke masa depan.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>2005 dan 2010 terjadi kekeringan sangat aneh. Terjadi sangat sangat kuat. Kita melihat frekuensi kejadian kering dalam satu dekade dan menemukan bahwa besarnya frekuensi kekeringan, atau tahun kering, terkait dengan pola samudera.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u201cOrang berinvestasi dalam aktivitas pemanfaatan lahan dengan harapan keuntungan selama beberapa dekade, jadi masalah dalam 100 tahun tidak lantas relevan,\u201d katanya.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cDengan penelitian ini, kami menunjukkan bahwa risiko iklim terhadap investasi terhadap skala waktu konsisten dengan keputusan investasi, dapat dinilai. Jadi, investor dapat menggunakan informasi ini untuk mengurangi risiko dan meningkatkan performa perusahaan mereka.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Untuk Amazon barat, Katia Fernandes percaya ada potensi belum disadari agar lebih baik memprediksi probabilitas kondisi musim kering di masa depan, dalam siklus dekade panjang sama.<\/p>\n<p>Satu hasil membanggakan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa model iklim global yang digunakan <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Panel Perubahan Iklim Antar-pemerintah<\/a> bisa mereproduksi, atau menggabungkan, hubungan antara suhu lautan Atlantik dan curah hujan Amazon dalam skala dekade.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIni sesuatu yang belum dilihat sebelumnya,\u201d katanya. \u201cKita mampu menunjukkan bahwa model iklim global mampu mereproduksi tautan ini dengan cukup baik.<\/p>\n<p>Hasil itu bisa mengejutkan, ketika model tersebut dirancang untuk kegunaan lain: mensimulai respon atmosfer terhadap meningkatnya konsentrasi gas rumah kaca.<\/p>\n<p>Tetapi ini kejutan pembuka, dan seperti disarankan Fernandes bahwa model iklim global dirancang (atau disempurnakan) untuk mengukur fenomena siklus dekade \u201cterutama bisa memberi prediksi terpercaya frekuensi kejadian kekeringan di Amazon\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Dengan kerusakan kekeringan dan kebakaran yang bisa diakibatkan di wilayah ini, kemampuan memprediksi tampak berharga untuk diburu.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSaya pikir pekerjaan ini khususnya berharga karena membantu mengenalkan manajemen risiko ke dalam aksi mitigasi berbasis lahan,\u201d kata Louis Verchot.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIni memberi landasan bagi pendekatan baru adaptasi perubahan iklim\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Untuk informasi mengenai riset CIFOR di Amazon Barat silahkan menghubungi Louis Verchot \u2013<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><a href=\"mailto:l.verchot@cgiar.org\"><strong>l.verchot@cgiar.org<\/strong><\/a><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Untuk informasi lebih mengenai penelitian ini silahkan hubungi Katia Fernandes \u2013  <\/strong><a href=\"mailto:katia@iri.columbia.edu\"><strong>katia@iri.columbia.edu<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pada 2010, bencana kebakaran besar mengoyak wilayah Amazon barat, area hutan hujan yang hingga beberapa tahun lalu dianggap berada di luar jangkauan kekeringan serius. Kebakaran itu lanjutan kebakaran besar 2005, yang juga disebabkan kekeringan ekstrim. Dua lautan api mengancam masyarakat dan penghidupannya, mengirim gelombang masif karbon ke atmosfer. Setiap kerusakan akibat kebakaran, hutan Amazon barat [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":76,"featured_media":35563,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,180],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12263,12237,12215],"tag-bahasa":[2476,2688,2725,2640,2548,2916,2604,3680],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[739],"class_list":["post-32160","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-mitigating-climate-change","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-amazon","location-latin-america","location-global","tag-bahasa-adaptasi","tag-bahasa-amazon","tag-bahasa-amerika-latin","tag-bahasa-hujan","tag-bahasa-kebakaran-hutan","tag-bahasa-louis-verchot","tag-bahasa-mitigasi","tag-bahasa-perubahan-iklim"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Samudra Atlantik, kunci curah hujan Amazon Barat - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/32160\/samudra-atlantik-kunci-curah-hujan-amazon-barat\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Samudra Atlantik, kunci curah hujan Amazon Barat\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pada 2010, bencana kebakaran besar mengoyak wilayah Amazon barat, area hutan hujan yang hingga beberapa tahun lalu dianggap berada di luar jangkauan kekeringan serius. Kebakaran itu lanjutan kebakaran besar 2005, yang juga disebabkan kekeringan ekstrim. Dua lautan api mengancam masyarakat dan penghidupannya, mengirim gelombang masif karbon ke atmosfer. Setiap kerusakan akibat kebakaran, hutan Amazon barat [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/32160\/samudra-atlantik-kunci-curah-hujan-amazon-barat\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2015-08-19T03:27:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-02-07T04:42:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/FIRES-AMAZAON-HANS-PIXABAY-500x3331.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"333\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Samuel McGlennon\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/32160\\\/samudra-atlantik-kunci-curah-hujan-amazon-barat#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/32160\\\/samudra-atlantik-kunci-curah-hujan-amazon-barat\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Samuel McGlennon\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/e5c7569b7487878cd61b205e7c87b613\"},\"headline\":\"Samudra Atlantik, kunci curah hujan Amazon Barat\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-08-19T03:27:15+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-02-07T04:42:12+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/32160\\\/samudra-atlantik-kunci-curah-hujan-amazon-barat\"},\"wordCount\":798,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/32160\\\/samudra-atlantik-kunci-curah-hujan-amazon-barat#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2015\\\/08\\\/FIRES-AMAZAON-HANS-PIXABAY-500x3331.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Climate change &amp; energy\",\"Mitigation\"],\"inLanguage\":\"id\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/32160\\\/samudra-atlantik-kunci-curah-hujan-amazon-barat#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2015\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/32160\\\/samudra-atlantik-kunci-curah-hujan-amazon-barat\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/32160\\\/samudra-atlantik-kunci-curah-hujan-amazon-barat\",\"name\":\"Samudra Atlantik, kunci curah hujan Amazon Barat - Landscape Alliance Forests News\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/32160\\\/samudra-atlantik-kunci-curah-hujan-amazon-barat#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/32160\\\/samudra-atlantik-kunci-curah-hujan-amazon-barat#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2015\\\/08\\\/FIRES-AMAZAON-HANS-PIXABAY-500x3331.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-08-19T03:27:15+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-02-07T04:42:12+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/32160\\\/samudra-atlantik-kunci-curah-hujan-amazon-barat#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"id\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/32160\\\/samudra-atlantik-kunci-curah-hujan-amazon-barat\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"id\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/32160\\\/samudra-atlantik-kunci-curah-hujan-amazon-barat#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2015\\\/08\\\/FIRES-AMAZAON-HANS-PIXABAY-500x3331.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2015\\\/08\\\/FIRES-AMAZAON-HANS-PIXABAY-500x3331.jpg\",\"width\":500,\"height\":333,\"caption\":\"Sebuah penelitian baru yang mengeksplorasi faktor pengaruh curah hujan Amazon Barat adalah langkah besar memahami pola kebakaran dan kekeringan. 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