{"id":28131,"date":"2015-04-28T08:06:07","date_gmt":"2015-04-28T01:06:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=28131"},"modified":"2015-10-13T13:45:06","modified_gmt":"2015-10-13T06:45:06","slug":"satelit-juga-bisa-keliru-anjuran-untuk-berhati-hati-bagi-pengambil-kebijakan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/28131\/satelit-juga-bisa-keliru-anjuran-untuk-berhati-hati-bagi-pengambil-kebijakan","title":{"rendered":"Satelit juga bisa keliru: Anjuran untuk berhati-hati bagi pengambil kebijakan"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hilangnya wilayah hutan tropis tua akibat kebakaran dan perluasan pertanian selama beberapa dekade menjadi tantangan bagi para pengambil kebijakan, kelompok konservasi, dan pengelola hutan mencapai tujuan berkelanjutan.<\/p>\n

Sebagai bagian solusi memotong deforestasi tropis, tren kuat muncul dengan mencari-cari kesalahan \u2013 dan komoditas industri perkebunan yang paling banyak diperiksa.<\/p>\n

Peta menunjukkan batas dan kepemilikan bidang tanah, waktu, sebaran deforestasi dan kejadian kebakaran (dengan satelit), dikombinasikan dengan jasa pemetaan online<\/a> menjadi cara meningkatkan transparansi, keterperiksaan dan akuntabilitas sektor korporasi.<\/p>\n

Seringkali, LSM mengidentifikasi industri perkebunan sebagai penyebab utama deforestasi tropis, dan mereka berkampanye pada konsumen untuk memboikot produk pertanian dan kayu dari perusahaan internasional, yang dipandang bertanggungjawab atas aksi para suplier mereka.<\/p>\n

Untuk meredakan sorotan dan meningkatkan citra publik, bisnis minyak sawit yang dituding menjadi penyebab deforestasi di Asia Tenggara membuat standar melalui skema sertifikasi bekerjasama dengan LSM; Meja Bundar Minyak Sawit Berkelanjutan (RSPO)<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Pemerintah Indonesia dan Malaysia membuat standar wajib: Minyak Sawit Berkelanjutan Indonesia (ISPO)<\/a> dan Minyak Sawit Berkelanjutan Malaysia (MSPO)<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Inisiatif lain yang muncul seperti komitmen nol-deforestasi<\/a> dibuat oleh perusahaan-perusahaan kunci yang memproduksi dan\/atau memperdagangkan minyak sawit, bubur kertas dan kertas di Indonesia, serta kedelai di Brasil.<\/p>\n

Regulasi penting negara juga dikeluarkan untuk mengurangi asap kebakaran, seperti Akta Polusi Asap Lintas-batas (THPA)<\/a> Singapura.<\/p>\n

Semua itu contoh baru perusahaan dan pemerintah secara aktif bekerja sama membersihkan bisnis dari deforestasi dan kebakaran.<\/p>\n

PETA IDENTIFIKASI DAN PELANGGARAN<\/strong><\/p>\n

Semua inisiatif tersebut \u2013 skema sertifikasi, nol-deforestasi, THPA \u2013 sangat bergantung pada peta sebagai alat identifikasi penyebab dan pelanggaran.<\/p>\n

Di sini, kita berhati-hati karena penilaian sederhana deforestasi atau kebakaran di lahan konsesi menghadapi keterbatasan metodologis signifikan.<\/p>\n

Kekhawatiran ini dijustifikasi dengan meningkatnya ketergantungan pada metode yang dipuji karena relatif rendah biaya dan cocok untuk diseminasi cepat skala besar spasial dan temporer, dibantu perkembangan \u201cData Besar\u201d komputer.<\/p>\n

Peta secara inheren menyederhanakan kondisi nyata di lapangan. Setiap orang tahu itu. Peta rentan misinterpretasi yang mengarah pada konklusi keliru mengenai siapa yang disalahkan karena menghancurkan hutan. Ini bisa mengarah pada tidak tepatnya kebijakan.<\/p>\n

Contohnya, menggunakan citra satelit dan peta konsesi, LSM pemerhati baru-baru ini menyalahkan perusahaan karena merusak hutan di Kalimantan Indonesia ketika membangun perkebunan, dan menyimpulkan bahwa ia gagal mematuhi ikrar nol-deforestasi. Situasi di lapangan tampak lebih rumit. Perusahaan tertuduh tak akan mampu membangun lahan karena perlawanan dari penduduk lokal<\/a>. Dalam kasus ini, investigasi rinci lapangan diperlukan untuk mengidentifikasi tanggungjawab.<\/p>\n

Ini bukan kasus tersendiri. Banyak konsesi di Indonesia mengalami masalah serupa dalam mengontrol perbatasan. Hal ini sulit disimpulkan dari pemetaan deforestasi atau kebakaran dalam konsesi perusahaan yang bertanggungjawab terhadap masalah ini, ketika pengguna lahan lain menggunduli lahan di dalam konsesi untuk kepentingan sendiri<\/a> \u2013 biasanya untuk kelangsungan hidup mereka.<\/p>\n

Sebaliknya, deforestasi dalam konsesi tidak seharusnya menjadi fokus utama pemantauan tanggungjawab perusahaan, karena deforestasi akibat industri dapat terjadi di luar batas formal konsesi<\/a> dan memindahkan masyarakat ke lahan marjinal. Kita harus berupaya membedakan praktik baik dan buruk.<\/p>\n

TIDAK CUKUP ANALISIS SEDERHANA<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pemahaman bahwa penggundulan lahan di satu tempat dilakukan orang lain bukan pemilik lahan bukan hal baru.<\/p>\n

Setiap orang yang mengerahkan banyak waktu menginvestigasi klaim lahan dan hak kepemilikan mengetahui bahwa ini tumpang tindih. Pemanfaatan dan perebutan lahan di Indonesia terjadi karena kelindan hukum nasional, provinsi dan adat yang sering bertarung satu sama lain, menghasilkan kebingungan siapa pemilik lahan.<\/p>\n

Situasi ini diperburuk masuknya migran pencari lahan dan investasi perluasan pertanian oleh investor skala menengah yang tak jelas asalnya. Ketegangan \u2013 dan seringkali konflik \u2013 bisa muncul di antara pengguna lahan tersebut.<\/p>\n

Kendati demikian, kita masih bergantung pada analisis sederhana yang gagal menangkap kompleksitas ini. Masalahnya tidak hanya pada akurasi dan keadilan ketika menunjuk kesalahan, tetapi data tersebut berpengaruh dan bisa menghasilkan kebijakan misinformasi dengan konsekuensi buruk bagi tata kelola hutan berkelanjutan.<\/p>\n

Kita tidak bermaksud memberi cek kosong pada perusahaan atau menyalahkan penduduk desa atas hilangnya hutan alam di konsesi Indonesia. Banyak contoh perusahaan menggunduli wilayah hutan tua dan merampas hak sipil terekam dengan baik.<\/p>\n

Bagaimanapun, kita melihat tanda positif dan potensial dalam inisiatif \u201cnol-deforestasi\u201d untuk menyingkirkan deforestasi dan kebakaran dari rantai suplai serta meningkatkan pengaman sosial.<\/p>\n

Dengan mengaburkan praktik baik dan buruk, hanya sedikit dorongan bagi perwakilan sektor swasta terlibat dalam rencana ambisius mengubah praktik mereka.<\/p>\n

Ini adalah risiko yang dibawa oleh ketergantungan total terhadap analisis sederhana penginderaan jauh dalam memantau.<\/p>\n

Dalam keterbatasan itu, peta survei, satelit, dan jasa pemetaan online akan terus menjadi sumber informasi para pengambil keputusan dan LSM pemerhati melakukan perlindungan lingkungan.<\/p>\n

RUMIT DI LAPANGAN<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tantangan menangkap kompleksitas di lapangan dengan menggabungkan peta pintar dengan investigasi lapangan \u2013 sejatinya mengedepankan kemampuan kartografis kita, dan menggabungkannya dengan pendekatan tradisional lapangan. Citra satelit, dalam kondisi tertentu, dapat menilai penyebab dan tujuan perubahan wilayah hutan di dalam dan di luar konsesi serta menunjukkan konversi oleh perusahaan atau masyarakat. Peta konsesi lebih rinci juga bisa tersedia, artinya harus ada kemauan untuk terlibat dan kerjasama antara sektor publik dan swasta.<\/p>\n

Peta kompleks penyebaran kebakaran dan lintasan deforestasi menggunakan alur waktu data harian<\/p>\n

LANDSAT<\/a> dan MODIS<\/a> seharusnya digabungkan.<\/p>\n

Peta seharusnya menjadi titik awal bukan sumber informasi satu-satunya dan final.<\/p>\n

Pemetaan pintar adalah jalan penelitian yang kini diupayakan oleh Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional (CIFOR<\/a>).<\/p>\n

Aplikasinya nanti tidak hanya untuk kebakaran dan asap tetapi juga untuk ikrar nol-deforestasi dan utamanya bagi konservasi hutan alam.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

David Gaveau dan Romain Pirard adalah ilmuwan CIFOR. Untuk informasi lebih mengenai karya CIFOR dalam pemetaan pintar silahkan hubungi: <\/strong>d.gaveau@cgiar.org<\/a> atau <\/strong>r.pirard@cgiar.org<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hilangnya wilayah hutan tropis tua akibat kebakaran dan perluasan pertanian selama beberapa dekade menjadi tantangan bagi para pengambil kebijakan, kelompok konservasi, dan pengelola hutan mencapai tujuan berkelanjutan. Sebagai bagian solusi memotong deforestasi tropis, tren kuat muncul dengan mencari-cari kesalahan \u2013 dan komoditas industri perkebunan yang paling banyak diperiksa. Peta menunjukkan batas dan kepemilikan bidang tanah, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":104,"featured_media":28009,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,161,13],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12222],"tag-bahasa":[2522,2670,2684,2564,2645],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3087],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[1120,1649],"class_list":["post-28131","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-deforestation","category-governance","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-indonesia","tag-bahasa-deforestasi","tag-bahasa-kepemilikan-dan-hak-atas-lahan","tag-bahasa-nol-deforestasi","tag-bahasa-pemerintahan","tag-bahasa-penginderaan-jauh","type-bahasa-analisis"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSatelit juga bisa keliru: Anjuran untuk berhati-hati bagi pengambil kebijakan - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/28131\/satelit-juga-bisa-keliru-anjuran-untuk-berhati-hati-bagi-pengambil-kebijakan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Satelit juga bisa keliru: Anjuran untuk berhati-hati bagi pengambil kebijakan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hilangnya wilayah hutan tropis tua akibat kebakaran dan perluasan pertanian selama beberapa dekade menjadi tantangan bagi para pengambil kebijakan, kelompok konservasi, dan pengelola hutan mencapai tujuan berkelanjutan. 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