{"id":27242,"date":"2015-03-18T17:31:07","date_gmt":"2015-03-18T10:31:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=27242"},"modified":"2015-10-13T14:11:52","modified_gmt":"2015-10-13T07:11:52","slug":"merestorasi-bentang-alam-terdeforestasi-lebih-dari-sekadar-menanam-pohon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/27242\/merestorasi-bentang-alam-terdeforestasi-lebih-dari-sekadar-menanam-pohon","title":{"rendered":"Merestorasi bentang alam yang terdeforestasi lebih dari sekadar menanam pohon"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>LIMA, Peru \u2014 Untuk menghentikan hilangnya hutan dunia, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestlandscaperestoration.org\/topic\/bonn-challenge\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">negara-negara di bumi menetapkan target ambisius<\/a> menanami kembali 150 juta hektar lahan terdeforestasi dan terdegradasi hingga 2020. Negara-negara Amerika Latin dan Karibia <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wri.org\/our-work\/project\/initiative-20x20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">berjanji mulai merestorasi sedikitnya 20 juta hektare<\/a> pada saat itu.<\/p>\n<p>Tetapi terdapat lebih dari sekadar memenuhi target menanami pohon, menurut <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/journal\/forests\/special_issues\/governing_forest\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">sebuah rangkaian penelitian<\/a> yang dipublikasikan dalam sebuah edisi khusus jurnal Forests.<\/p>\n<p>Bagaimana negara mengelola lahan pertanian dan hutan memainkan peran lebih besar dalam keberhasilan atau kegagalan program restorasi, kata para peneliti.<\/p>\n<p>Restorasi ekologis \u2014 \u201cproses membantu penyehatan ekosistem yang terdegradasi, rusak, atau hancur,\u201d menurut Masyarakat Restorasi Ekosistem \u2014 membutuhkan komitmen jangka panjang di setiap tingkat pemerintah, pemilik lahan, korporasi, peneliti dan lainnya.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Baca penelitiannya <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/journal\/forests\/special_issues\/governing_forest\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Mengelola Restorasi Hutan: Dimensi Sosial, Lingkungan dan Kelembagaan<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u201cKami ingin tahu jangkauan sejauh mana teori dan praktik restorasi hutan dikontemplasikan pada rentang besar pemangku kepentingan, seraya mengkonfrontasikan baik peluang dan tantangan dalam menerapkan instrumen hukum dan kebijakan antar-sektor dari tingkat lokal hingga global,\u201d kata Manuel Guariguata, kepala penelitian produksi hutan <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional<\/a> (CIFOR) dan ko-editor edisi khusus tersebut.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSeperti disarankan laporan dalam edisi spesial, keberhasilan akhir inisiatif restorasi hutan seringkali dikaitkan dengan tantangan tata kelola sistemik, yang sering diabaikan selama perancangan proyek.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Dengan menyatukan hasil-hasil penelitian restorasi hutan dari seluruh dunia, edisi khusus, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/journal\/forests\/special_issues\/governing_forest\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Mengelola Restorasi Hutan: Dimensi Sosial, Lingkungan dan Kelembagaan<\/a>,\u201d memberi pengetahuan dalam keberhasilan, hambatan, dan prinsip-prinsip tata kelola yang diperlukan agar reforestasi bermanfaat bagi alam dan bagi manusia.<\/p>\n<p>Pada praktiknya, negara-negara harus memutuskan aktivitas yang akan diberikan stimulasi \u2014 restorasi penanaman, regenerasi alam, penanaman pohon eksotis, tata kelola hutan, atau kombinasi \u2014 dan mengidentifikasi tantangan utama implementasi, demikian menurut Pedro Brancalion, profesor silvikultur spesies asli di Universitas Sao Paulo Brasil dan ko-editor edisi khusus ini.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cNegara juga harus menetapkan lokasi aktivitas-aktivitas tersebut bisa tercapai dengan efektivitas-biaya lebih baik dan menyusun peta wilayah prioritas,\u201d kata Brancalion. \u201cMisalnya, lereng bisa memberi peluang biaya lahan lebih rendah dan ketahanan lebih tinggi dibanding wilayah datar.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Insentif ekonomi harus disediakan bagi petani atau pemilik lahan lain. Hal ini bisa berbentuk pembayaran jasa lingkungan, membangun pasar produk kayu dan produk hutan non-kayu dari lokasi restorasi, serta bantuan teknis untuk reforestasi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>RESTORASI: AMERIKA SELATAN<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Beberapa kemajuan sudah dicapai di Amerika Selatan, kata James Aronson, pemimpin kelompok restorasi ekologi di Pusat Ekologi Fungsional dan Evolusioner di Montpellier, Prancis, sekaligus salah seorang pendiri Aliansi Restorasi Modal Alam, sebuah jejaring organisasi dan individu yang terlibat dalam restorasi ekologis.<\/p>\n<p>Misalnya, Ekuador dan Kolumbia menyepakati rencana restorasi nasional ambisius. Pada November tahun lalu, perubahan Kode Sipil Argentina membuat lingkungan menjadi semacam \u201cbarang legal,\u201d yang akan memungkinkan masyarakat menuntut pemerintah untuk mengambil langkah menghentikan degradasi atau merestorasi ekosistem, katanya.<\/p>\n<p>Di pesisir Atlantik Brasil, di tempat hanya 12 persen tutupan hutan asli tersisa, sebuah koalisi lebih dari 260 pemangku kepentingan\u2014termasuk peneliti, organisasi nir-laba, badan pemerintah dan perusahaan swasta\u2014berkomitmen merestorasi 15 juta hektare lahan terdeforestasi dan terdegradasi pada 2050. Dengan pemerintah negara bagian juga memainkan peran penting, Pakta Restorasi Hutan Atlantik adalah sebuah contoh tata kelola bawah-ke-atas dan atas-ke-bawah, kata Aronson.<\/p>\n<p>Dan negara bagian Para di Brasil memimpin dengan cara berbeda, menjadi negara bagian pertama di Amazon Brasil yang mengadopsi definisi eksplisit hutan sekunder, berbasis karakteristik biofisik.<\/p>\n<p><strong>TANTANGAN \u2018SEKUNDER\u2019 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tetapi mengelola regenerasi alami hutan \u201csekunder\u201d memberi tantangan khusus, kata penulis <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4907\/5\/7\/1737\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">salah satu kajian<\/a> edisi khusus tersebut. Tantangan-tantangan tersebut termasuk terminologi dan definisi tidak jelas, inkonsistensi regulasi di beragam tingkat pemerintah, dan persepsi umum bahwa hutan sekunder bernilai rendah, padahal mereka seharusnya dipandang bermanfaat karena perannya merestorasi degradasi dengan memberi jasa lingkungan dan menjaga keragaman biologis.<\/p>\n<p>Mendorong restorasi melalui hutan alami sekunder adalah praktik berbiaya efektif, tetapi membutuhkan kombinasi pertimbangan teknis, sosio-ekonomi, politik dan perundangan, kata para penulis, yang menyeru dialog antar pengambil keputusan pertanian dan lingkungan.<\/p>\n<p><strong>TIDAK ADA PELURU PERAK<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Saat ini tidak ada kerangka kerja yang tidak ambigu mengenai cara terbaik dalam memandu proses pengambilan keputusan dan implementasi restorasi hutan dari tingkat nasional ke tingkat lokal, tulis peneliti <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4907\/5\/6\/1143\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">kajian<\/a> Indonesia dalam edisi khusus tersebut.<\/p>\n<p>Dengan komitmen internasional yang ada untuk restorasi hutan, penelitian lebih jauh dapat membantu mengatasi tantangan konseptual dan praktis, kata Guariguata.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cRestorasi hutan menjadi isu global hanya baru-baru ini. Selain membuka banyak peluang penelitian dan pengembangan, tetapi juga memberi tantangan besar,\u201d katanya \u201cBagaimana komitment baik ini memicu tingkat lokal secara efisien dan berkeadilan? Di mana mencari keseimbangan antara \u2018perintah dan kendali\u2019 oleh pemerintah nasional dan peran aktor non-pemerintah, fleksibilitas perundangan, dan instrumen berbasis pasar restorasi hutan berhasil?\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Untuk informasi lebih mengenai isu khusus, silahkan hubungi Manuel Guariguata di <\/strong><a href=\"mailto:m.guariguata@cgiar.org\"><strong>m.guariguata@cgiar.org<\/strong><\/a><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>LIMA, Peru \u2014 Untuk menghentikan hilangnya hutan dunia, negara-negara di bumi menetapkan target ambisius menanami kembali 150 juta hektar lahan terdeforestasi dan terdegradasi hingga 2020. Negara-negara Amerika Latin dan Karibia berjanji mulai merestorasi sedikitnya 20 juta hektare pada saat itu. Tetapi terdapat lebih dari sekadar memenuhi target menanami pohon, menurut sebuah rangkaian penelitian yang dipublikasikan [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":35886,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[161,137],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12231,12241,12255],"tag-bahasa":[3268,2587,2522,3824,3240,3822,3825,2554,3823],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[831],"class_list":["post-27242","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-deforestation","category-forest-management-restoration","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-brazil","location-colombia","location-ecuador","tag-bahasa-aforestasi","tag-bahasa-bentang-alam","tag-bahasa-deforestasi","tag-bahasa-james-aronson","tag-bahasa-manuel-guariguata","tag-bahasa-pedro-brancalion","tag-bahasa-pusat-ekologi-fungsional-dan-evolusioner","tag-bahasa-tata-kelola-hutan","tag-bahasa-universitas-sao-paulo-brasil","type-bahasa-berita"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Merestorasi bentang alam yang terdeforestasi lebih dari sekadar menanam pohon - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/27242\/merestorasi-bentang-alam-terdeforestasi-lebih-dari-sekadar-menanam-pohon\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Merestorasi bentang alam yang terdeforestasi lebih dari sekadar menanam pohon\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"LIMA, Peru \u2014 Untuk menghentikan hilangnya hutan dunia, negara-negara di bumi menetapkan target ambisius menanami kembali 150 juta hektar lahan terdeforestasi dan terdegradasi hingga 2020. 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