{"id":24683,"date":"2014-10-09T10:43:45","date_gmt":"2014-10-09T03:43:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=24683"},"modified":"2018-03-19T13:41:07","modified_gmt":"2018-03-19T06:41:07","slug":"deklarasi-new-york-tentang-hutan-memunculkan-pujian-sekaligus-kekhawatiran","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/24683\/deklarasi-new-york-tentang-hutan-memunculkan-pujian-sekaligus-kekhawatiran","title":{"rendered":"Deklarasi New York tentang hutan memunculkan pujian, sekaligus kekhawatiran"},"content":{"rendered":"

NEW YORK\u2014 Bagi kehutanan, ini adalah saat bersejarah.<\/p>\n

Deklarasi New York tentang hutan<\/a>, ditandatangani pekan lalu di KTT Iklim PBB, tidak hanya tercatat penting karena ambisi besarnya \u2013 memotong separuh deforestasi pada tahun 2020 dan berakhir di tahun 2030 \u2013 dan juga merupakan bentuk dukungan luas dari pemerintahan, korporasi, dan kelompok adat.<\/p>\n

Sejarah akan menunjukkan apakah pakta tersebut bisa berhasil, kata para pakar yang memuji deklarasi seraya menyuarakan keprihatinan atas beberapa keterbatasan.<\/p>\n

Daniel Nepstad:<\/a> Langkah ini sangat penting karena mencakup banyak inovasi yang akan datang \u2026 Dalam beberapa tahun mendatang, beserta kumpulan prinsip dan kriteria baru, hal ini bisa mempertajam taring menghadapi deforestasi<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u201cDukungan luas ini benar-benar sesuatu hasil baik dari Pekan Iklim<\/a>,\u201d kata Peter Holmgren, Direktur Jenderal Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional (CIFOR)<\/a>. \u201cTidak setiap tahun pemimpin negara berkumpul dan Anda dapat mendengarkan mereka berbicara tentang hutan, pertanian dan komitmen-komitmen.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cDan korporasi swasta bergerak menuju arah yang kami pikir bagus: memasukkan perubahan iklim ke dalam rantai nilai dan mengartikannya sebagai peluang bisnis.\u201d<\/p>\n

Lebih dari 30 negara dan 30 korporasi menandatangani deklarasi, termasuk Golden Agri-Resources, Cargill, Asia Pulp and Paper, McDonald\u2019s, Nestle dan Kellogg\u2019s.<\/p>\n

Carlos Nobre:<\/a> Brasil tidak menandatangani untuk diplomasi dan, katakanlah, ada restriksi legal, karena dinyatakan \u2018nol deforestasi,\u2019 dan hukum Brasil sekarang membolehkan sedikit deforestasi<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u201cTujuan mencoba dan menghapus deforestasi, terlibat dengan sektor swasta ini baru dan bermanfaat, dan saya pikir ini yang kita saksikan di sepanjang pekan iklim di New York,\u201d kata Louis Verchot, Direktur Riset Hutan dan Lingkungan CIFOR. \u201cPelibatan sektor swasta ada di tingkat lebih tinggi dibanding masa lalu.\u201d<\/p>\n

PENOLAKAN BRASIL<\/strong><\/p>\n

Di tengah penandatanganan Deklarasi, ada satu ketidakhadiran yang perlu dicatat.<\/p>\n

Penolakan Brasil menandatangani deklarasi berbanding terbalik dengan kemajuan negara ini menurunkan laju deforestasi.<\/p>\n

Dalam 10 tahun terakhir, tingkat deforestasi Brasil turun hampir 80 persen, meski sepanjang tahun 2013 menunjukkan peningkatan kecil akan lahan terdeforestasi.<\/p>\n

\u201cBrasil tidak menandatangani demi diplomasi dan, katakanlah, ada restriksi legal, karena dinyatakan \u2018nol deforestasi,\u2019 dan hukum Brasil membolehkan sedikit deforestasi,\u201d papar Carlos Nobre, Sekretaris Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kebijakan di bawah Kementerian Ilmu Pengetahuan, Teknologi & Inovasi. \u201cMeskipun Brasil serius untuk nol deforestasi segera.\u201d<\/p>\n

MEMOTONG KARBON, MENYERAP KARBON<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jika berhasil, deklarasi ini bisa memberi dampak panjang tidak hanya pada hutan tetapi juga iklim: Emisi karbon yang disebabkan deforestasi bisa dikurangi 4,5 miliar hingga 8,8 miliar ton per tahun \u2013 catatan emisi kotor tahunan AS. Hutan juga memainkan sebagai jaring pengaman dalam sistem iklim saat ini, menyerap hingga 45 persen emisi karbon.<\/p>\n

Eduardo Brond\u00edzio:<\/a> Saya tidak berpikir ini cukup mengangkat potensi ekonomi hutan \u2026 Hutan adalah pusat ekonomi.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Sebagai tambahan efektivitas penyerap karbon, hutan memainkan peran kunci dalam bentang alam untuk mendukung produktivitas pertanian melalui jasa lingkungan seperti polinasi, menjaga kualitas air, pengisian air tanah, dan menjaga kualitas tanah. Diperkirakan sekitar 1,6 juta orang tinggal dan berada di sekitar hutan sangat bergantung pada hutan untuk penghidupan mereka.<\/p>\n

BEBERAPA KEPRIHATINAN<\/strong><\/p>\n

Selain pujian untuk deklarasi, terdapat beberapa sorotan terhadap pendekatannya.<\/p>\n

\u201cDeklarasi PBB melangkah jauh mengakui hutan sebagai target utama konservasi dan mitigasi perubahan iklim dalam 10 dan 20 tahun ke depan,\u201d kata Eduardo Brondizio, Profesor Antropologi dan Ajun Profesor Ilmu Lingkungan dan Geografi Universitas Indiana. \u201cDi pihak lain, tampaknya hanya lebih menempatkan hutan pada sisi konservasi semata daripada sisi tata kelola.\u201d<\/p>\n

Louis Verchot:<\/a> Terdapat elemen positif (Deklarasi), tetapi kekurangannya juga signifikan<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Beberapa pakar juga menyuarakan keprihatinan bahwa deklarasi mengisolasi hutan, memisahkannya dari peran interkoneksi dengan penggunaan lahan lain.<\/p>\n

\u201cDeklarasi sedikit kurang dalam memfokuskan hutan sebagai entitas dan tidak hanya hutan sebagai entitas dalam lanskap,\u201d kata Verchot.<\/p>\n

\u201cPertanian, kehutanan dan penggunaan lahan akan menjadi deklarasi yang benar-benar bagus.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cPertanian menyebabkan 80 persen deforestasi di wilayah tropis dan menjadi penyebab hilangnya keragaman hayati,\u201d lanjutnya. Tetapi pertanian juga penting bagi penghidupan manusia \u2013 di Afrika saja, katanya, pertanian menyediakan penghidupan dan pencaharian bagi 80 persen populasi seluruh benua tersebut.<\/p>\n

Hutan, sementara itu, \u201cmenyediakan semua bentuk jasa lingkungan termasuk untuk menyokong pertanian, keamanan pangan dan menyeimbangkan nutrisi,\u201d kata Verchot. \u201cOleh karena itu mengurusi hutan dan pertanian secara terpisah tidak beralasan. Kedua sistem penggunaan lahan ini sangat penting bagi kesejahteraan manusia, dan pertukaran antara dua penggunaan lahan ini lah yang perlu diakui dan dikelola.<\/p>\n

Holmgren setuju.<\/p>\n

\u201cTerdapat rujukan silang antara deklarasi hutan dan deklarasi pertanian, dan pengaturan kelembagaan bagi dua sektor ini masih terpisah,\u201d katanya.<\/p>\n

\u201cIni membatasi pilihan kita. Kita memiliki peluang lebih baik untuk menemukan solusi jika kita memperhatikan sektor-sektor ini.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

NEW YORK\u2014 Bagi kehutanan, ini adalah saat bersejarah. Deklarasi New York tentang hutan, ditandatangani pekan lalu di KTT Iklim PBB, tidak hanya tercatat penting karena ambisi besarnya \u2013 memotong separuh deforestasi pada tahun 2020 dan berakhir di tahun 2030 \u2013 dan juga merupakan bentuk dukungan luas dari pemerintahan, korporasi, dan kelompok adat. Sejarah akan menunjukkan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":24541,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,137,1072],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12215],"tag-bahasa":[4242,2892,2522,2818,4243,2500,2916,2929],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[208],"class_list":["post-24683","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-forest-management-restoration","category-landscapes","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-global","tag-bahasa-carlos-nobre","tag-bahasa-daniel-nepstad","tag-bahasa-deforestasi","tag-bahasa-deklarasi-new-york-tentang-hutan","tag-bahasa-eduardo-brondizio","tag-bahasa-emisi-karbon","tag-bahasa-louis-verchot","tag-bahasa-peter-holmgren","type-bahasa-berita"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDeklarasi New York tentang hutan memunculkan pujian, sekaligus kekhawatiran - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/24683\/deklarasi-new-york-tentang-hutan-memunculkan-pujian-sekaligus-kekhawatiran\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Deklarasi New York tentang hutan memunculkan pujian, sekaligus kekhawatiran\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"NEW YORK\u2014 Bagi kehutanan, ini adalah saat bersejarah. 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