{"id":24147,"date":"2014-09-15T14:08:34","date_gmt":"2014-09-15T07:08:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=24147"},"modified":"2015-10-16T11:10:21","modified_gmt":"2015-10-16T04:10:21","slug":"sebelum-karbon-dihitung-indikator-kebijakan-menawarkan-cara-mengukur-kemajuan-redd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/24147\/sebelum-karbon-dihitung-indikator-kebijakan-menawarkan-cara-mengukur-kemajuan-redd","title":{"rendered":"Sebelum karbon dihitung, indikator kebijakan tawarkan cara mengukur kemajuan REDD+"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>BOGOR, Indonesia \u2014 Negara-negara dapat mengukur kemajuan REDD+ dengan menilai kebijakan lingkungan mereka, bahkan jika struktur pemerintah yang suportif tidak ada dan mereka tidak siap mengukur reduksi emisi karbon, demikian menurut <a href=\"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/ref\/10.1080\/14693062.2014.852022#.UuCb-LSwqUk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">penelitian terbaru<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Gagasan REDD+ (<a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/gcs?_ga=1.74200081.2037507436.1376965167\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Reduksi Emisi dari Deforestasi dan Degradasi hutan<\/a>) adalah untuk mendorong negara berkembang menjaga tegakan pohon dengan memberi nilai finansial karbon dalam pohon, dengan pembayaran dari negara lebih makmur berdasar pada hasil pengukuran.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Di negara dimana kepemimpinan politik berkomitmen pada REDD+, bahkan dimana tata kelola hutan masih defisit, kemajuan kebijakan masih mungkin terjadi dan dapat diobservasi \u2013 dan oleh karena itu bisa diukur.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Emisi karbon dari deforestasi dan degradasi hutan bertanggungjawab terhadap lebih dari 10 persen total emisi global, jadi memotong emisi ini sangat penting untuk memitigasi perubahan iklim dan dampak bahayanya.<\/p>\n<p>Tetapi, walaupun menekankan pada mengukur karbon, menjaga tegakan pohon dimulai dengan membentuk tata kelola dan kebijakan, kata penulis penelitian, dan proses tersebut dapat \u2013 dan seharusnya \u2013 bisa juga diukur.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBagi negara, untuk berhasil dengan REDD+, ada kebutuhan untuk menyesuaikan diri dengan konteks tata kelola dan kebijakan yang ada,\u201d kata penulis utama Kaisa Korhonen-Kurki, dari Pusat Penelitian Lingkungan Universitas Helsinki dan Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional (CIFOR).<\/p>\n<p>\u201cJadi penting mengukur indikator kebijakan untuk melihat apakah sebuah negara memiliki kebijakan lingkungan yang diperlukan untuk menjaga tegakan pohon dan menyimpan karbon,\u201d tambahnya.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cDan kita lihat bahwa, di negara di mana kepemimpinan politik berkomitmen pada REDD+, bahkan di mana tata kelola hutan masih defisit, kemajuan kebijakan masih mungkin terjadi dan bisa diobservasi \u2013 dan oleh karena itu bisa diukur.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><b>MENCIPTAKAN KONDISI<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Untuk mengidentifikasi faktor dan kondisi kebijakan yang diperlukan jika REDD+ ingin dibangun secara formal di tingkat nasional, Korhonen-Kurki dan para peneliti melakukan <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/online-library\/browse\/view-publication\/publication\/4278.html?_ga=1.74200081.2037507436.1376965167\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">analisis kualitatif komparatif<\/a> di 12 negara berkembang dan negara maju kaya hutan.<\/p>\n<p>Mereka menemukan hanya tiga negara \u2013 Brasil, Indonesia dan Vietnam \u2013 telah membangun perubahan <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/online-library\/browse\/view-publication\/publication\/3819.html?_ga=1.117054085.2037507436.1376965167\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">kebijakan transformasional terarah<\/a> secara komprehensif. Kemajuan mereka terkait dengan <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/online-library\/browse\/view-publication\/publication\/3816.html?_ga=1.15850293.2037507436.1376965167\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">faktor pendorong, atau karakteristik<\/a>, dalam arena pengaturan kelembagaan dan kebijakan \u2013 menunjukkan bahwa negara lain masih berupaya mewujudkannya.<\/p>\n<p>Faktor pendorong pertama, sama di semua tiga negara, yaitu sudah menginisiasi semacam perubahan kebijakan sebelum REDD+ berjalan. Misalnya, <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/online-library\/browse\/view-publication\/publication\/4247.html?_ga=1.15850293.2037507436.1376965167\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Vietnam meluncurkan Pembayaran nasional untuk program Jasa Lingkungan Hutan pada 2008<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Ketidakhadiran perubahan sebelumnya tidak menghalangi negara lain membangun kebijakan REDD+, Korhonen Kurki menyatakan \u2013 \u201chanya membutuhkan lebih banyak waktu bagi mereka,\u201d katanya.<\/p>\n<p>Tetapi perubahan kebijakan sebelumnya sendiri tidak cukup, kata penelitian tersebut.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c<a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/online-library\/browse\/view-publication\/publication\/3287.html?_ga=1.15850293.2037507436.1376965167\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Brasil<\/a> dan <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/online-library\/browse\/view-publication\/publication\/3737.html?_ga=1.117103621.2037507436.1376965167\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Vietnam<\/a>, misalnya, juga memiiki tampilan kuci legislasi kehutanan, kebijakan dan tatak kelola efektif, sementara Indonesia berada di bawah tekanan tinggi berkurangnya sumber daya hutan,\u201d kata Korhonen Kurki.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cKombinasi faktor-faktor terseut dengan perubahan kebijakan sebelumnya membuat perbedaan.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Mengevaluasi kemajuan kebijakan berbeda dari mengukur karbon<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Pertanyaan berikut yang mereka cari adalah apakah masyarakat dilibatkan dalam arena kebijakan \u2013 aktor kebijakan \u2013 dapat menggunakan pengaturan kelembagaan untuk mencapai perubahan. Analisis mengindikasikan bahwa negara-negara lebih mungkin berhasil jika mereka secara nasional memiliki REDD+ (yaitu, negara memimpin proses dibanding, misalnya, aktor internasional) dan jika koalisi aktor kebijakan yang mengincar perubahan transformasional berjalan aktif.<\/p>\n<p><b>MENGUKUR PERUBAHAN<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Temuan penelitian dapat memandu pengambil kebijakan dan pelaksana program kemana mereka bisa merujuk ketika menilai kemajuan mereka dan ingin bergerak lebih cepat, saran penelitian ini.<\/p>\n<p>Di sinilah masuknya indikator yang dapat diukur. \u201cMengevaluasi kemajuan kebijakan berbeda dengan mengukur karbon. Pada karbon, kita mudah mengkuantifikasi,\u201d kata Korhonen-Kurki.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cTetapi menjadi sulit untuk mendefinisikan faktor itu sendiri. Apa maksudnya \u2018kepemilikan nasional\u2019, atau \u2018legislasi efektif\u2019, atau \u2018koalisi transformasional\u2019?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Usulan indikator kepemilikan nasional, misalnya, apakah \u201cformulasi kebijakan REDD+ dipimpin oleh lembaga politik nasional\u201d daripada oleh aktor internasional seperti pakar luar negeri dan donor. Sebuah contoh satu indikator legislasi efektif adalah \u201cimplementasi efektif dan mekanisme penguatan.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Bagi setiap indikator, ketidakadaan tidak lantas dinilai irrelevan, tetapi diukur dan dimasukkan. Contohnya, ketidakhadiran koalisi transformasional bisa ditandai dengan dominasi media dan lingkaran politik dari \u201ckoalisi pendukung status quo dan business as usual.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Penelitian juga memberi indikator hasil keseluruhan kebijakan yang terbangun. Seperti banyak faktor individual, beberapa indikator harus ada.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cKenyataannya rumit, dan hasilnya selalu penggabungan beragam isu,\u201d kata Korhonen-Kurki.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cDi dunia nyata, tidak pernah ada faktor tunggal yang bisa mengarah pada hasil, karena semua berubah dalam konteksnya. Konteks dan kombinasi beragam faktor selalu dipertimbangkan.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Keinginan para penulis menangkap konteks dalam 12 negara yang diteliti menentukan pilihan metodologi mereka, yang dilakukkan terkait kertas kerja yang dipublikasikan CIFOR, \u201c<a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/online-library\/browse\/view-publication\/publication\/4278.html?_ga=1.117103621.2037507436.1376965167\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Analisis kualitatif komparatif (QCQ): Sebuah aplikasi untuk membandingkan proses kebijakan REDD+ nasional.<\/a>\u201d<\/p>\n<p><b>Untuk informasi lebih mengenai topik diskusi dalam artikel ini, silahkan hubungi Maria Brockhaus di <\/b><a href=\"mailto:m.brockhaus@cgiar.org\"><b>m.brockhaus@cgiar.org<\/b><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><i>Penelitian CIFOR mengenai REDD+ merupakan bagian dari <a href=\"http:\/\/www.foreststreesagroforestry.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Program Riset CGIAR mengenai Hutan, Pohon dan Agroforestri<\/a>. <\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>BOGOR, Indonesia \u2014 Negara-negara dapat mengukur kemajuan REDD+ dengan menilai kebijakan lingkungan mereka, bahkan jika struktur pemerintah yang suportif tidak ada dan mereka tidak siap mengukur reduksi emisi karbon, demikian menurut penelitian terbaru. Gagasan REDD+ (Reduksi Emisi dari Deforestasi dan Degradasi hutan) adalah untuk mendorong negara berkembang menjaga tegakan pohon dengan memberi nilai finansial karbon [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":94,"featured_media":36076,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,151],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12231,12222,12267],"tag-bahasa":[2503,2500,3245,2564,2819],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[1048],"class_list":["post-24147","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-redd-2","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-brazil","location-indonesia","location-vietnam","tag-bahasa-cadangan-karbon","tag-bahasa-emisi-karbon","tag-bahasa-kaisa-korhonen-kurki","tag-bahasa-pemerintahan","tag-bahasa-redd","type-bahasa-berita"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.8 (Yoast SEO v28.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Sebelum karbon dihitung, indikator kebijakan tawarkan cara mengukur kemajuan REDD+ - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/24147\/sebelum-karbon-dihitung-indikator-kebijakan-menawarkan-cara-mengukur-kemajuan-redd\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sebelum karbon dihitung, indikator kebijakan tawarkan cara mengukur kemajuan REDD+\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"BOGOR, Indonesia \u2014 Negara-negara dapat mengukur kemajuan REDD+ dengan menilai kebijakan lingkungan mereka, bahkan jika struktur pemerintah yang suportif tidak ada dan mereka tidak siap mengukur reduksi emisi karbon, demikian menurut penelitian terbaru. Gagasan REDD+ (Reduksi Emisi dari Deforestasi dan Degradasi hutan) adalah untuk mendorong negara berkembang menjaga tegakan pohon dengan memberi nilai finansial karbon [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/24147\/sebelum-karbon-dihitung-indikator-kebijakan-menawarkan-cara-mengukur-kemajuan-redd\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2014-09-15T07:08:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2015-10-16T04:10:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/QCA-blog-foto-500x332_bhs.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"332\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Imogen Badgery-Parker\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/24147\\\/sebelum-karbon-dihitung-indikator-kebijakan-menawarkan-cara-mengukur-kemajuan-redd#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/24147\\\/sebelum-karbon-dihitung-indikator-kebijakan-menawarkan-cara-mengukur-kemajuan-redd\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Imogen Badgery-Parker\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/b432e2c85d34ce3bae91c0c84bc7a433\"},\"headline\":\"Sebelum karbon dihitung, indikator kebijakan tawarkan cara mengukur kemajuan REDD+\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-09-15T07:08:34+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2015-10-16T04:10:21+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/24147\\\/sebelum-karbon-dihitung-indikator-kebijakan-menawarkan-cara-mengukur-kemajuan-redd\"},\"wordCount\":738,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/24147\\\/sebelum-karbon-dihitung-indikator-kebijakan-menawarkan-cara-mengukur-kemajuan-redd#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2014\\\/09\\\/QCA-blog-foto-500x332_bhs.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Climate change &amp; 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