{"id":23034,"date":"2014-06-23T12:56:19","date_gmt":"2014-06-23T05:56:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=23034"},"modified":"2018-02-07T16:09:01","modified_gmt":"2018-02-07T09:09:01","slug":"bagaimana-penebangan-selektif-bisa-membantu-melindungi-hutan-indonesia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/23034\/bagaimana-penebangan-selektif-bisa-membantu-melindungi-hutan-indonesia","title":{"rendered":"Bagaimana penebangan selektif bisa membantu melindungi hutan Indonesia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Catatan editor:<\/strong> Artikel ini telah dipublikasikan di harian <a href=\"http:\/\/www.thejakartaglobe.com\/environment\/giving-value-logged-forests\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Jakarta Globe<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Kebanyakan pemerintahan berpikir, menetapkan wilayah konservasi seperti taman nasional dengan cara melarang kehadiran manusia adalah cara terbaik melindungi hutan tropis. Namun, adanya tuntutan ekonomi, tekanan sosial terhadap lahan, serta biaya menjaga hutan, wilayah konservasi cenderung menjadi bagian kecil dari lanskap tropis.<\/p>\n<p>Beberapa konservasionis kini mengusulkan, yaitu menggabungkan wilayah terlindung dengan konsesi penebangan bagi pelestarian lanskap hutan yang lebih luas ketimbang perlindungan potensi wilayah yang terpisah. Ketika konsesi penebangan \u2013 anugerah hutan alam dijual ke perusahaan untuk panenan kayu alam \u2013 ditambahkan ke wilayah perlindungan, hal ini mewakili peluang bagi penjagaan lanskap hutan yang lebih luas dan lebih terkait. Pendekatan ini mempunyai manfaat peningkatan pendapatan dan lapangan kerja \u2013 menjadikannya lebih mudah mendapat dukungan politik dan publik bagi konservasi.<\/p>\n<p>Integrasi konsesi penebangan dalam strategi proteksi hutan beralasan di negara seperti Indonesia, ketika manajemen wilayah terlindung tetap lemah, saat pemerintah mencari peluang ekonomi bagi rakyatnya, sewaktu urgensi tindakan konservasi tinggi, dan ketika konsesi penebangan terjadi secara de fakto di wilayah terlindung karena pelarangan konversi ke perkebunan.<\/p>\n<p>Panen kayu di konsesi penebangan di Indonesia bersifat selektif. Manajer konsesi menebang hanya pohon-pohon yang bernilai komersil dengan batas diameter tertentu, meninggalkan tegakan pohon lain untuk regenerasi jangka panjang. Antara dua dan 20 pohon dipilih untuk ditebang di tiap hektare hutan, sekali setiap beberapa dekade. Umumnya, cara ini meninggalkan lebih dari 90 persen tegakan pohon, dan meninggalkan vegetasi tetap menjadi hutan.<\/p>\n<p>Tidak hanya penebangan menjadi selektif menjaga struktur hutan, tetapi juga hutan tropis yang telah ditebang dapat terjaga kekayaan biologisnya. Sebuah penelitian global terbaru menyimpulkan, ekstraksi kayu di hutan tropis memberi dampak ringan akan keragaman hayati, sebab 85 persen hingga 100 persen mamalia, burung, invertebrata, dan spesies pohon tetap berada di hutan yang pernah dipanen. Sehingga tampaklah bahwa konsesi penebangan bisa digunakan sebagai intervensi konservasi dalam  menjaga hutan Indonesia. Walaupun, amatan ini tentu memiliki beberapa catatan.<\/p>\n<p>Kita meminta konsesi penebangan untuk menjaga tutupan hutan hanya jika mereka tidak di-reklasifikasi untuk perkebunan sawit atau <em>Acacia<\/em> (bubur kertas). Ini titik krusial, karena meski wilayah konsesi kayu secara resmi diperlukan untuk menjaga tutupan hutan permanen, klasifikasinya bisa dengan mudah diubah. Contohnya, antara tahun 2000 dan 2010, pemerintah pusat dan provinsi mereklasifikasi 25 persen wilayah penebangan kayu alam di Kalimantan untuk digunakan sebagai perkebunan sawit, yang secara substansial melegalisasi deforestasi.<\/p>\n<p>Hutan telah ditebang, dan dikeluarkan juga dari moratorium terbaru menjadi perkebunan dalam wilayah hutan, sehingga konversi hutan tetap berlanjut. Ada sedikit keraguan bahwa reklasifikasi hutan telah ditebang menjadi perkebunan industri terfasilitasi penilaian meluas yang menyamakan hutan telah ditebang menjadi \u201cterdegradasi\u201d atau \u201csekunder\u201d, tidak layak dalam pertimbangan konservasi.<\/p>\n<p>Jika kita memberi perhatian lebih besar terhadap hutan telah ditebang, manfaat perlindungan bisa menjadi lebih baik. Pengambil kebijakan, pejabat dan staf konsesi seharusnya didorong untuk turut menghargai nilai tata kelola, baik bagi hutan telah ditebang serta nilai konservasi globalnya. Penetapan Taman Nasional Sebangau seluas 5.700 kilometer persegi di tahun 2004, sebuah wilayah yang telah ditebangi sepanjang tahun 1990, dan menyimpan populasi orang utan terbesar di Kalimantan, memberi indikasi bahwa Pemerintah Indonesia mengakui akan nilai hutan telah ditebang bagi konservasi keanekaragaman hayati. Pemerintah seharusnya melangkah lebih jauh dalam arah ini, dan merancang semua konsesi penebangan tersisa sebagai wilayah perlindungan dalam kategori Wilayah Terlindung Kategori VI ketetapan dari International Union for Conservation of Nature\u2019s (IUCN) guna melindungi hutan dari reklasifikasi menjadi perkebunan.<\/p>\n<p>Basis Data Wilayah Terlindung Dunia memiliki banyak contoh hutan perlindungan permanen di mana ekstraksi kayu keras terjadi. Contohnya, menambahkan konsesi penebangan Kalimantan ke dalam jaringan wilayah terlindung bisa meningkatkan hutan terlindung permanen di Kalimantan hingga 248.305 kilometer persegi.<\/p>\n<p>Perubahan ini memerlukan pergeseran pola pikir para produser, pemerintah, dan kelompok konservasi, secara khusus karena kebijakan pemerintah tidak menjamin status konsesi kayu permanen sebagai hutan alam.<\/p>\n<p>Tetap saja, keputusan seperti ini akan memberi manfaat jangka panjang kehidupan alam dan menjaga jasa lingkungan hutan, sambil terus mengembangkan pendapatan dari hutan. Perubahan seperti ini diperlukan untuk mencapai praktik kehutanan berkelanjutan, yang telah lama menjadi tujuan Kementerian Kehutanan; lebih jauh lagi, struktur hutan permanen dan tak terganggu seperti ini akan bernilai dalam program Reduksi Emisi akibat Deforestasi dan Degradasi hutan (REDD+) masa depan, Indonesia akan menerima pembayaran dengan mengurangi kehilangan dan kerusakan hutan.<\/p>\n<p>Pemerintah Indonesia telah mengambil langkah jangka panjang memelihara hutan telah ditebang. Mengakui pentingnya konsesi hutan bagi keanekaragaman hayati, pertumbuhan ekonomi, dan aspirasi sosial, pemerintah meluncurkan konsep Restorasi Ekosistem tahun 2007. Lisensi restorasi ekosistem diberikan pada perusahaan dengan periode 60 tahun dan dapat diperpanjang sekali untuk 35 tahun. Tujuannya adalah untuk memungkinkan hutan yang telah ditebang parah mengembalikan potensi mereka menghasilkan kayu komersial sambil menjaga tingkat minimum jasa ekosistem.<\/p>\n<p>Walaupun, inisiatif ini mengalami awalan lambat, dan hingga 2012, hanya 1.005 kilometer persegi di dua wilayah \u2013 sekitar 0,9 persen wilayah konsesi total Kalimantan \u2013 diberikan lisensi restorasi ekosistem.<\/p>\n<p>Kendala utama proteksi permanen hutan telah ditebang di Indonesia adalah tingginya potensi ekonomi perkebunan sawit. Keuntungan perkebunan jauh lebih tinggi daripada memanen kayu dalam hutan alam. Konversi hutan telah ditebang menjadi perkebunan karena alasan ekonomi jangka pendek. Apa yang mungkin diabaikan dalam keputusan politis terkait konversi penggunaan lahan itu adalah nilai signifikan hutan alami bagi kesejahteraan masyarakat Kalimantan. Hal ini mencakup tidak hanya orang yang tinggal dekat hutan, tetapi banyak orang di sepanjang aliran sungai dan wilayah pesisir yang terpengaruh dampak lingkungan negatif (polusi udara, peningkatan temperatur, banjir, dll.) akibat dari penggunaan lahan tidak lestari.<\/p>\n<p>Semua manfaat yang diberikan oleh perkebunan bagi masyarakat, buruknya perhitungan dampak negatif melemahkan pengambilan keputusan politis yang bisa memaksimalkan kesejahteraan Indonesia. Dalam pentingnya penebangan hutan (\u201csekunder\u201d) bagi konservasi keragaman hayati serta aspirasi sosial, dan cepatnya hutan-hutan ini direklasifikasi menjadi perkebunan, Indonesia bisa dengan baik meminimalisasi konversi hutan alam menjadi perkebunan dan memperluas potensi restorasi hutan.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Catatan editor: Artikel ini telah dipublikasikan di harian Jakarta Globe Kebanyakan pemerintahan berpikir, menetapkan wilayah konservasi seperti taman nasional dengan cara melarang kehadiran manusia adalah cara terbaik melindungi hutan tropis. Namun, adanya tuntutan ekonomi, tekanan sosial terhadap lahan, serta biaya menjaga hutan, wilayah konservasi cenderung menjadi bagian kecil dari lanskap tropis. Beberapa konservasionis kini mengusulkan, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":104,"featured_media":22926,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[182,161,137,173,13,95,1072],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12222],"tag-bahasa":[2587,2522,2696,2637,2516,2520,2554,2656],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3087],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[1120],"class_list":["post-23034","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-community-forestry","category-deforestation","category-forest-management-restoration","category-gender-justice-tenure","category-governance","category-human-wellbeing","category-landscapes","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-indonesia","tag-bahasa-bentang-alam","tag-bahasa-deforestasi","tag-bahasa-kalimantan","tag-bahasa-kawasan-lindung","tag-bahasa-kehutanan-masyarakat","tag-bahasa-konservasi","tag-bahasa-tata-kelola-hutan","tag-bahasa-tebang-pilih","type-bahasa-analisis"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Bagaimana penebangan selektif bisa membantu melindungi hutan Indonesia - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/23034\/bagaimana-penebangan-selektif-bisa-membantu-melindungi-hutan-indonesia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bagaimana penebangan selektif bisa membantu melindungi hutan Indonesia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Catatan editor: Artikel ini telah dipublikasikan di harian Jakarta Globe Kebanyakan pemerintahan berpikir, menetapkan wilayah konservasi seperti taman nasional dengan cara melarang kehadiran manusia adalah cara terbaik melindungi hutan tropis. Namun, adanya tuntutan ekonomi, tekanan sosial terhadap lahan, serta biaya menjaga hutan, wilayah konservasi cenderung menjadi bagian kecil dari lanskap tropis. Beberapa konservasionis kini mengusulkan, [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/23034\/bagaimana-penebangan-selektif-bisa-membantu-melindungi-hutan-indonesia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2014-06-23T05:56:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-02-07T09:09:01+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/Gav-POLEX-foto.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"640\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"426\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"David Gaveau\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@GaveauD\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/23034\\\/bagaimana-penebangan-selektif-bisa-membantu-melindungi-hutan-indonesia#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/23034\\\/bagaimana-penebangan-selektif-bisa-membantu-melindungi-hutan-indonesia\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"David Gaveau\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/b969a9673da80f7d6b363d0434e54d28\"},\"headline\":\"Bagaimana penebangan selektif bisa membantu melindungi hutan Indonesia\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-06-23T05:56:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-02-07T09:09:01+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/23034\\\/bagaimana-penebangan-selektif-bisa-membantu-melindungi-hutan-indonesia\"},\"wordCount\":919,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/23034\\\/bagaimana-penebangan-selektif-bisa-membantu-melindungi-hutan-indonesia#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2014\\\/06\\\/Gav-POLEX-foto.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Community forestry\",\"Deforestation\",\"Forest management &amp; restoration\",\"Gender, justice &amp; tenure\",\"Governance\",\"Human well-being\",\"Landscapes\"],\"inLanguage\":\"id\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/23034\\\/bagaimana-penebangan-selektif-bisa-membantu-melindungi-hutan-indonesia#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2014\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/23034\\\/bagaimana-penebangan-selektif-bisa-membantu-melindungi-hutan-indonesia\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/23034\\\/bagaimana-penebangan-selektif-bisa-membantu-melindungi-hutan-indonesia\",\"name\":\"Bagaimana penebangan selektif bisa membantu melindungi hutan Indonesia - Landscape Alliance Forests News\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/23034\\\/bagaimana-penebangan-selektif-bisa-membantu-melindungi-hutan-indonesia#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/23034\\\/bagaimana-penebangan-selektif-bisa-membantu-melindungi-hutan-indonesia#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2014\\\/06\\\/Gav-POLEX-foto.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-06-23T05:56:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-02-07T09:09:01+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/23034\\\/bagaimana-penebangan-selektif-bisa-membantu-melindungi-hutan-indonesia#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"id\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/23034\\\/bagaimana-penebangan-selektif-bisa-membantu-melindungi-hutan-indonesia\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"id\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/23034\\\/bagaimana-penebangan-selektif-bisa-membantu-melindungi-hutan-indonesia#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2014\\\/06\\\/Gav-POLEX-foto.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2014\\\/06\\\/Gav-POLEX-foto.jpg\",\"width\":640,\"height\":426,\"caption\":\"Panenan kayu siap untuk diolah di danau Sentarum, Kalimantan Barat. 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