{"id":22592,"date":"2014-05-19T17:07:43","date_gmt":"2014-05-19T10:07:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=22592"},"modified":"2015-10-19T16:39:22","modified_gmt":"2015-10-19T09:39:22","slug":"hutan-pedesaan-memelihara-sehatnya-aktivitas-sosio-lingkungan-ilmuwan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/22592\/hutan-pedesaan-memelihara-sehatnya-aktivitas-sosio-lingkungan-ilmuwan","title":{"rendered":"Hutan \u201cpedesaan\u201d memelihara sehatnya aktivitas sosio-lingkungan: ilmuwan"},"content":{"rendered":"

BOGOR (19 Mei 2014) \u2013 Pembuat kebijakan dan konservasionis seringkali mengabaikan pentingnya hutan pedesaan dan pengetahuan lokal yang telah membuat mereka bertahan berabad-abad, demikian menurut sebuah laporan dalam jurnal \u201c Ecology and Society\u201d yang merefleksikan bagaimana kebijakan pembangunan berkelanjutan mempengaruhi hutan pedesaan.<\/p>\n

Hutan pedesaan \u2013 atau rumah tangga \u2013 ada di seluruh dunia, dari negara empat musim hingga wilayah kering dan tropis lembab. Mereka dikelola oleh masyarakat lokal sebagai bagian dari aktivitas pertanian dan penghidupan, dalam jurnal tersebut, ditampilkan delapan penelitian hutan pedesaan di Perancis, Maroko, Asia Tenggara dan Afrika yang didanai oleh proyek Kebijakan Publik dan Manajemen Tradisional Pohon dan Hutan (dalam akronim bahasa Perancis, POPULAR).<\/p>\n

Hutan pedesaan dipengaruhi oleh kebijakan dan regulasi nasional. Walaupun, kebijakan negara seringkali tidak mempertimbangkan apa yang disebut peneliti \u201clogika hutan pedesaan,\u201d demikian dilaporkan peneliti dalam kajian berjudul \u201cPublic policies and management of rural forests: Lasting alliance or fool\u2019s dialogue?<\/a>\u201d (Kebijakan publik dan manajemen hutan pedesaan: keselarasan atau dialog bodoh?).<\/p>\n

\u201cMasyarakat hutan pedesaan memiliki cara sendiri memandang produksi dan sistem penghidupan, dan menciptakan keselarasan antara ekosistem hutan dan pertanian,\u201d kata Genevieve Michon, ilmuwan dari l\u2019Institut de recherche pour le d\u00e9veloppement (IRD), kepala penelitian tentang resiliensi beberapa hutan domestik dunia (berdasarkan pohon kastanye di Korsika, Perancis; pohon argan di Maroko; dan agroforestri di Indonesia).<\/p>\n

Tidak seperti representasi modern domestifikasi alam untuk produksi, masyarakat pedesaan tidak memperkenalkan perbedaan nyata antara \u201chutan\u201d dan \u201cpertanian.\u201d<\/p>\n

LOGIKA HUTAN PEDESAAN<\/strong><\/p>\n

Manajemen hutan pedesaan bergantung pada praktik kompleks domestifikasi pohon, ekosistem dan lanskap untuk memenuhi kebutuhan manusia, kata peneliti, mengutip penelitian sebelumnya. Dalam proses domestifikasi ini, mereka mengambil manfaat dari dinamika vegetasi alami dibanding memerangi mereka seperti dalam pertanian konvensional.<\/p>\n

Dalam apa yang disebut oleh Michon<\/a> \u201cpohon hutan paling dimanusiakan di seluruh Eropa,\u201d contohnya, lebih dari 15 abad domestifikasi pohon kastanye, yang direproduksi dengan okulasi, ternyata tidak menghapus karakteristik liar pohon \u2013 kanopi tinggi, kuat dan kemampuan bertahan tanpa perawatan manusia \u2013 dan hutan kastanye yang terdiri dari beragam varietas okulasi seperti hutan liar.<\/p>\n

Domestifikasi seringkali tidak terlihat, menyembunyikan liku-liku manajemen hutan pedesaan dan mengarah pada ketidakpahaman urgensinya, kata peneliti.<\/p>\n

Sementara sebagian pohon domestifikasi \u2013 seperti Argan di Maroko \u2013 tampak \u201cliar\u201d, peneliti menujukkan bahwa mereka sebenarnya dipelihara dengan hati-hati. Penelitian sebelumnya<\/a> menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat lokal memanen beragam bentuk dari hutan mereka; di wilayah luas, misalnya, teknik seperti pemangkasan selektif bisa membantu atau menghindari pencarian makan kambing.<\/p>\n

Petani agroforestri di Indonesia bergeser dari menanam pohon dalam wilayah gundul akibat peladangan berpindah, teknik bertani dengan pembakaran untuk membersihkan dan meregenerasi kesuburan tanah untuk ditanami. Walaupun sudah didomestifikasi, hutan buatan mencakup ekosistem alami dengan kanopi tinggi, pertumbuhan padat di tanah dan tingkat tinggi keragaman hayati \u2013 semua dengan interferensi minimal manusia, kata Michon.<\/p>\n

PENDEKATAN LANSKAP<\/strong><\/p>\n

Penelitian sebelumnya<\/a> juga menunjukkan bagaimana petani hutan menginvestasikan lebih banyak energi untuk mendomestifikasi keseluruhan lanskap daripada fokus pada spesies tertentu. Hal ini mencakup upaya membangun teras-teras untuk mencegah limpasan tanah dan air, memperkenalkan hak berbeda untuk membagi hutan menjadi area-area terpisah (seperti kebun untuk produksi buah, tempat gembala dan produksi kayu) atau memvariasikan lanskap di ruang terbuka, petak hutan dan pohon individual.<\/p>\n

\u201cJenis manajemen ini, ketika Anda melakukan sedikit dari semuanya, dan semuanya dioptimalkan, mungkin adalah contoh kehidupan nyata terbaik dari keberlanjutan, dan ini seringkali diabaikan oleh arus utama kehutanan,\u201d kata Roberts Nasi, ilmuwan senior Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional (CIFOR), yang bersama Michon memimpin proyek POPULAR.<\/p>\n

\u201cKetika dibiarkan, masyarakat di hutan pedesaan mengelola sumber alam mereka dengan baik,\u201d katanya. \u201cCara mereka tidak cocok dengan standar modern rasionalisasi produksi, tetapi jika Anda melihat hasilnya dalam jangka panjang mereka menghasilkan manfaat ekonomi dan sosial yang signifikan bagi masyarakat pedesaan, dan mereka bisa beradaptasi terhadap perubahan. Hasilnya, hutan pedesaan sangat resilien.\u201d<\/p>\n

Selama berabad-abad, hutan pedesaan bertahan di tengah kebijakan nasional menekankan pertanian intensif dan modernisasi, menurut penelitian tersebut. Terkait krisis ekonomi global, pemerintahan nasional \u2013 dan bahkan lokal \u2013 memberi perhatian lebih pada hutan pedesaan sebagai bagian dari strategi proaktif sosio-lingkungan dan ekonomi. Hal ini tidak selalu meningkatkan nasib hutan pedesaan.<\/p>\n

\u201cDi Indonesia, sebagian LSM ingin melindungi hutan pedesaan untuk kepentingan konservasi, tetapi kebijakan mereka bisa menghambat kepentingan masyarakat lokal dalam hal membatasi akses terhadap lahan atau melarang teknik potong-dan-bakar,\u201d kata Michon. Pendekatan LSM mungkin kurang ekstrim dibanding administratur kehutanan, tetapi tetap hanya memberi sedikit perhatian pada logika hutan pedesaan.\u201d<\/p>\n

Michon dan Nasi optimistis: bahkan jika pandangan global tidak berubah besar, globalisasi bisa membuka jalan baru dalam mengapresiasi hutan pedesaan. Saat ini, kata mereka, rimbawan dan ahli biologi mulai mempertimbangkan manusia sebagai bagian valid ekosistem hutan daripada perambah. Pakar etno-sains juga menolong membangun interaksi antara masyarakat lokal dan hutan dalam sorotan positif. Pola perdagangan dan konsumsi baru (sertifikasi lingkungan, perdagangan adil, sistem indikasi geografis) dapat pula menolong sistem ini berkembang dalam logika mereka sendiri seraya memberi manfaat bagi dunia luar.<\/p>\n

Untuk informasi lebih mengenai masalah yang didiskusikan dalam artikel ini, silahkan hubungi Robert Nasi, r.nasi@cgiar.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

BOGOR (19 Mei 2014) \u2013 Pembuat kebijakan dan konservasionis seringkali mengabaikan pentingnya hutan pedesaan dan pengetahuan lokal yang telah membuat mereka bertahan berabad-abad, demikian menurut sebuah laporan dalam jurnal \u201c Ecology and Society\u201d yang merefleksikan bagaimana kebijakan pembangunan berkelanjutan mempengaruhi hutan pedesaan. Hutan pedesaan \u2013 atau rumah tangga \u2013 ada di seluruh dunia, dari negara […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":107,"featured_media":22595,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[182,137,13,95,1072],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12215],"tag-bahasa":[2587,2685,4767,2516,2520,2674,4768,2932],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[1141],"class_list":["post-22592","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-community-forestry","category-forest-management-restoration","category-governance","category-human-wellbeing","category-landscapes","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-global","tag-bahasa-bentang-alam","tag-bahasa-domestikasi","tag-bahasa-genevieve-michon","tag-bahasa-kehutanan-masyarakat","tag-bahasa-konservasi","tag-bahasa-pengetahuan-dan-praktik-tradisional","tag-bahasa-popular","tag-bahasa-robert-nasi","type-bahasa-berita"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHutan \u201cpedesaan\u201d memelihara sehatnya aktivitas sosio-lingkungan: ilmuwan - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/22592\/hutan-pedesaan-memelihara-sehatnya-aktivitas-sosio-lingkungan-ilmuwan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hutan \u201cpedesaan\u201d memelihara sehatnya aktivitas sosio-lingkungan: ilmuwan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"BOGOR (19 Mei 2014) \u2013 Pembuat kebijakan dan konservasionis seringkali mengabaikan pentingnya hutan pedesaan dan pengetahuan lokal yang telah membuat mereka bertahan berabad-abad, demikian menurut sebuah laporan dalam jurnal \u201c Ecology and Society\u201d yang merefleksikan bagaimana kebijakan pembangunan berkelanjutan mempengaruhi hutan pedesaan. 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