{"id":22462,"date":"2014-05-12T14:00:29","date_gmt":"2014-05-12T07:00:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=22462"},"modified":"2015-10-19T15:45:53","modified_gmt":"2015-10-19T08:45:53","slug":"penelitian-menjajaki-peran-petani-kecil-bagi-konservasi-pohon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/22462\/penelitian-menjajaki-peran-petani-kecil-bagi-konservasi-pohon","title":{"rendered":"Penelitian menjajaki peran petani kecil bagi konservasi pohon"},"content":{"rendered":"

LIMA, Peru (12 Mei 2014) \u2014 Ketika deforestasi atau berbagai efek perubahan iklim mengancam hutan alam, harapan terbaik untuk bertahannya pohon tropis tertentu mungkin adalah memasukannya ke plot-plot agroforestri yang dikelola oleh para petani kecil, menurut sebuah tinjauan baru-baru ini<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Tiga spesies dapat dikonservasi dalam tiga cara: Pepohonan itu dapat terus bertumbuh di habitat aslinya yang alami, yang dikenal sebagai konservasi in situ; <\/i>atau mungkin ditransplantasi oleh petani ke plot-plot agroforestri di dekatnya–teknik yang dikenal sebagai konservasi circa situm–<\/i>bila pepohonan itu dihargai untuk kayu, buah atau untuk kegunaan lainnya; atau pepohonan itu dikonservasi di bank benih atau plasma nutfah, dikenal sebagai konservasi ex situ, <\/i>atau di luar habitat aslinya.<\/p>\n

Ketiga jenis konservasi tersebut saling berkaitan, dan para petani kecil memainkan peran dalam kesemuanya, tetapi para peneliti sebenarnya mengetahui hanya sedikit sekali mengenai derajat dan keterbatasan hubungan itu dan seberapa efektif hubungan tersebut, ujar Manuel Guariguata, seorang peneliti kepala di Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional<\/a> (CIFOR) dan penulis pendamping dari makalah peninjauannya.<\/p>\n

“Kita tahu bahwa agroforestri dapat sangat bervariasi, tetapi kita tidak benar-benar mengetahui dinamika keterkaitan antara lahan pertanian dan ekosistem alam,” ujarnya. “Sebagai contoh, kita tidak tahu pasti apa yang terjadi dengan kayu dan spesies lainnya ketika para petani kecil mendomestikasi spesies-spesies itu dengan menanamnya di luar habitat aslinya.”<\/p>\n

Hutan tropis merupakan rumah dari sejumlah besar spesies yang beranekaragam. Ketika para petani kecil menemukan pepohonan yang khususnya bernilai untuk (balok) kayu, kayu bakar, buah, kacang-kacangan, obat atau tujuan lain, mereka mentransplantasi pepohonan tadi atau menebar benihnya di plot-plot agroforestri mereka sendiri.<\/p>\n

Bila suatu spesies dimaksudkan untuk bertahan, populasinya harus cukup besar untuk memungkinkan keanekaragaman genetik, tetapi penelitian lebih jauh diperlukan untuk menentukan sebaik mana lahan pertanian kecil yang mengombinasikan pertanian dan kehutanan berkontribusi pada konservasi, menurut penelitian tersebut, yang muncul dalam jurnal “Biodiversity and Conservation.”<\/p>\n

LANSKAP YANG SALING BERHUBUNGAN<\/b><\/p>\n

\u201cKearifan konvensional ialah bila Anda menanam pepohonan di perkebunan atau sistem agroforestri, pepohonan tersebut akan berkontribusi pada konservasi tegakan pohon alami,” ujar Ian Dawson dari World Agroforestry Centre, penulis utama makalah tinjauan<\/a> berjudul \u201cApakah relevansi dari sistem agroforestri petani kecil untuk melestarikan spesies pohon tropis dan keanekaragaman genetik dalam latar circa situm<\/i>, in situ<\/i> dan ex situ<\/i>?”<\/p>\n

Kepercayaan itu timbul karena diasumsikan bahwa orang akan memanen pohon dari perkebunan atau plot agroforestri, membiarkan hutan alam tetap utuh, tetapi hanya sedikit penelitian yang mendukung asumsi itu, ujar Dawson.<\/p>\n

Para petani yang mengombinasikan pertanian dan kehutanan dapat berkontribusi pada konservasi dalam beberapa cara, ujar Guariguata, tetapi penting untuk melihat pada beragam pendekatan yang berbeda bekerja bersama untuk memastikan manfaat terbesar dengan paling sedikit konsekuensi tidak disengaja.<\/p>\n

Ketika hutan mulai terpecah-pecah, plot-plot agroforestri dapat berperang sebagai koridor penghubung atau “batu loncatan” di antara petak-petak hutan, memungkinkan penyerbuk, hewan dan burung-burung penyebar benih untuk memindahkannya dari petak ke petak sehingga pepohonan di hutan yang tersisa dapat berkembang biak. Pepohonan hutan menyerbuk pepohonan di plot-plot agroforestri petani kecil.<\/p>\n

Di tempat-tempat di mana spesies tertentu di hutan alam tidak dapat beradaptasi dengan laju perubahan iklim<\/a>, konservasi di plot-plot agroforestri mungkin menawarkan satu-satunya kesempatan untuk bertahan, ujar Dawson.<\/p>\n

Masih banyak pertanyaan mengenai bagaimana agroforestri dapat berkontribusi pada konservasi.<\/p>\n

Para peneliti harus belajar lebih jauh mengenai perkebunan atau kebijakan seperti misalnya sertifikasi yang benar-benar membantu mengonservasi spesies di alam liar-penelitian yang akan melibatkan mempelajari baik ekologi maupun genetika, ujar Guariguata.<\/p>\n

Karena petani kecil secara konstan mendomestikasi spesies liar yang berguna untuk mereka, para peneliti dapat belajar banyak dari mempelajari bagaimana para petani mengelola baik pepohonan liar maupun terdomestikasi dan bagaimana populasi liar dan terdomestikasi berinteraksi, ujarnya.<\/p>\n

Satu pertanyaan penting ialah bagaimana iklim yang menghangat akan memengaruhi hutan tropis, ujar Dawson.<\/p>\n

“Satu kekhawatiran utama ialah apakah perubahan iklim akan memengaruhi populasi penyerbuk dan apa artinya hal tersebut untuk spesies pohon,” katanya. “Hal itu khususnya penting di lanskap petani, di mana konservasi juga tergantung pada seberapa bernilainya suatu spesies untuk seorang petani.”<\/p>\n

Untuk informasi lebih jauh mengenai tinjauan ini, hubungi Manuel Guariguata di m.guariguata@cgiar.org<\/strong><\/p>\n

Penelitian CIFOR\u2019 tentang bahan bakar hayati dan keanekaragaman hayati <\/em>merupakan bagian dari Program CGIAR tentang Hutan, Pohon dan Agroforestri.<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

LIMA, Peru (12 Mei 2014) \u2014 Ketika deforestasi atau berbagai efek perubahan iklim mengancam hutan alam, harapan terbaik untuk bertahannya pohon tropis tertentu mungkin adalah memasukannya ke plot-plot agroforestri yang dikelola oleh para petani kecil, menurut sebuah tinjauan baru-baru ini. Tiga spesies dapat dikonservasi dalam tiga cara: Pepohonan itu dapat terus bertumbuh di habitat aslinya […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":22327,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,161,137],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12215],"tag-bahasa":[2481,2587,2685,4759,2520,3240,2659,3017,2561],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[831],"class_list":["post-22462","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-deforestation","category-forest-management-restoration","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-global","tag-bahasa-agroforestri","tag-bahasa-bentang-alam","tag-bahasa-domestikasi","tag-bahasa-ian-dawson","tag-bahasa-konservasi","tag-bahasa-manuel-guariguata","tag-bahasa-petani-kecil","tag-bahasa-pusat-penelitian-agroforestri-dunia","tag-bahasa-sumber-daya-genetik","type-bahasa-berita"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPenelitian menjajaki peran petani kecil bagi konservasi pohon - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/22462\/penelitian-menjajaki-peran-petani-kecil-bagi-konservasi-pohon\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Penelitian menjajaki peran petani kecil bagi konservasi pohon\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"LIMA, Peru (12 Mei 2014) \u2014 Ketika deforestasi atau berbagai efek perubahan iklim mengancam hutan alam, harapan terbaik untuk bertahannya pohon tropis tertentu mungkin adalah memasukannya ke plot-plot agroforestri yang dikelola oleh para petani kecil, menurut sebuah tinjauan baru-baru ini. 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