{"id":22093,"date":"2014-04-14T11:52:22","date_gmt":"2014-04-14T04:52:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=22093"},"modified":"2015-10-19T17:09:19","modified_gmt":"2015-10-19T10:09:19","slug":"kajian-global-inisiatif-redd-menghadapi-tantangan-dan-peluang","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/22093\/kajian-global-inisiatif-redd-menghadapi-tantangan-dan-peluang","title":{"rendered":"Kajian global: Inisiatif REDD+ menghadapi tantangan \u2013 dan peluang"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Catatan editor:<\/b> <em>REDD+ akan menjadi tema kunci diskusi Konferensi Tingkat Tinggi <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/forestsasia.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Forests Asia<\/a><em>, 5-6 Mei di Jakarta, Indonesia. Dalam konferensi, panelis akan mengeksplorasi bagaimana inisiatif REDD+ dapat memberi pelajaran bagi strategi pembangunan rendah-emisi dan berkontribusi pada pembangunan berkelanjutan. Peserta juga akan melihat bagaimana aktivitas REDD+ dan strategi pembangunan rendah-emisi membantu adaptasi perubahan iklim. Baca lebih lanjut <\/em><a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/forestsasia\/agenda-item\/tuesday-may-6th\/high-level-panel-discussions\/climate-change-low-emissions-development-ground\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">di sini<\/a><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>BOGOR, Indonesia \u2014 Tindakan harus dilakukan untuk memperjelas kepemilikan lahan di negara berkembang kaya-hutan, dan untuk meningkatkan keberlangsungan ekonomi REDD+ atau berisiko membahayakan upaya menurunkan deforestasi dan mitigasi perubahan iklim, demikian saran riset baru berdasarkan riset terhadap  23 inisiatif hutan karbon.<\/p>\n<p>Ratusan <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/gcs\/about-gcs\/redd-project-sites.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">inisiatif percontohan dirancang untuk menguji kemungkinan REDD+<\/a><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"> (<\/span>Reduksi Emisi dari Deforestasi dan Degradasi hutan) telah berlangsung beberapa tahun terakhir. Tetapi dengan besarnya hambatan serta belum jelasnya kesepakatan iklim, sejumlah pemrakarsa inisiatif tersebut kehilangan antusiasme-nya terhadap REDD+, demikian menurut riset yang dipimpin Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional (CIFOR).<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPara pemrakarsa inisiatif bersemangat, mereka adalah sekelompok orang yang percaya apa yang mereka lakukan untuk melindungi hutan,\u201d kata William Sunderlin, ilmuwan senior CIFOR dan penulis utama <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/online-library\/browse\/view-publication\/publication\/4491.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">\u201cTantangan Membangun REDD+ di Lapangan: Pengalaman dari 32 Inisiatif Subnasional di Enam Negara.&#8221;<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u201cWalaupun mereka menghadapi tantangan besar yang akarnya berada di luar batas proyek mereka, khususnya ketidakamanan penguasaan lahan dan apa yang kita sebut \u2018ketidakberuntungan ekonomi\u2019 REDD+,\u201d kata Sunderlin. \u201cInisiatif subnasional ini memerlukan lebih lagi dukungan dari proses nasional dan internasional dalam menciptakan keadaan yang memungkinkan REDD+ berfungsi seperti yang diinginkan.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>REDD+ muncul pada 2007 sebagai mekanisme menjanjikan dalam memperlambat perubahan iklim antropogenik dengan menyediakan insentif finansial bagi tetap tegaknya hutan, mengingat hutan menyerap karbon dari atmosfer dan bahwa deforestasi dan degradasi hutan berkontribusi terhadap 15 persen emisi gas rumah kaca global. Contohnya, di Indonesia, pengemisi gas rumah kaca terbesar ketiga dunia, <a href=\"http:\/\/unfccc.int\/files\/national_reports\/non-annex_i_natcom\/submitted_natcom\/application\/pdf\/indonesia_snc.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">lebih dari 75 persen emisi datang dari konversi hutan menjadi peternakan, pertanian dan kebakaran gambut<\/a> \u2013 dalam hitungan kasar setara emisi dari 400 juta mobil setiap tahun.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/online-library\/browse\/view-publication\/publication\/2871.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Apa yang membuat REDD+ berbeda<\/a> dari upaya sebelumnya \u2013 yang umumnya tidak berhasil \u2013mengurangi deforestasi adalah bahwa upaya ini berbentuk insentif berbasis kinerja. Seperti diamanatkan aslinya, REDD+ akan menghasilkan arus pendapatan dengan menetapkan nilai finansial atas karbon, dimana pengelola hutan menerima pembagian pendapatan tersebut hanya jika mereka menghasilkan reduksi emisi atau meningkatkan stok karbon.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cInsentif bersyarat membuat REDD+ menjadi dorongan tambahan, walaupun agar sistem ini bekerja, harus ada kejelasan arus penghasilan dan ini harus jelas siapa yang mendapat keuntungan,\u201d kata Sunderlin. \u201cRiset kami menunjukkan bahwa aspek-aspek tersebut lemah, dan pada aspek inilah perhatian perlu difokuskan.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><b>BENTANG ALAM DIPEREBUTKAN<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Ketidakamanan penguasaan lahan \u2013 hak memiliki, akses atau memanfaatkan lahan \u2013 tetap menjadi tantangan terbesar bagi pemrakarsa, menurut temuan riset.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cREDD+ dibangun di tempat aturan kepemilikan seringkali tidak jelas dan bersaing,\u201d kata Sunderlin.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cTetapi sistem penghargaan REDD+ memerlukan kejelasan siapa yang memegang hak hutan atau karbon, siapa yang bertanggungjawab mereduksi emisi, dan siapa yang dapat mengklaim manfaat.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Dalam <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/online-library\/browse\/view-publication\/publication\/4081.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">survei desa  di lima negara<\/a> terlibat REDD+, lebih dari separuh responden setidaknya dilaporkan memiliki ketidakamanan penguasaan lahan, dan lebih dari seperlima tidak bisa mengusir pendatang yang tidak diinginkan. Lebih jauh lagi, mengingat <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/online-library\/browse\/view-publication\/publication\/4081.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">masalah penguasaan lahan umumnya adalah masalah nasional dalam ruang lingkup dan asal<\/a>, menyelesaikannya seringkali terletak di luar kontrol para pemrakarsa. Tantangan ini, walaupun menakutkan, bukan hal yang tidak bisa diatasi, catat Sunderlin, sejalan dengan terobosan reformasi penguasaan lahan mulai terbentuk.<\/p>\n<p>Di Indonesia, contohnya, pemerintah meluncurkan <a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=LLxqY2bfXKI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Inisiatif Satu Peta<\/a> untuk meningkatkan penguasaan lahan dan perencataan pemanfaatan lahan, dan tahun lalu  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.unorcid.org\/index.php\/about-redd\/redd-in-the-news\/sustainable-development\/129-landmark-verdict-by-the-indonesian-constitutional-court-separates-customary-forest-from-state-forest\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">keputusan Mahkamah Konstitusi<\/a> bertujuan memberi masyarakat asli memiliki hak kepemilikan.<\/p>\n<p><b>PENAWAR TERTINGGI<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Agar semua orang merasakan manfaat, REDD+ harus terlebih dahulu menghasilkan pemasukan, dan aliran pendapatan REDD+ yang awalnya dirancang melalui jual beli <a href=\"http:\/\/www.forest-trends.org\/fcm2013.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">kredit karbon di pasar karbon<\/a>gagal memenuhi target.<\/p>\n<p>Gangguan terhadap upaya menciptakan pendapatan merupakan akibat lemahnya ikatan kesepakatan iklim internasional dalam mempengaruhi perubahan tata aturan, lemahnya pasar karbon dan dominasi kepentingan kuat bisnis, demikian menurut riset.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cJika Anda berpikir REDD sebagai sebuah proses tawar-menawar di tempat lelang, mereka yang menawar tertinggi memiliki kontrol terhadap hutan dan pemanfaatan lahan, tawaran dari perusahaan pertanian besar seringkali mengalahkan apa yang ditawarkan REDD+,\u201d kata Sunderlin.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHal ini bisa diubah dengan menetapkan persyaratan baru \u2013 kombinasi bantuan pembangunan, dana internasional atau nasional, atau sebuah mekanisme berbasis pasar \u2013 yang dapat menghasilkan arus pendapatan dari REDD+ dan menutup peluang ada biaya konservasi hutan.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Kisaran jumlah pendanaan diperkirakan antara 15 miliar dolar AS hingga 48 miliar pada 2020, dengan suplai kredit karbon melampaui kebutuhan 13 hingga 29 kali, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/fileadmin\/documents\/IFF_Report_-_Stimulating_Interim_Demand_for_REDD_Emissions_Reductions.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">demikian menurut Proyek Pendanaan Hutan Internasional<\/a>. Inisiatif seperti <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arb.ca.gov\/cc\/capandtrade\/capandtrade.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">program tutup-dan-jual California<\/a> memberi harapan menciptakan pendapatan melalui pasar karbon, walaupun, kata Sunderlin \u201ctidak ada keperluan mendesak terhadap apa yang belum ada.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Namun, perpaduan sorotan riset terhadap tantangan dan peluang solusi, pembangunan positif berlangsung dan meningkatnya dorongan untuk beraksi bisa mengarah pada \u2018solusi terobosan\u2019, tambahnya.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBerkembang kesadaran di pemerintah bahwa masalah penguasaan lahan dan ekonomi REDD+ adalah masalah mendasar dan perlu diselesaikan segera,\u201d kata Sunderlin.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAnda tidak bisa mengesampingkan peluang peningkatan dramatis dalam kebijakan mitigasi perubahan iklim beberapa tahun ke depan \u2013 hanya karena pemimpin dunia tidak bisa lagi mengabaikan perubahan iklim.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><b>Untuk informasi lebih mengenai topik riset ini, silahkan hubungi William Sunderlin di <\/b><a href=\"mailto:w.sunderlin@cgiar.org\"><b>w.sunderlin@cgiar.org<\/b><\/a><b>.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><i>Riset ini dilakukan sebagai bagian Riset Komparatif Global REDD+ dan Program Riset CGIAR mengenai Hutan, Pohon dan Pertanian serta mendapat dukungan NORAD, AusAID, DFID, Komite Eropa, Departemn Kerjasama Pembangunan Finlandia, dan Yayasan David dan Lucille Packard.<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Catatan editor: REDD+ akan menjadi tema kunci diskusi Konferensi Tingkat Tinggi Forests Asia, 5-6 Mei di Jakarta, Indonesia. Dalam konferensi, panelis akan mengeksplorasi bagaimana inisiatif REDD+ dapat memberi pelajaran bagi strategi pembangunan rendah-emisi dan berkontribusi pada pembangunan berkelanjutan. Peserta juga akan melihat bagaimana aktivitas REDD+ dan strategi pembangunan rendah-emisi membantu adaptasi perubahan iklim. Baca lebih [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":94,"featured_media":36337,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12222],"tag-bahasa":[2587,3577,2670,2463,2501,2819,2947],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[1048],"class_list":["post-22093","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-indonesia","tag-bahasa-bentang-alam","tag-bahasa-inisiatif-satu-peta","tag-bahasa-kepemilikan-dan-hak-atas-lahan","tag-bahasa-ktt-hutan-asia","tag-bahasa-pasar-karbon","tag-bahasa-redd","tag-bahasa-william-sunderlin","type-bahasa-berita"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.8 (Yoast SEO v28.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Kajian global: Inisiatif REDD+ menghadapi tantangan \u2013 dan peluang - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/22093\/kajian-global-inisiatif-redd-menghadapi-tantangan-dan-peluang\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kajian global: Inisiatif REDD+ menghadapi tantangan \u2013 dan peluang\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Catatan editor: REDD+ akan menjadi tema kunci diskusi Konferensi Tingkat Tinggi Forests Asia, 5-6 Mei di Jakarta, Indonesia. 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