{"id":20430,"date":"2013-11-25T14:16:06","date_gmt":"2013-11-25T07:16:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=20430"},"modified":"2015-10-20T09:39:35","modified_gmt":"2015-10-20T02:39:35","slug":"koridor-biologi-membantu-tanaman-beradaptasi-dengan-perubahan-iklim-riset","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/20430\/koridor-biologi-membantu-tanaman-beradaptasi-dengan-perubahan-iklim-riset","title":{"rendered":"Koridor biologi membantu tanaman beradaptasi dengan perubahan iklim: riset"},"content":{"rendered":"

TURRIALBA, Costa Rika (25 November 2013) \u2013 Seiring dengan rentang pergeseran beberapa spesies tanaman ke elevasi yang lebih tinggi akibat perubahan iklim, koridor biologi yang menghubungkan kawasan hutan lindung menjadi lebih penting bagi pelestarian keanekaragaman hayati, menurut para ilmuwan.<\/p>\n

Ekosistem alami memberikan jasa mulai dari regulasi air hingga penyimpanan karbon. Namun, iklim yang lebih hangat dan kering yang diprediksi terjadi di Mesoamerika \u2013Meksiko dan Amerika Tengah \u2013 dapat menjadi malapetaka bagi spesies yang tidak mampu beradaptasi, mengurangi atau mengubah layanan ekologi tersebut. Sementara beberapa spesies mungkin mati, beberapa lainnya akan\u201d bermigrasi\u201d dengan memperluas jangkauan mereka ke tempat-tempat yang temperatur rata-ratanya lebih rendah.<\/p>\n

Pembuatan dan pelestarian koridor yang memfasilitasi gerakan tersebut akan sangat penting.<\/p>\n

\u201cKawasan hutan lindung secara historis telah dianggap sebagai pulau. Saat ini, orang-orang mulai mempertimbangkannya sebagai bagian dari jaringan ekologis,\u201d kata Bernal Herrera dari Centro Agron\u00f3mico Tropical de Investigaci\u00f3n y Ense\u00f1anza<\/i><\/a>, CATIE di Costa Rika.<\/p>\n

\u201cNegara juga harus melihat hal ini sebagai bagian dari strategi pengembangan multisektor\u201d ujar Bernal kepada para peserta Konferensi Internasional Sains Amerika Henry A. Wallace yang ke-7, menandai peringatan 40 tahun<\/a> berdirinya CATIE.<\/p>\n

Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa migrasi spesies telah terjadi di beberapa daerah tropis.<\/p>\n

Alhi biologi dari Universitas Internasional Florida<\/a> yang pertama kali meneliti perubahan signifikan pada rentang pohon di Andes, Kenneth Feeley, baru-baru ini menemukan bahwa tanaman di Kosta Rika juga mulai bermigrasi<\/a> ke tempat yang lebih tinggi.<\/p>\n

Hal yang sama juga akan terjadi pada spesies tanaman pangan dan hama yang mewabahinya, kata direktur jenderal Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sayuran Asia (AVRDC) di Taiwan kepada peserta Konferensi Wallace.<\/p>\n

\u201cMeningkatnya temperature akan menyebabkan penyakit bergerak ke tempat yang lebih tinggi,\u201d katanya.<\/p>\n

Pemulia tanaman menghadapi tantangan memproduksi varietas tanaman pangan yang antihama dan toleran terhadap panas seperti tomat, kata Keatinge, selagi para petani harus menggunakan jaring untuk melindungi tanaman dari serangan serangga dan menerapkan langkah-langkah ketat untuk menghindari penyakit.<\/p>\n

Dalam ekosistem alami, perencana konservasi akan menghadapi tantangan untuk memfasilitasi bermigrasinya spesies tanaman, kata Bruno Locatelli, ahli kehutanan dan hidrologi Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional (CIFOR)<\/a> dan Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Internasional (CIRAD)<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Hal itu pulalah yang terjadi di Mesoamerika, habitat alami telah terfragmentasi oleh pertanian, pengembangan kota, dan pembangunan infrastruktur seperti bendung hidroelektrik.<\/p>\n

Hambatan-hambatan tersebut akan menyulitkan spesies di dataran rendah yang harus memperluas jangkauannya untuk mencapai tempat yang lebih tinggi.<\/p>\n

\u201cKoridor adalah cara untuk menghubungkan kembali petak-petak hutan dan kawasan hutan lindung yang saat ini terpisah-pisah,\u201d kata Locatelli, penulis pembantu dalam penelitian baru mengenai perubahan iklim dan penyebaran tanaman di sepanjang koridor di Mesoamerika.<\/p>\n

\u201cMenghubungkan petak-petak hutan dan kawasan hutan lindung akan memfasilitasi migrasi spesies.\u201d<\/p>\n

Konektivitas dan ide lainnya untuk menjadikan bentang alam lebih tahan terhadap perubahan iklim telah dikaji pada Forum Bentang Alam Global<\/a>, 16-17 November, bersamaan dengan KTT Iklim PBB<\/a> di Warsawa.<\/p>\n

PEMETAAN KORIDOR AMAN<\/b><\/p>\n

Penelitian di Mesoamerika menemukan bahwa koridor biologi yang menghubungkan kawasan hutan lindung dapat mengurangi dampak perubahan iklim terhadap tanaman.<\/p>\n

Keefektifannya tergantung pada kisaran ketinggian, temperatur serta kecepatan perubahan iklim, dan efeknya bervariasi tergantung pada seberapa cepat spesies bergerak.<\/p>\n

Perubahan iklim akan melaju pada tingkat yang berbeda di berbagai daerah di Mesoamerika, kata Locatelli, dengan perubahan tercepat terjadi di daerah datar pesisir Atlantic di Nikaragua dan semenanjung Yukatan Meksiko sedangkan perubahan yang lebih lambat terjadi di dataran tinggi di Kosta Rika, Honduras, Guatemala, dan Meksiko.<\/p>\n

\u201cModel kami menunjukkan ada dua tipe penting koridor migrasi spesies tanaman \u2013 koridor di daerah datar di selatan dan timur laut, serta koridor yang menghubungkan kawasan hutan lindung di pegunungan dengan kawasan lain di tempat yang lebih rendah,\u201d katanya.<\/p>\n

Penelitian tersebut menggarisbawahi pentingnya mendesain jaringan kawasan hutan lindung dan koridor<\/a> di seluruh wilayah. Salah satu dari rencana tersebut telah berjalan: Koridor Biologi Mesoamerika, upaya multi-negara untuk menghubungkan kawasan penting keanekaragaman hayati dalam jaringan yang membentang dari Panama ke Meksiko.<\/p>\n

Sistem yang sudah berusia hampir satu dekade ini awalnya tidak dirancang dengan perubahan iklim. Penelitian baru dapat membantu para pembuat kebijakan mempertimbangkan migrasi spesies dalam peta koridor masa depan mereka.<\/p>\n

Bahkan hal itu bisa tidak cukup bagi beberapa jenis tanaman.<\/p>\n

\u201cDi beberapa tempat,\u201d kata Locatelli, \u201cbahkan spesies yang bergerak paling cepat tidak dapat menyesuaikan diri dengan perubahan iklim.\u201d<\/p>\n

Untuk informasi mengenai topik yang didiskusikan dalam artikel ini, silakan menghubungi <\/b>b.locatelli@cgiar.org<\/b><\/a><\/b><\/p>\n

Karya ini merupakan bagian dari Program Penelitian Hutan, Pohon, dan Argoforestri CIGAR dan didukung oleh Proyek MESOTERRA dari Program Agro-lingkungan Mesoamerika di Centro Agron\u00f3mico Tropical de Investigaci\u00f3n y Ense\u00f1anza<\/i><\/a>, (CATIE).<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

TURRIALBA, Costa Rika (25 November 2013) \u2013 Seiring dengan rentang pergeseran beberapa spesies tanaman ke elevasi yang lebih tinggi akibat perubahan iklim, koridor biologi yang menghubungkan kawasan hutan lindung menjadi lebih penting bagi pelestarian keanekaragaman hayati, menurut para ilmuwan. Ekosistem alami memberikan jasa mulai dari regulasi air hingga penyimpanan karbon. Namun, iklim yang lebih hangat […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":36353,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,137,1072],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[2476,4789,2885,3239,2532,2489,4790,2520,2597,4791],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[831],"class_list":["post-20430","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-forest-management-restoration","category-landscapes","language-bahasa-indonesia","tag-bahasa-adaptasi","tag-bahasa-bernal-herrera","tag-bahasa-bruno-locatelli","tag-bahasa-cirad","tag-bahasa-jasa-ekosistem","tag-bahasa-keanekaragaman-hayati","tag-bahasa-kenneth-feeley","tag-bahasa-konservasi","tag-bahasa-pemetaan","tag-bahasa-universitas-internasional-florida"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nKoridor biologi membantu tanaman beradaptasi dengan perubahan iklim: riset - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/20430\/koridor-biologi-membantu-tanaman-beradaptasi-dengan-perubahan-iklim-riset\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Koridor biologi membantu tanaman beradaptasi dengan perubahan iklim: riset\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"TURRIALBA, Costa Rika (25 November 2013) \u2013 Seiring dengan rentang pergeseran beberapa spesies tanaman ke elevasi yang lebih tinggi akibat perubahan iklim, koridor biologi yang menghubungkan kawasan hutan lindung menjadi lebih penting bagi pelestarian keanekaragaman hayati, menurut para ilmuwan. 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