{"id":19607,"date":"2013-10-21T14:37:05","date_gmt":"2013-10-21T07:37:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=19607"},"modified":"2015-10-20T10:26:22","modified_gmt":"2015-10-20T03:26:22","slug":"perkebunan-minyak-sawit-dapat-dibuat-lebih-ramah-keragaman-hayati-pakar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/19607\/perkebunan-minyak-sawit-dapat-dibuat-lebih-ramah-keragaman-hayati-pakar","title":{"rendered":"Perkebunan minyak sawit dapat dibuat lebih ramah keragaman hayati \u2014 pakar"},"content":{"rendered":"

BOGOR, Indonesia (21 Oktober 2013) \u2014 Jika perkebunan sawit yang terkenal anti-keragaman hayati dibangun hanya pada lahan terdegradasi, mereka akan sedikit merusak keragaman hayati, demikian nasihat peneliti Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional (CIFOR).<\/p>\n

\u201cMasalah terbesarnya adalah sawit seringkali dibudidayakan dengan mengorbankan hutan yang kaya akan keragaman hayati,\u201d kata Douglas Sheil, yang menjadi penulis bersama Perkebunan minyak sawit dalam konteks konservasi keragaman hayati<\/a> (Oil palm plantations in the context of biodiversity conservation) bersama mitra CIFOR, Erik Meijaard.<\/p>\n

\u201cPertanyaan terpenting yang perlu kita tanyakan yaitu jenis lahan apa yang seharusnya kita gunakan \u2013 bagaimana kita membuat perusahaan mengembangkan perkebunan minyak sawit di lahan non-hutan,\u201d ujar Sheil.<\/p>\n

\u201cJika kita hanya menggunakan lahan terdegradasi, dampak keragaman hayati lebih kecil. Kita bisa melindungi keragaman hayati dengan menghentikan konversi hutan alam menjadi minyak sawit. Kita bisa melindungi hutan alam yang tersisa di lereng dan samping sungai, contohnya, atau meregenerasi ketika dibutuhkan.\u201d<\/p>\n

Menghindari area hutan dalam perancangan dan pembangunan minyak sawit belum menjadi kewajiban di Indonesia, tambah Sheil, dan legislasi baru diperlukan guna mencegah dampak lebih jauh terhadap hutan dan jasa hutan.<\/p>\n

Hutan tidak hanya penting bagi keragaman hayati, namun juga krusial dalam menjaga rantai makanan, penyediaan produk hutan, serta pelayanan jasa pendukung seperti formasi lahan dan siklus nutrisi, regulasi iklim dan kualitas air, beberapa kontribusi hutan seperti yang dipaparkan dalam The Millenium Ecosystem Assessment<\/a>.<\/p>\n

SATU POHON MENGUASAI SEMUA<\/b><\/p>\n

Industri minyak sawit meledak, dan bukan tanpa alasan. \u201cEmas hijau\u201d, begitu sawit dijuluki oleh kelompok lingkungan Friends of the Earth<\/a>, membuat kontribusi bernilai terhadap pembangunan ekonomi di negara tropis yang memiliki tingkat kesejahteraan rendah<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Sawit juga memiliki produktivitas lebih tinggi daripada tanaman penghasil-minyak lain seperti kanola dan kelapa.<\/p>\n

\u201cAda beragam tanaman minyak lain tetapi tidak ada yang seefisien minyak sawit \u2013 khususnya pada tanah lebih miskin,\u201d kata Sheil. \u201cKita bisa memproduksi lebih banyak minyak pada sedikit lahan dengan minyak sawit.\u201d<\/p>\n

Dan ada cara untuk membuat industri minyak sawit lebih mendukung keragaman hayati, catat Sheil dan Meijaard. Mereka merujuk pada strategi \u201cramah alam liar\u201d<\/a> untuk menjaga sebanyak mungkin vegetasi perkebunan sawit sebaik mungkin.<\/p>\n

\u201cKami menemukan, misalnya, bahwa di Sabah, Malaysia, setiap pohon alami di sebuah matriks minyak sawit itu penting. Orangutan akan tetap kembali bahkan ke jejak hutan terkecil dalam perkebunan minyak sawit tua,\u201d kata Meijaard.<\/p>\n

\u201cSangat penting untuk memahami bahwa elemen kecil seperti hutan terlindung dan pepohonan di minyak sawit dapat mendorong dan menjaga alam liar.\u201d<\/p>\n

Pilihan lain adalah menciptakan koridor alam liar \u2013 rangkaian pohon di sepanjang perkebunan untuk menghubungkan area hutan. Hutan tepian sungai merupakan contoh penting dalam hal ini, kata Meijaard.<\/p>\n

\u201cSeringkali ini dibersihkan untuk sawit walaupun seringkali mengakibatkan banjir yang menurunkan hasil panen sawit. Membiarkan, ketimbang merubah hutan tepian sungai memberikan alasan ekonomi dan ekologi.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cJadi, ya, berhenti mengubah hutan terlebih dahulu, tetapi jika telah terjadi, penting sekali untuk membangun fitur alami dalam bentang alam, seperti penanaman koridor dan melindungi bukit,\u201d tambahnya.<\/p>\n

\u201cLangkah penting berikutnya adalah menjamin bahwa spesies dilindungi, seperti orangutan, tidak dibunuh. Jumlah perburuan di banyak bagian Kalimantan menyapu populasi alam liar dan perlu diregulasi serta dihentikan ketika dimungkinkan.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cUntuk mengurangi dampak ini, perlu penyadaran publik mengenai dampak perburuan terhadap populasi dan keberadaan alam liar, sejalan dengan peningkatan penegakkan hukum,\u201d kata Meijaard.<\/p>\n

LOKASI, LOKASI, LOKASI<\/b><\/p>\n

Masalah terkait adalah bahwa pemilik konsesi ingin wilayah besar homogen untuk mengembangkan perkebunan<\/a> \u2013 sebuah pendekatan yang berbahaya bagi alam liar dan jasa lingkungan karena gagal mempertimbangkan variasi bentang alam dan nilai alam.<\/p>\n

Tetapi ini tidak terlalu menjadi masalah jika hanya lahan yang sudah terdegradasi digunakan untuk sawit, kata Sheil dan Meijaard. Mereka merekomendasikan bahwa perkebunan sawit hanya dijalankan di wilayah rendah keragaman hayati.<\/p>\n

\u201cBagaimanapun, area seperti ini seringkali diklaim oleh masyarakat lokal, sehingga konsultasi dan kompensasi yang jujur dan terbuka diperlukan untuk menjamin bahwa rekomendasi strategi tidak meningkatkan konflik masyarakat,\u201d kata Meijaard.<\/p>\n

\u201cPemikiran ulang lengkap diperlukan untuk disain optimal perkebunan, dan kebijakan serta regulasi diperlukan untuk menjamin bahwa ini memang diterapkan,\u201d kata Meijaard, yang juga meminta standar manajemen lebih baik.<\/p>\n

\u201cBeberapa perusahaan telah mencoba untuk melindungi lingkungan. Hati mereka petani, dan bahkan jika manajer senior ingin melakukan pendekatan lebih hijau, staf hanya mengerti target penanaman tahunan.\u201d<\/p>\n

Solusinya bisa dengan menemukan cara untuk membujuk perusahaan mengenai keuntungan menerapkan praktik ramah keragaman hayati, seperti mengurangi konflik sosial, mengurangi dampak negatif lingkungan dan meningkatkan akses pada pelanggan hijau (penting jika perusahaan mengincar pasar Australia, Eropa dan AS).<\/p>\n

\u201cJika kita bisa menunjukkan bahwa ini memiliki keuntungan besar bagi perusahaan, ini akan menarik lebih banyak perusahaan,\u201d kata Meijaard.<\/p>\n

Riset ini dilakukan sebagai bagian dari Program Riset CGIAR mengenai Hutan, Tanaman dan Agroforestri<\/a><\/span>. Untuk informasi lebih mengenai isu yang didiskusikan dalam artikel ini, silahkan hubungi Pablo Pacheco di <\/i><\/b>p.pacheco@cgiar.org<\/i><\/b><\/a> dan Erik Meijaard di <\/i><\/b>emeijaard@gmail.com<\/i><\/b><\/a>. <\/i><\/b><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

BOGOR, Indonesia (21 Oktober 2013) \u2014 Jika perkebunan sawit yang terkenal anti-keragaman hayati dibangun hanya pada lahan terdegradasi, mereka akan sedikit merusak keragaman hayati, demikian nasihat peneliti Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional (CIFOR). \u201cMasalah terbesarnya adalah sawit seringkali dibudidayakan dengan mengorbankan hutan yang kaya akan keragaman hayati,\u201d kata Douglas Sheil, yang menjadi penulis bersama Perkebunan minyak […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":58,"featured_media":36383,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[182,137,95,1072,184],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12222],"tag-bahasa":[2587,2522,2523,3512,2898,2489,2516,2616,2520,2626],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[271],"class_list":["post-19607","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-community-forestry","category-forest-management-restoration","category-human-wellbeing","category-landscapes","category-value-chains-finance","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-indonesia","tag-bahasa-bentang-alam","tag-bahasa-deforestasi","tag-bahasa-degradasi","tag-bahasa-douglas-sheil","tag-bahasa-erik-meijaard","tag-bahasa-keanekaragaman-hayati","tag-bahasa-kehutanan-masyarakat","tag-bahasa-kelapa-sawit","tag-bahasa-konservasi","tag-bahasa-perkebunan","type-bahasa-berita"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPerkebunan minyak sawit dapat dibuat lebih ramah keragaman hayati \u2014 pakar - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/19607\/perkebunan-minyak-sawit-dapat-dibuat-lebih-ramah-keragaman-hayati-pakar\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Perkebunan minyak sawit dapat dibuat lebih ramah keragaman hayati \u2014 pakar\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"BOGOR, Indonesia (21 Oktober 2013) \u2014 Jika perkebunan sawit yang terkenal anti-keragaman hayati dibangun hanya pada lahan terdegradasi, mereka akan sedikit merusak keragaman hayati, demikian nasihat peneliti Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional (CIFOR). \u201cMasalah terbesarnya adalah sawit seringkali dibudidayakan dengan mengorbankan hutan yang kaya akan keragaman hayati,\u201d kata Douglas Sheil, yang menjadi penulis bersama Perkebunan minyak […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/19607\/perkebunan-minyak-sawit-dapat-dibuat-lebih-ramah-keragaman-hayati-pakar\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2013-10-21T07:37:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2015-10-20T03:26:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/Oil-palm-plantation-in-Papua_bhs.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"333\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Andrea Booth\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@andreasbooth\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/19607\\\/perkebunan-minyak-sawit-dapat-dibuat-lebih-ramah-keragaman-hayati-pakar#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/19607\\\/perkebunan-minyak-sawit-dapat-dibuat-lebih-ramah-keragaman-hayati-pakar\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Andrea Booth\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/50cdc0c493cbe2f1131515c1aa1b2b6f\"},\"headline\":\"Perkebunan minyak sawit dapat dibuat lebih ramah keragaman hayati \u2014 pakar\",\"datePublished\":\"2013-10-21T07:37:05+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2015-10-20T03:26:22+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/19607\\\/perkebunan-minyak-sawit-dapat-dibuat-lebih-ramah-keragaman-hayati-pakar\"},\"wordCount\":769,\"commentCount\":1,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/19607\\\/perkebunan-minyak-sawit-dapat-dibuat-lebih-ramah-keragaman-hayati-pakar#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2013\\\/10\\\/Oil-palm-plantation-in-Papua_bhs.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Community forestry\",\"Forest management & restoration\",\"Human well-being\",\"Landscapes\",\"Value chains & finance\"],\"inLanguage\":\"id\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/19607\\\/perkebunan-minyak-sawit-dapat-dibuat-lebih-ramah-keragaman-hayati-pakar#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2013\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/19607\\\/perkebunan-minyak-sawit-dapat-dibuat-lebih-ramah-keragaman-hayati-pakar\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/19607\\\/perkebunan-minyak-sawit-dapat-dibuat-lebih-ramah-keragaman-hayati-pakar\",\"name\":\"Perkebunan minyak sawit dapat dibuat lebih ramah keragaman hayati \u2014 pakar - 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