{"id":19466,"date":"2013-10-11T16:01:11","date_gmt":"2013-10-11T09:01:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=19466"},"modified":"2015-10-20T10:25:45","modified_gmt":"2015-10-20T03:25:45","slug":"pengetahuan-tradisional-dorong-adaptasi-iklim-di-ghana-kajian","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/19466\/pengetahuan-tradisional-dorong-adaptasi-iklim-di-ghana-kajian","title":{"rendered":"Pengetahuan tradisional dorong adaptasi iklim di Ghana: kajian"},"content":{"rendered":"

BOGOR, Indonesia (11 Oktober 2013) \u2013 Strategi yang digunakan oleh masyarakat asli desa untuk menduga bencana dan memitigasi dampak perubahan iklim bisa disebarkan untuk merancang skala besar upaya adaptasi global, demikian menurut penulis kajian<\/a> masyarakat desa di cekungan sungai Offin di Ghana.<\/p>\n

Cekungan tersebut \u2013 sebuah area semi-basah tropis dihuni terutama oleh petani subsisten \u2013 yang sangat terpukul akibat kegagalan panen sejak 2000 sebab meningginya temperatur udara, meningkatnya intensitas sinar matahari dan perubahan pola musim hujan, menurut kajian berjudul \u201cMenggunakan pengetahuan tradisional untuk menghadapi perubahan iklim di Ghana<\/a> (Using traditional knowledge to cope with climate change in Ghana)\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201cBanyak yang kita bisa pelajari dari pendekatan berbasis-adat, tradisi dan masyarakat untuk kesiapan bencana alam,\u201d kata ilmuwan Benjamin Apraku Gyampoh, ketua penulis kajian.<\/p>\n

\u201cMasyarakat asli telah berhadapan dengan perubahan lingkungan selama ratusan tahun dan mengembangkan strategi terentang luas — pengetahuan dan praktik tradisional mereka menyediakan landasan penting untuk menghadapi tantangan lebih besar perubahan iklim.<\/p>\n

GENERASI TAHU-CARA<\/strong><\/p>\n

Misalnya, pada Desember 2004, gempa dengan kekuatan 9,15 di lepas pantai provinsi Aceh Indonesia memicu tsunami di samudera Hindia yang menewaskan sekitar 226.000 orang di Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Thailand dan sembilan negara lain.<\/p>\n

Sesaat sebelum tsunami melanda, masyarakat Moken dan Urok Lawai di Thailand, Ong di pulau Andaman India dan Simeulue di Indonesia mengambil langkah pencegahan dengan berpindah ke dalam<\/a> setelah mereka melihat ombak mundur dari garis pantai. Seluruh desa hancur, tetapi penduduk selamat \u2013 hampir 80.000 penduduk Simeulue mengungsi dan kurang dari tujuh meninggal, demikian dilaporkan<\/a> PBB.<\/p>\n

Penduduk pulau tidak diperingatkan oleh pengeras suara, tetapi mengenali tanda-tanda bahaya dari cerita kehancuran yang diturunkan dari generasi-ke-generasi setelah tsunami 1907.<\/p>\n

Mereka merujuk pada cerita smong<\/i> \u2013 sebuah istilah lokal untuk menggambarkan guncangan gempa, tertariknya laut melewati batas rendah tanda ombak dan kembalinya air yang menyeruak ke daratan.<\/p>\n

\u201cTerdapat banyak yang bisa dipelajari dari pendekatan berbasis adat, tradisi dan masyarakat terhadap kesiapan bencana alam,\u201d kata Gyampoh.<\/p>\n

\u201cMasyarakat asli telah mengembangkan metode adaptasi dan strategi penangatan untuk mengelola lingkungan selama ratusan tahun, dan ini dapat disebarkan ulang untuk menghadapi tantangan besar perubahan iklim.\u201d<\/p>\n

Antara 1961 dan 2006, terdapat penurunan rata-rata hujan tahunan sebanyak 22 persen dan peningkatan suhu maksimum rata-rata 1,3 derajat Celsius \u2013 peningkatan 4,3 persen di cekungan Sungai Offin Ghana, demikian menurut riset<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u201cMasyarakat asli mungkin tidak mengerti konsep pemanasan global atau perubahan iklim, tetapi mereka melihat dan merasa dampak perubahan musim dalam pola hujan,\u201d kata Gyampoh, menambahkan bahwa observasi mereka didukung oleh temuan ilmiah.<\/p>\n

MENGHANGATNYA GHANA<\/strong><\/p>\n

Suhu di Ghana meningkat sekitar 1 derajat Celsius dalam 40 tahun terakhir abad 20, ketika hujan dan limpasan menurun pada angka 20 dan 30 persen, kata kajian tersebut, mengutip Badan Perlindungan Alam Ghana<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Sekitar 90 persen penduduka di atas usia 40 tahun di 20 masyarakat desa tinggal di area yang disurvei oleh ilmuwan bergantung pada kali, sungai dan hujan untuk kebutuhan air mereka, katanya.<\/p>\n

\"Penduduk<\/a>
Penduduk pedesaan di Ghana bergantung pada aliran air, sungai dan pengumpulan curah hujan untuk kebutuhan air mereka. John Mauremootoo<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Berkurangnya hujan dan dampak deforestasi dan degradasi hutan membuat kali mengering, kata laporan tersebut. Di sebagian musim kering, dasar sungai terlihat dan sumur mengering akibat penurunan volume aliran air.<\/p>\n

Tidak hanya mengakibatkan kegagalan panen, petani coklat melaporkan pohon-pohon mereka layu akibat sengatan matahari, serta petani sayuran juga menyatakan produksi mereka juga matang terlalu cepat, menurunkan nilainya.<\/p>\n

Keterbatasan air selama rendahnya curah hujan juga mengakibatkan masyarakat menjadi lebih rentan terhadap penyakit diare dan malaria seiring dengan meningkatnya jumlah nyamuk.<\/p>\n

PENGETAHUAN LOKAL<\/strong><\/p>\n

Penduduk di Cekungan Sungai Offin telah belajar beradaptasi terhadap perubahan suplai air dengan menggunakan kembali air cucian piring, baju dan dengan mengumpulkan air hujan untuk irigasi. Mengumpulkan air hujan adalah metode pertanian tradisional, ditinggalkan setelah lubang dan sumur modern dipasang oleh masyarakat.<\/p>\n

Hal yang secara tradisional tabu menggunakan air dalam sehari untuk dewa atau roh menurun akibat modernisasi dan adopsi Kekristenan, tetapi petani sekarang menanam tanaman tahan-kekeringan atau pindah ke dataran sungai di mana air telah tersedia.<\/p>\n

Hukung yang memungkinkan perusahan kayu mengambil alih lahan pertanian membuat petani memotong hutan daripada menjaganya ditulis ulang pada 2002<\/a>. Sekarang petani kembali ke tradisi dengan menggabungkan pohon dalam praktik pertanian atau melindungi pohon, kata kajian tersebut.<\/p>\n

Apa yang bekerja secara efektif dalam pengetahuan tradisi, telah terbukti bertahun-tahun melalui eksperimen dan penyesuaian terhadap perubahan lingkungan alami<\/i><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u201cKetika masyarakat hidup dalam lingkungan tertentu dalam waktu lama, mereka mendapat pemahaman mendalam dan belajar beradaptasi dalam lingkungan mereka,\u201d kata Gyampoh.<\/p>\n

Ini bukan sekadar praktik mana yang bekerja, katanya, tetapi memahami mengapa yang lain gagal juga penting untuk menghindari kesalahan berulang.<\/p>\n

\u201cApa yang bekerja secara efektif dalam pengetahuan tradisi, telah terbukti bertahun-tahun melalui eksperimen dan penyesuaian terhadap perubahan lingkungan alami\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cTantangan yang dihadapi masyarakat adalah tingginya kecepatan perubahan lingkungan melawan lambatnya praktik mereka berevolusi,\u201d kata Gyampoh.<\/p>\n

Johnson Nkem, penulis pendamping kajian CIFOR, setuju. Sementara pengetahuan tradisional penting, pengetahuan \u201cmodern\u201d atau ilmiah tetap sangat penting, katanya. \u201cPengembangan pengetahuan lokal bersandar ke arah kejadian berulang yang memungkinkan masyarakat membangun kapasitas dalam rangkaian waktu untuk beradaptasi terhadap dampak iklim, yang bukan kasus ekstrim atau kejutan,\u201d kata Nkem.<\/p>\n

\u201cTeknologi dan praktik modern memiliki semuanya untuk belajar dari praktik tradisional,\u201d katanya.<\/p>\n

\u201cPengembangan pengetahuan tidak mucnul dari ruang hampa. Tidak ada ilmu atau modern yang tiba-tiba saja \u201cmuncul\u201d. Setiap pengetahuan modern muncul dari adat unik, keyakinan, prinsip, praktik, gagasan dan kebijaksanaan masyarakat pada waktu, khususnya tempat tertentu.<\/p>\n

\u201cInilah pengetahuan tradisional\u201d.<\/p>\n

Dengan tambahal reportase oleh Andrea Booth<\/i><\/p>\n

Untuk informasi lebih mengenai topik diskusi dalam artikel ini \u2013 silahkan hubungi Michael Balinga di m.balinga@cgiar.org<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari Program Riset CGIAR mengenai Hutan, Pohon dan Agroforestri<\/a>. <\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

BOGOR, Indonesia (11 Oktober 2013) \u2013 Strategi yang digunakan oleh masyarakat asli desa untuk menduga bencana dan memitigasi dampak perubahan iklim bisa disebarkan untuk merancang skala besar upaya adaptasi global, demikian menurut penulis kajian masyarakat desa di cekungan sungai Offin di Ghana. Cekungan tersebut \u2013 sebuah area semi-basah tropis dihuni terutama oleh petani subsisten \u2013 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":91,"featured_media":19228,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,182,161,95,180],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12300,12222],"tag-bahasa":[2476,2679,2610,4816,2522,2718,2640,2527,4817,2516,2590,2604,2674],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[989],"class_list":["post-19466","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-community-forestry","category-deforestation","category-human-wellbeing","category-mitigating-climate-change","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-ghana","location-indonesia","tag-bahasa-adaptasi","tag-bahasa-air","tag-bahasa-bencana-alam","tag-bahasa-benjamin-apraku-gyampoh","tag-bahasa-deforestasi","tag-bahasa-ghana","tag-bahasa-hujan","tag-bahasa-hutan-kering","tag-bahasa-johnson-nkem","tag-bahasa-kehutanan-masyarakat","tag-bahasa-masyarakat-lokal","tag-bahasa-mitigasi","tag-bahasa-pengetahuan-dan-praktik-tradisional","type-bahasa-berita"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPengetahuan tradisional dorong adaptasi iklim di Ghana: kajian - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/19466\/pengetahuan-tradisional-dorong-adaptasi-iklim-di-ghana-kajian\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pengetahuan tradisional dorong adaptasi iklim di Ghana: kajian\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"BOGOR, Indonesia (11 Oktober 2013) \u2013 Strategi yang digunakan oleh masyarakat asli desa untuk menduga bencana dan memitigasi dampak perubahan iklim bisa disebarkan untuk merancang skala besar upaya adaptasi global, demikian menurut penulis kajian masyarakat desa di cekungan sungai Offin di Ghana. 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