{"id":19137,"date":"2013-09-18T11:11:40","date_gmt":"2013-09-18T04:11:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=19137"},"modified":"2015-10-27T16:06:49","modified_gmt":"2015-10-27T09:06:49","slug":"petani-kecil-kebun-wanatani-dapat-mendorong-konservasi-pohon-laporan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/19137\/petani-kecil-kebun-wanatani-dapat-mendorong-konservasi-pohon-laporan","title":{"rendered":"Petani kecil kebun agroforestri dapat mendorong konservasi pohon: Laporan"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>BOGOR, Indonesia (18 September, 2013)_Ketika hutan alam terancam oleh deforestasi atau perubahan iklim, harapan terbaik keberlangsungan spesies pohon tertentu yang terancam bisa dimasukkan dalam pengelolaan kebun agroforestri oleh petani kecil, demikian menurut riset baru.<\/p>\n<p>Spesies pohon dapat dikonservasi dalam tiga cara, demikian menurut <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/online-library\/browse\/view-publication\/publication\/4041.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">kajian terbaru dalam Biodiversity and Conservation<\/a> oleh ilmuwan Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional (CIFOR) dan Pusat Penelitian Agroforestri (ICRAF).<\/p>\n<p>Mereka bisa dibiarkan untuk tumbuh dalam habitat asli, alami, yang dikenal sebagai konservasi in situ, atau \u201cdi tempat aslinya\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Jika pohon bernilai karena menghasilkan kayu, pohon atau komoditas lain, petani bisa mentranplantasinya ke kebun wanatani sekitarnya, sebuah teknik yang dikenal sebagai konservasi <i>circa situm<\/i>, berarti \u201cdekat dengan tempat asli\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Atau, mereka bisa dikonservasi dalam bank benih atau bank genetik, dikenal sebagai konservasi ex situ, atau \u201cdi luar habitat asli\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Tiga jenis konservasi ini saling terkait, dan petani kecil memainkan peran dalam masing-masingnya, tetapi ilmuwan tahu sangat sedikit mengenai jangkauan dan batasan hubungan tersebut dan seberapa efektif mereka, kata Manuel Guariguata, ilmuwan utama CIFOR.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cKita tahu bahwa agroforestri bisa beragam, tetapi kita tidak benar-benar tahu dinamika hubungan antara petani dan ekosistem alami,\u201d katanya.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMisalnya, kita tidak persis tahu apa yang terjadi dengan kayu dan spesies lain di alam ketika petani kecil mendomesitikasi mereka dengan menanam di luar habitat alami.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Jika satu spesies ingin bisa bertahan, populasinya pasti cukup besar untuk memungkinkan keragaman genetik, tetapi lebih banyak riset diperlukan untuk menentukan seberapa baik pertanian wanatani kecil berkontribusi terhadap konservasi, kata laporan tersebut.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cKearifan konvensional adalah jika Anda menanam pohon di perkebunan atau sistem wanatani, hal ini akan berkontribusi terhadap konservasi tegakan alami pohon,\u201d kata Ian Dawson dari Pusat Penelitian Agroforestri, penulis utama laporan tersebut.<\/p>\n<p>Masyarakat diharapkan untuk memanen pohon dari perkebunan atau kebun wanatani, membiarkan hutan alam utuh, tetapi terdapat sedikit riset untuk mendukung asumsi itu, katanya, seraya menambahkan bahwa \u201cmungkin orang menerima begitu saja dan mereka tidak berpikir perlu mempelajari kaitannya.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cKita perlu lebih memahami hubungan antara praktik wanatani di satu lokasi dengan konservasi dalam sebuah hutan alam atau daerah berhutan sekitar,\u201d kata Dawson.<\/p>\n<p>Petani yang menggabungkan pertanian dan kehutanan bisa berkontribusi terhadap konservasi dengan beberapa cara, tetapi penting untuk melihat bagaimana pendekatan berbeda bekerja sama untuk meyakinkan manfaat terbesar dengan sedikit konsekuensi tak terduga, kata Guariguata.<\/p>\n<p><b>INTERVENSI ALAMI<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Kebun agroforestri bisa berfungsi sebagai \u201cbatu lompatan\u201d, memungkinkan lebah, burung dan binatang untuk menebar serbuk sari atau benih ketika mereka bergerak menuju area hutan alam\u2014sebuah proses yang bisa menghasilkan reproduksi pohon di kedua tipe lahan.<\/p>\n<p>Di tempat dimana spesies tertentu di hutan alami tidak bisa beradaptasi dengan kecepatan perubahan iklim, <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/online-library\/browse\/view-publication\/publication\/3374.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">konservasi di petak wanatani bisa menawarkan satu-satunya kesempatan untuk bertahan<\/a>, kata Dawson.<\/p>\n<p>Ilmuwan perlu informasi lebih mengenai bagaimana spesies berbeda bereproduksi dan mengenai kepadatan populasi\u2014sejumlah pohon spesies tertentu di area tertentu yang dibutukan untuk menjaga kelestarian, katanya.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Lge7P-e0xsM\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Hutan tropis adalah <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/online-library\/browse\/view-publication\/publication\/1183.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">rumah bagi beraneka ragam spesies<\/a>. Ketika petani kecil menemukan pohon yang secara khusus bernilai untuk kayu, bahan bakar, buah, kacang, obat atau kegunaan lain, mereka bisa mentransplantasi atau menabur benih di kebun wanatani. Hasilnya, kebun petani juga cenderung memiliki rentang lebar varietas spesies,<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPada pandangan pertama, ini terlihat positif, tetapi apakah ini cukup untuk konservasi akan bergantung pada spesies dan jumlah pohon,\u201d kata Dawson.<\/p>\n<p>Jika petani memilih spesies eksotis, mereka bisa menggusur spesies asli, menggagalkan tujuan konservasi, katanya. Dan jika hanya sedikit pohon spesies tertentu, mereka bisa terjalu renggang untuk penyerbukan dan reproduksi.<\/p>\n<p>Jika hanya beberapa pohon individual menyerbuki satu sama lain, hasilnya bisa menjadi perkawinan sedarah, mengarah pada pohon lebih lemah yang kurang mampu bertahan. Ketika satu spesies terancam serius di alam liar, ilmuwan bisa memilih konservasi ex situ, seringkali jauh dari habitat asli, untuk memastikan bahwa pohon ini tidak punah.<\/p>\n<p>Hal itu berarti menyimpan benih dalam bank benih, di bawah kondisi terkontrol secara hati-hati, atau bisa berarti menanam pohon di tempat yang ditujukan sebagai \u201clahan bank genetik\u201d.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_19109\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19109\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/19107\/smallholder-agroforestry-plots-may-boost-tree-conservation-report\/icraf-gene-bank\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-19109\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-19109\" src=\"\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/icraf-gene-bank-500x332.jpg\" alt=\"Ketika satu spesies pohon sangat terancam di alam, ilmuwan bisa memilih untuk menyimpan benih jauh dari habitat asli untuk memastikan mereka tidak punah. World Agroforestry Centre.\" width=\"500\" height=\"332\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-19109\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ketika satu spesies pohon sangat terancam di alam, ilmuwan bisa memilih untuk menyimpan benih jauh dari habitat asli untuk memastikan mereka tidak punah. World Agroforestry Centre.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Bagaimanapun terdapat kelemahan konservasi ex situ. Benih pohon tidak bertahan dalam penyimpanan jangka panjang, begitu pula benih pertanian, kata Dawson, dan jika pun bertahan, perlu waktu lama untuk menumbuhkannya hingga mencapai kematangan.<\/p>\n<p>Konservasi pohon ex situ cenderung mahal, dan bisa menggeser pendanaan menjauh dari strategi konservasi paling efektif, katanya. Lahan antara bisa ditemukan dengan menanami pohon terancam di kebun botani, yang sekaligus bisa mempromosikan edukasi dan peningkatan kesadaran sambil menjaga spesies, kata penulis laporan tersebut.<\/p>\n<p>Selain temuan-temuan ini, banyak pertanyaan tersisa mengenai bagaimana wanatani berkontribusi terhadap konservasi.<\/p>\n<p>Ilmuwan harus lebih mempelajari mengenai perkebunan atau kebijakan seperti sertifikasi benar-benar menolong konservasi spesies di alam\u2014riset yang akan melibatkan ekologi dan genetik, kata Guariguata.<\/p>\n<p>Karena petani kecil secara konstan <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/publications\/pdf_files\/Books\/BMichon0501E0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">mendomestikasi spesies liar<\/a> yang bermanfaat bagi mereka, peneliti bisa belajar banyak dengan mempelajari bagaimana petani mengelola alam liar dan pohon terdomestikasi serta bagaimana populasi alam dan domestikasi berinteraksi, katanya.<\/p>\n<p>Satu pertanyaan penting adalah bagaimana pemanasan iklim akan mempengaruhi hutan tropis, kata Dawson.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPerhatian kunci adalah apakah perubahan iklim akan mengubah populasi penyerbuk dan apa aritnya bagi spesies pohon,\u201d katanya.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cItu sangat penting dalam bentang alam pertanian, dimana konservasi juga bergantung pada seberapa bernilai satu spesies terhadap petani.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><b>Untuk informasi lebih mengenai subjek diskusi dalam blog ini, silahkan hubungi Manuel Guariguata di <\/b><a href=\"mailto:m.guariguata@cgiar.org\"><b>m.guariguata@cgiar.org<\/b><\/a><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p><i>Riset ini merupakan bagian dari <\/i><i>Program Riset CGIAR mengenai Pohon, Hutan dan Agroforestri<\/i>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>BOGOR, Indonesia (18 September, 2013)_Ketika hutan alam terancam oleh deforestasi atau perubahan iklim, harapan terbaik keberlangsungan spesies pohon tertentu yang terancam bisa dimasukkan dalam pengelolaan kebun agroforestri oleh petani kecil, demikian menurut riset baru. Spesies pohon dapat dikonservasi dalam tiga cara, demikian menurut kajian terbaru dalam Biodiversity and Conservation oleh ilmuwan Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":36626,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,182,137,95,1072,184],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12215],"tag-bahasa":[2481,2522,2685,4759,2516,2520,3240,2659,3017,2561],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3102],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[831],"class_list":["post-19137","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-community-forestry","category-forest-management-restoration","category-human-wellbeing","category-landscapes","category-value-chains-finance","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-global","tag-bahasa-agroforestri","tag-bahasa-deforestasi","tag-bahasa-domestikasi","tag-bahasa-ian-dawson","tag-bahasa-kehutanan-masyarakat","tag-bahasa-konservasi","tag-bahasa-manuel-guariguata","tag-bahasa-petani-kecil","tag-bahasa-pusat-penelitian-agroforestri-dunia","tag-bahasa-sumber-daya-genetik","type-bahasa-video-tj"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Petani kecil kebun agroforestri dapat mendorong konservasi pohon: Laporan - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/19137\/petani-kecil-kebun-wanatani-dapat-mendorong-konservasi-pohon-laporan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Petani kecil kebun agroforestri dapat mendorong konservasi pohon: Laporan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"BOGOR, Indonesia (18 September, 2013)_Ketika hutan alam terancam oleh deforestasi atau perubahan iklim, harapan terbaik keberlangsungan spesies pohon tertentu yang terancam bisa dimasukkan dalam pengelolaan kebun agroforestri oleh petani kecil, demikian menurut riset baru. Spesies pohon dapat dikonservasi dalam tiga cara, demikian menurut kajian terbaru dalam Biodiversity and Conservation oleh ilmuwan Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/19137\/petani-kecil-kebun-wanatani-dapat-mendorong-konservasi-pohon-laporan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2013-09-18T04:11:40+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2015-10-27T09:06:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/agroforest-zambia-500x375._bhsjpg.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"375\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Barbara Fraser\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@barbara_fraser\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/19137\\\/petani-kecil-kebun-wanatani-dapat-mendorong-konservasi-pohon-laporan#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/19137\\\/petani-kecil-kebun-wanatani-dapat-mendorong-konservasi-pohon-laporan\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Barbara Fraser\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/3f84c53b70c9b8fa7a5689aaa3c5076f\"},\"headline\":\"Petani kecil kebun agroforestri dapat mendorong konservasi pohon: Laporan\",\"datePublished\":\"2013-09-18T04:11:40+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2015-10-27T09:06:49+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/19137\\\/petani-kecil-kebun-wanatani-dapat-mendorong-konservasi-pohon-laporan\"},\"wordCount\":896,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/19137\\\/petani-kecil-kebun-wanatani-dapat-mendorong-konservasi-pohon-laporan#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2013\\\/09\\\/agroforest-zambia-500x375._bhsjpg.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Climate change &amp; 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