{"id":18279,"date":"2013-07-30T17:15:03","date_gmt":"2013-07-30T10:15:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=18279"},"modified":"2017-11-22T10:14:38","modified_gmt":"2017-11-22T03:14:38","slug":"ilmuwan-mencari-tradisi-hutan-dalam-menghadapi-perubahan-iklim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/18279\/ilmuwan-mencari-tradisi-hutan-dalam-menghadapi-perubahan-iklim","title":{"rendered":"Ilmuwan mencari tradisi hutan dalam menghadapi perubahan iklim"},"content":{"rendered":"

SAN JOSE, Kosta Rika (30 Juli 2013) \u2014 Apa kesamaan ketela yang dipelihara di kebun ketela di tengah hutan Amazon Brasil itu dengan leher biola Eropa jaman dulu?<\/p>\n

Keduanya adalah produk pengetahuan tradisional yang telah menolong manusia beradaptasi dengan perubahan dunia sejak awal kemanusiaan, demikian dikatakan peneliti di Kongres Ketiga Amerika Latin the International Union of Forestry Research Organizations<\/a> (IUFRO) di San Jos\u00e9, Kosta Rika.<\/p>\n

Ketika perubahan iklim mengancam penghidupan masyarakat hutan, ilmuwan mengaku mengarahkan telinga pada mitos, cerita dan lagu yang merupakan bentuk pewarisan pengetahuan terkait hutan dari generasi ke generasi.<\/p>\n

\u201cBerkembang kesadaran mengenai nilai dan peran saling melengkapi antara pengetahuan tradisional dan ilmu pengetahuan<\/a> formal,\u201d kata John Parotta, pimpinan program riset U.S. Forest Service untuk isu sains internasional dalam presentasi di diskusi panel.<\/p>\n

Pengetahuan tradisi terkait hutan dipetik dari hubungan masyarakat dengan lahan, yang menjadi bagian penting identitas<\/a> mereka, kata Parotta, yang merupakan anggota dewan direksi IUFRO, dan bersama Ronald Trosper dari Universitas Arizona menjadi editor \u201cTraditional Forest-Related Knowledge: Sustaining Communities, Ecosystems and Biocultural Diversity<\/a>,\u201d yang mengeksplorasi cara orang di dunia menggunakan pengetahuan tradisionalnya,<\/p>\n

Hubungan tersebut mengarah pada cara lebih lestari dalam pertanian dan memanfaatkan produk hutan, katanya.<\/p>\n

Miguel Pinedo-Vasquez, ilmuwan Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) telah melihat praktik ini secara langsung di masyarakat pinggir sungai Amazon.<\/p>\n

\u201cSistem produksi petani kecil secara inheren bisa beradaptasi, karena mereka telah terbiasa berhadapan dengan variabilitas lingkungan dan berubah dalam rangka menyediakan kebutuhan untuk keluarga mereka,\u201d kata Pinedo-Vasquez ketika presentasi<\/a> mengenai \u201cPengetahuan Hutan: Sumber daya masyarakat Amazon untuk Adaptasi dan Mitigasi Perubahan Iklim.\u201d<\/p>\n

Walaupun variabilitas rutin, seperti naik dan turunnya level air di muara karena siklus pasang akibat fase bulan, diperumit<\/a> dengan banjir parah akibat fenomena iklim seperti El Nino, selain juga interferensi manusia, antara lain konstruksi bendung pembangkit listrik mendorong perubahan aliran alami sungai, katanya.<\/p>\n

Masyarakat selalu menemukan cara baru beradaptasi dengan ketidakpastian ini, mengubah kebiasaan mancing untuk mengambil keuntungan udang air tawar yang berlimpah selama banjir, ketika spesies lain langka.<\/p>\n

Mereka juga membangun kerangka kayu di bawah platorm berbentuk seperti tempat istirahat perahu, tempat mereka menanam segala sesuatu, mulai dari daun-daunan hingga ketela. Tanamannya beragam seperti di tanah, tetapi tanaman ini aman dari jangkauan banjir, kata Pinedo-Vasquez.<\/p>\n

\u201cBagaimana mereka beradaptasi terhadap perubahan banjir? Mereka membangun sistem produksi berbeda,\u201d katanya. \u201cMasalahnya ialah banyak program yang didisain untuk membantu masyrakat beradaptasi dengan perubahan iklim berfokus di produk, sementara masyarakat sendiri mencari bentuk lain adaptasi. Mereka tidak berharap satu jenis tanaman untuk memecahkan masalah mereka\u2014ini akan menjadi sistem lebih besar yang mencakup seperti hewan buruan, ikan dan produk hutan.\u201d<\/p>\n

Jadi apa hubungannya dengan biola?<\/p>\n

Masyarakat yang tinggal dalam lingkungan Amazon bukan satu-satunya yang menggunakan pengetahuan tradisional, kata Marco Fioravanti, dalam presentasi \u201cWarisan Kayu sebagai sumber referensi untuk Kajian Pengetahuan Tradisional.\u201d<\/p>\n

Menyodorkan bukti dari disain patung religius, rumah kerangka kayu hingga kursi, Fioravanti mengkaji cara teknologi pengerjaan kayu berubah sebagai respon terhadap perubahan kebutuhan dan kondisi.<\/p>\n

Tukang kayu awal Eropa mengukir patung religius dari batang kayu utuh, menekankan bagian depan patung, tetapi membiarkan bagian belakang lebih kasar, katanya. Tetapi gaya berubah secara drastis saat Renaisans. Hanya dalam 50 tahun, batang kayu utuh hilang dari mode, diganti oleh patung lebih rinci dengan bagian-bagian direkatkan.<\/p>\n

\u201cRenaisans menempatkan manusia sebagai pusat sejarah, jadi representasi patung manusia\u2014dalam sudut pandang 360 derajat \u2013menjadi vital,\u201d kata Fioravanti. \u201cTukang kayu perlu menghasilkan kualitas tertentu tubuh manusia, bahkan di bagian belakang patung.\u201d<\/p>\n

Dan biola? Nah ini agak rumit. Dalam separuh milenium, pembuat biola Eropa merancang biola terbaik dunia dari gabungan kayu cemara dan maple, dan teknologi modern tidak bisa meningkatkan suara dari kayu yang dibuat.<\/p>\n

\u201cBanyak upaya mengubah spesies ini, tetapi pengetahuan tradisional lebih kuat dari evolusi teknologi,\u201d kata Fioravanti.<\/p>\n

Apa yang berubah adalah bentuk leher biola<\/a>, menjadi lebih bersudut ketika bentuk dan rasa musik berubah, membutuhkan permainan lebih kuat dan nada lebih tinggi.<\/p>\n

\u201cJenis musik yang dicari berbeda, jadi mereka harus menyesuaikan bentuk dan sudut leher,\u201d katanya.<\/p>\n

Fioravanti menemukan bukti bahwa orang beradaptasi dengan perubahan kebutuhan dan lingkungan dalam artefak kayu lain, mulai dari rumah hingga kursi.<\/p>\n

\u201cKayu adalah simpanan pengetahuan intangible dan warisan kayu adalah simpanan pengetahuan teknologis,\u201d katanya. \u201cKita bisa belajar dari solusi ini. Tentu saja, kita harus bisa mentransformasi pengetahuan empiris itu menjadi pengetahuan saintifik.\u201d<\/p>\n

Dan seperti dikatakan Pinedo-Vasquez, ini menjadi tantangan segera bagi ilmuwan yang mempelajari cara petani kecil beradaptasi terhadap perubahan dunia mereka.<\/p>\n

Untuk informasi lebih mengenai isu yang didiskusikan dalam artikel ini, silahkan hubungi Miguel Pinedo-Vasquez di <\/b>m.pinedo-vasquez@cgiar.org<\/b><\/a><\/b><\/p>\n

Riset ini dilakukan sebagai bagian dari Program Riset CGIAR mengenai Hutan, Pohon dan Agroforestri.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

SAN JOSE, Kosta Rika (30 Juli 2013) \u2014 Apa kesamaan ketela yang dipelihara di kebun ketela di tengah hutan Amazon Brasil itu dengan leher biola Eropa jaman dulu? Keduanya adalah produk pengetahuan tradisional yang telah menolong manusia beradaptasi dengan perubahan dunia sejak awal kemanusiaan, demikian dikatakan peneliti di Kongres Ketiga Amerika Latin the International Union […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":36436,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,95],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12263],"tag-bahasa":[2476,4842,2516,4843,2589,2921,2674,2659],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[831],"class_list":["post-18279","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-human-wellbeing","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-amazon","tag-bahasa-adaptasi","tag-bahasa-john-parotta","tag-bahasa-kehutanan-masyarakat","tag-bahasa-marco-fioravanti","tag-bahasa-mata-pencaharian","tag-bahasa-miguel-pinedo-vasquez","tag-bahasa-pengetahuan-dan-praktik-tradisional","tag-bahasa-petani-kecil","type-bahasa-berita"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nIlmuwan mencari tradisi hutan dalam menghadapi perubahan iklim - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/18279\/ilmuwan-mencari-tradisi-hutan-dalam-menghadapi-perubahan-iklim\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ilmuwan mencari tradisi hutan dalam menghadapi perubahan iklim\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"SAN JOSE, Kosta Rika (30 Juli 2013) \u2014 Apa kesamaan ketela yang dipelihara di kebun ketela di tengah hutan Amazon Brasil itu dengan leher biola Eropa jaman dulu? 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