{"id":18040,"date":"2013-07-23T13:20:40","date_gmt":"2013-07-23T06:20:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=18040"},"modified":"2015-10-20T10:53:31","modified_gmt":"2015-10-20T03:53:31","slug":"masyarakat-beradaptasi-atas-hilangnya-jasa-ekosistem-hutan-bank-dunia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/18040\/masyarakat-beradaptasi-atas-hilangnya-jasa-ekosistem-hutan-bank-dunia","title":{"rendered":"Masyarakat beradaptasi atas hilangnya jasa ekosistem hutan \u2013 Bank Dunia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>SAN JOS\u00c9, Kosta Rika (23 Juli 2013) \u2014 Bertahun-tahun, telah menjadi kearifan umum di antara periset dan pakar pembangunan: Hilangnya jasa ekosistem, khususnya yang disediakan hutan akan memberi dampak besar bagi masyarakat miskin, seiring dengan deforestasi dan degradasi hutan menurun pula kenyamanan hidup manusia.<\/p>\n<p>Masalahnya? Pertama, bukti <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/10.1525\/bio.2010.60.8.4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">menunjukkan sesuatu lain tengah berjalan<\/a>: Bersama dengan tutupan hutan menurun dan menghilang, <a href=\"http:\/\/hdr.undp.org\/en\/statistics\/hdi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Indeks Pengembangan Manusia<\/a> dalam Program Pembangunan PBB meningkat secara konsisten di seluruh dunia. Kedua, tutupan pohon <a href=\"ftp:\/\/ftp.fao.org\/docrep\/fao\/007\/y5574e\/y5574e00.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">saat ini meningkat<\/a> di desa dan bentang alam pertanian, walaupun tutupan hutan dunia menurun.<\/p>\n<p>Apa penyebab sesuatu yang tampak kontradiktif ini dan mengapa ini terjadi?<\/p>\n<p>Peter Dewees, penasihat kehutanan Bank Dunia, menyatakan bahwa peningkatan tutupan pohon di pertanian menggambarkan adaptasi \u201cpada skala besar\u201d dengan implikasi besar pada pengambilan keputusan, dan memanggil peneliti untuk mengisi lubang penting dalam data\u2014dan memikirkan ulang paradigma riset lama mengenai hutan, pohon dan penggunaan lahan.<\/p>\n<p>Peningkatan tutupan hutan di desa dan pertanian \u201cterjadi di mana-mana,\u201d kata Dewees saat bulan lalu menjadi pembicara utama di <a href=\"http:\/\/web.catie.ac.cr\/iufrolat\/IufroLat_ing.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Third IUFRO Latin American Congress<\/a>. Dari Afrika ke Amerika Latin ke Asia Selatan, katanya, pohon digunakan untuk mendorong siklus nutrisi, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/14882\/forest-foods-should-be-used-in-fight-against-global-malnutrition-scientist\/%22%20%5Cl%20%22.UcZRAj788Vk\">meningkatkan konsumsi buah<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/13956\/understanding-role-of-forest-income-in-rural-livelihoods-insights-from-china\/?utm_source=search+result&amp;utm_medium=Search+URL&amp;utm_campaign=Blog+search+result%22%20%5Cl%20%22.UcZRuD788Vk\">menyokong pemasukan rumah tangga<\/a>, memperkuat ketahanan terhadap guncangan lingkungan dan ekonomi, dan bahkan mendemarkasi batas ladang.<\/p>\n<p>Dewees memberi banyak contoh. Ketersediaan pohon di sejumlah desa di Nigeria yang melonjak dalam 25 tahun terakhir, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ifpri.org\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/ifpridp00914.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">secara dramatis meningkatkan panen jawawut dan sorgum<\/a>. Restorasi bentang alam di Cina pada periode yang sama mendorong ribuan kilometer persegi <a href=\"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-94-007-5338-9_4%22%20%5Cl%20%22page-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">lahan tandus ditanami pepohonan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.slideshare.net\/slideshow\/embed_code\/24334487\" width=\"476\" height=\"400\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Di Zambia, periset di lapangan mencoba menanam pohon <i>Faidherbia<\/i>, kerabat pohon akasia, berdekatan dengan ladang jagung. Setelah pohon-pohon\u2014dengan bibit murah, dan mudah pemeliharaan\u2014ditumpangsarikan dengan jagung, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.worldagroforestry.org\/sites\/default\/files\/F.a_keystone_of_Ev_Ag.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">panen melonjak<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cApa yang kita saksikan,\u201d kata Dewey, \u201cadalah adaptasi terhadap kehilangan jasa ekosistem pada skala besar, dengan dampak besar terhadap kemiskinan.<\/p>\n<p>Memperluas skala upaya adaptasi seperti ini dapat menghasilkan jutaan ton tambahan produksi dan tambahan pemasukan, belum lagi sekuestrasi karbon (penangkapan dan penyimpanan karbon dioksida dari atmosfer): Ekspansi sistem mirip-<i>Faidherbia<\/i> ke tambahan 5 juta hektare, kata Dewees, bisa menangkap tambahan 30 juta hingga 50 juta ton karbon setiap tahun.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.profor.info\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Program Hutan (PROFOR)<\/a> Bank Dunia, bekerjasama dengan <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR)<\/a>, saat ini tengah menjalankan riset untuk meningkatkan pemahaman <a href=\"http:\/\/www.profor.info\/knowledge\/using-forests-enhance-resilience-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">peran hutan dalam meningkatkan ketahanan iklim sektor lain<\/a>, termasuk pertanian.<\/p>\n<p>Perluasan skala akan membutuhkan perubahan kebijakan, dan ini tidak hanya membutuhkan data lebih banyak dan lebih baik\u2014Dewees mengutip sejumlah tantangan dan kekurangan dalam kumpulan data yang digunakan untuk tujuan ini\u2014tetapi juga cara berpikir baru mengenai penggunaan lahan.<\/p>\n<p>Terlalu sering, katanya, paradigma riset berfokus semata pada hutan daripada pada bentang alam tempat hutan, hutan tanaman dan pepohonan tinggal.  Cara baru memandang penggunaan lahan akan \u201clebih mengenali kompleksitas sistem penggunaan lahan dan jasa ekosistem yang mendukung mereka,\u201d katanya.<\/p>\n<p>Untuk informasi lebih pada isu yang didiskusikan dalam artikel ini, silahkan hubungi Miguel Pinedo-Vasquez at m.pinedo-vasquez@cgiar.org<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>SAN JOS\u00c9, Kosta Rika (23 Juli 2013) \u2014 Bertahun-tahun, telah menjadi kearifan umum di antara periset dan pakar pembangunan: Hilangnya jasa ekosistem, khususnya yang disediakan hutan akan memberi dampak besar bagi masyarakat miskin, seiring dengan deforestasi dan degradasi hutan menurun pula kenyamanan hidup manusia. Masalahnya? Pertama, bukti menunjukkan sesuatu lain tengah berjalan: Bersama dengan tutupan [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":212,"featured_media":34749,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,161,95],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12215],"tag-bahasa":[2476,2874,2532,2516,2550,2589,4831],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[1083,6162],"class_list":["post-18040","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-deforestation","category-human-wellbeing","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-global","tag-bahasa-adaptasi","tag-bahasa-bank-dunia","tag-bahasa-jasa-ekosistem","tag-bahasa-kehutanan-masyarakat","tag-bahasa-ketahanan-pangan","tag-bahasa-mata-pencaharian","tag-bahasa-peter-dewees","type-bahasa-berita"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.8 (Yoast SEO v28.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Masyarakat beradaptasi atas hilangnya jasa ekosistem hutan \u2013 Bank Dunia - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/18040\/masyarakat-beradaptasi-atas-hilangnya-jasa-ekosistem-hutan-bank-dunia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Masyarakat beradaptasi atas hilangnya jasa ekosistem hutan \u2013 Bank Dunia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"SAN JOS\u00c9, Kosta Rika (23 Juli 2013) \u2014 Bertahun-tahun, telah menjadi kearifan umum di antara periset dan pakar pembangunan: Hilangnya jasa ekosistem, khususnya yang disediakan hutan akan memberi dampak besar bagi masyarakat miskin, seiring dengan deforestasi dan degradasi hutan menurun pula kenyamanan hidup manusia. 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