{"id":18028,"date":"2013-07-22T16:18:00","date_gmt":"2013-07-22T09:18:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=18028"},"modified":"2015-10-20T10:51:51","modified_gmt":"2015-10-20T03:51:51","slug":"18028","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/18028\/18028","title":{"rendered":"Memperkuat kolektivitas pro-miskin membantu menjaga hutan tropis kering Afrika"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>BOGOR, Indonesia (22 Juli 2013) \u2013 Aksi kolektif formal dapat meningkatkan penghidupan petani kecil desa dan mendorong keberlanjutan produksi produk hutan non-kayu di negara kering Afrika Barat, namun setiap koperasi memerlukan struktur unik untuk berhasil, menurut hasil <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/online-library\/browse\/view-publication\/publication\/3854.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">penelitian<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Ilmuwan <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR)<\/a> mempelajari manfaat dan tantangan menggunakan organisasi produksi kolaboratif sebagai mekanisme produksi dan pemasaran shea dari Burkina Faso, kemenyan (<i>gum olibanum<\/i>) dari Etiopia dan madu dari Zambia.<\/p>\n<p>Tujuan keseluruhan projek riset CIFOR, didanai oleh <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sida.se\/English\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency<\/a> (SIDA), adalah untuk memperkuat insentif ekonomi, kelembagaan dan kebijakan untuk pengelolaan hutan lestari\u2014bagian dari upaya global untuk mencapai  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/millenniumgoals\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">U.N. Millennium Development Goals<\/a>\u2014 delapan target anti-kemiskinan yang akan berakhir pada tahun 2015.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cKami mencoba mendapatkan pemahaman lebih baik bagaimana aksi kolektif dapat menjamin pencapaian hasil <i>pro-poor<\/i> dalam upaya meningkatkan pendapatan, menjamin pengelolaan lestari sumber daya dan akses ke sumber daya,\u201d kata Mathurin Zida, ilmuwan regional dan koordinator CIFOR di Afrika Barat.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cKami belajar bahwa tidak ada strategi \u2018satu ukuran untuk semua\u2019 untuk organisasi produksi desa mencapai sukses dalam aksi kolektif bersama.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Tidak semua orang terlibat dalam pengumpulan dan pemasaran produk pohon di hutan kering tropis mencapai level sukses dan kesejahteraan yang sama, kata Zida, yang menghadiri <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fara-africa.org\/scienceweek\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Africa Agriculture Science Week<\/a> di Accra, Ghana.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cKami ingin menginvestigasi pengalaman kelompok-kelompok berbeda untuk mengambil pelajaran yang bisa diterapkan pada semua isu terkait pertanian bagi pengambil kebijakan, praktisi dan pendukung masyarakat desa,\u201d katanya.<\/p>\n<p>Tema pertemuan Accra adalah \u201cAfrika Memberi Makan Afrika melalui Ilmu dan Inovasi pertanian\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cKeamanan pangan juga lebih bisa dicapai melalui aksi kolektif yang membuat lebih mudah bagi petani kecil mendapat akses terhadap pengetahuan yang dikembangkan riset pertanian, dan dengan meningkatkan akses ke peluang pendanaan yang seringkali menjadi penghalang utama pada inovasi pertanian,\u201d kata Zida.<\/p>\n<p><b>KAJIAN KASUS-DEMI-KASUS<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Ilmuwan mempelajari contoh dari organisasi produksi untuk lebih memahami motif di balik kolaborasi di hutan kering tropis, yang ditandai dengan musim kering panjang. Petani kecil industri shea, kemenyan dan madu dipilih untuk kajian karena dampak luas mereka.<\/p>\n<p>Tiga komoditas ini diperdagangkan di pasar lokal, regional dan internasional, diidentifikasi oleh pemerintah dan organisasi non-pemerintah atas kontribusi mereka kepada penghidupan lokal, ekonomi nasional, dan terkait dengan organisasi produksi, kata Zida, penulis pendamping \u201c<a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/online-library\/browse\/view-publication\/publication\/3854.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Benefits, challenges and enabling conditions of collective action to promote sustainable production and marketing of products from Africa\u2019s dry forests<\/a>\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Shea, dikumpulkan oleh wanita dari ladang, digunakan untuk produk kosmetik, memasak dan sebagai pengganti coklat. Kemenyan dikumpulkan dari pohon oleh pria dan digunakan untuk dupa, makanan, parfum, minuman dan cat.<\/p>\n<p>Madu Zambia, dikumpulkan oleh kebanyakan pria, adalah makanan manis olahan lebah dari sarang di hutan dari nektar bunga digunakan sebagai penyebar, dalam pengobatan dan bir. Lebah madu menghasilkan lilin, propolis dan royal jelly dimanfaatkan dalam kesehatan, gigi dan industri kosmetik.<\/p>\n<p><b>POSITIF DAN PERANGKAP<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Di semua tiga negara, petani kecil produsen menyatakan pemasukan mereka meningkat jika mereka beroperasi sebagai bagian kolektif, daripada sebagai individu, demikian dilaporkan.<\/p>\n<p>Beroperasi secara bersama, kata para produsen memberi peningkatan terhadap akses sumber daya hutan, dukungan eksternal, pasar internasional, pasar ceruk, informasi, pelatihan dan kredit dari penyedia layanan, demikian hasil riset.<\/p>\n<p>Contohnya, di Zambia, organisasi produksi diuntungkan dari layanan pesan pendek yang memberi akses pada pembeli potensial dan harga, meningkatkan informasi penawaran.<\/p>\n<p>Di Etiopia, organisasi produksi bernegosiasi dengan otoritas untuk mendapat hak terhadap hutan di mana sebelumnya aksesnya terlarang bagi swasta atau perusahaan milik pemerintah.<\/p>\n<p>Di Burkina Faso dan Etiopia, aksi kolektif berkontribusi terhadap pengelolaan hutan lestari melalui pelatihan teknik panen lestari.<\/p>\n<p>Sisi lemahnya, organisasi produksi dapat menghadapi lemahnya akuntabilitas kepemimpinan dan transparansi dalam pengambilan keputusan; infrastruktur buruk; lemahnya informasi mengenai potensi produksi dan pasar; persaingan lahan; dan kesulitan mempertahankan kepemilikan lahan, atau hak pengelolaan, demikian ditunjukkan riset.<\/p>\n<p>Kendala akses pasar seringkali tetap berada di luar jangkauan organisasi produksi untuk bisa diatasi, sebagai bagian lemahnya transparansi tujuan dan aturan, ketidakadilan dalam pembagian keuntungan dan masalah tata kelola, demikian menurut laporan tersebut.<\/p>\n<p>Contohnya, koperasi getah di Etiopia menghadapi rintangan mengenai keadilan pembagian keuntungan karena negosiasi harga dilakukan hanya pada level komite eksekutif, menghalangi transparansi terkait marjin keuntungan.<\/p>\n<p>Secara umum, ilmuwan menghasilkan enam faktor kunci yang menjadi krusial untuk melakukan strukturisasi organisasi produksi sehingga mereka mendukung aksi kolektif untuk meningkatkan tanggungjawab pengelolaan hutan dan praktik pemasaran produk.<\/p>\n<p>Tidak hanya organisasi produksi yang seharusnya meningkatkan akses ke sumber daya dan pasar, tetapi politik lokal dan konteks sosio ekonomi seharusnya dipertimbangkan, kata ilmuwan.<\/p>\n<p>Akuntabilitas dan transparansi dalam pengambilan keputusan dan kepemimpinan juga menjadi kunci.<\/p>\n<p>Ilmuwan menemukan, walaupun aksi kolektif penting, hal ini bukan persyaratan untuk meningkatkan produksi, pengolahan dan pemasaran prduk dari hutan kering di Afrika Barat.<\/p>\n<p><b>Untuk informasi lebih pada isu yang didiskusikan dalam artikel ini, silahkan hubungi <i>Mathuri Zida<\/i> di <i><ins cite=\"mailto:Bruno%20Vander%20Velde\" datetime=\"2013-07-16T11:57\"><a href=\"mailto:m.zida@cgiar.org\">m.zida@cgiar.org<\/a><\/ins>. <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><i>Riset ini dilangsungkan sebagai bagian dari projek \u201cMencapai <\/i><i>Millennium Development Goals di Hutan Kering Afrika\u2014dari aksi lokal, ke reformasi kebijakan nasional \u2013dari aksi lokal ke reformasi kebijakan\u201d secara umum dikenal sebagai Projek Hutan Kering tahap dua (DFP II), yang didukung oleh SIDA. <\/i><i><\/i><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>BOGOR, Indonesia (22 Juli 2013) \u2013 Aksi kolektif formal dapat meningkatkan penghidupan petani kecil desa dan mendorong keberlanjutan produksi produk hutan non-kayu di negara kering Afrika Barat, namun setiap koperasi memerlukan struktur unik untuk berhasil, menurut hasil penelitian. Ilmuwan Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) mempelajari manfaat dan tantangan menggunakan organisasi produksi kolaboratif sebagai mekanisme [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":91,"featured_media":31540,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,13,95],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12245],"tag-bahasa":[2614,2527,2556,2550,2570,2589,3278,2488,2578,2659,2658],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[989],"class_list":["post-18028","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-governance","category-human-wellbeing","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-africa","tag-bahasa-hasil-hutan-non-kayu","tag-bahasa-hutan-kering","tag-bahasa-kemenyan","tag-bahasa-ketahanan-pangan","tag-bahasa-madu","tag-bahasa-mata-pencaharian","tag-bahasa-mathurin-zida","tag-bahasa-pembagian-keuntungan","tag-bahasa-perdagangan-internasional","tag-bahasa-petani-kecil","tag-bahasa-shea","type-bahasa-berita"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Memperkuat kolektivitas pro-miskin membantu menjaga hutan tropis kering Afrika - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/18028\/18028\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Memperkuat kolektivitas pro-miskin membantu menjaga hutan tropis kering Afrika\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"BOGOR, Indonesia (22 Juli 2013) \u2013 Aksi kolektif formal dapat meningkatkan penghidupan petani kecil desa dan mendorong keberlanjutan produksi produk hutan non-kayu di negara kering Afrika Barat, namun setiap koperasi memerlukan struktur unik untuk berhasil, menurut hasil penelitian. 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