{"id":16863,"date":"2013-06-05T17:37:14","date_gmt":"2013-06-05T10:37:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=16863"},"modified":"2015-10-27T16:34:49","modified_gmt":"2015-10-27T09:34:49","slug":"perjuangan-projek-redd-meninggi-pada-pertarungan-tenurial-studi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/16863\/perjuangan-projek-redd-meninggi-pada-pertarungan-tenurial-studi","title":{"rendered":"Perjuangan projek REDD+ meninggi pada pertarungan tenurial \u2013 studi"},"content":{"rendered":"

BOGOR, Indonesia (3 Juni 2013) \u2013 Konflik lahan antara perusahaan minyak sawit dan masyarakat di Indonesia. Penghuni liar tanpa dokumen hak lahan di Brasil. Pemimpin lokal mengeksploitasi praktik tradisional untuk mengeruk keuntungan di Tanzania. Masuknya perambahan ke taman nasional oleh perusahaan agro-industri di Kamerun. Ketidakjelasan hak atas karbon di Vietnam.<\/p>\n

Hal-hal tersebut hanya sebagian dari kompleksnya isu kepemilikan atau lahan tenurial yang dengan keras berupaya diatasi oleh para proponen projek REDD+ di seluruh dunia.<\/p>\n

Namun upaya mereka sendiri mungkin tidak cukup untuk mengatasi keamanan tenurial, demikian menurut studi Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR).<\/p>\n

\u201cDalam banyak kasus, proponen mencoba menyelesaikan tantangan tenurial tingkat lokal di tempat asal dan cakupannya berada dalam batas projek,\u201d kata ilmuwan CIFOR, William Sunderlin, penulis utama laporan \u201cHow are REDD+ proponents addressing tenure problems?<\/a>\u201d (Bagaimana proponen REDD+ mengatasi masalah kepemilikan?).<\/p>\n

Keamanan tenurial adalah suatu kondisi wajib<\/a> bagi keberhasilan REDD+, sebuah mekanisme usulan untuk mengurangi emisi dari deforestasi dan degradasi dengan menawarkan insentif kondisional kepada pengelola lahan untuk menjaga tegakan hutan.<\/p>\n

Jika tidak jelas siapa yang memiliki hak atas hutan atau karbon, maka tidak jelas siapa yang bertanggungjawab untuk mengurangi emisi atau siapa yang dapat mengklaim keuntungannya. Lebih jauh lagi, setiap orang yang tidak yakin akan hak lahannya memiliki sedikit insentif untuk berperan dalam aktivitas REDD+. Kegagalan menjernihkan kepemilikan lahan juga akan membangkitkan perebutan sumber daya karbon hutan, mengarah pada pelanggaran hak yang ada dan menghancurkan penghidupan lokal.<\/p>\n

Lahan pribadi, menjauhlah?<\/b><\/p>\n

Bagi Sunderlin dan rekan-rekannya, tenurial bagi yang masyarakat yang hidup di hutan perlu menjadi perhatian, \u201ckarena mereka yang akan menerapkan REDD+ di lapangan, dan siapa yang akan untung atau rugi tergantung dari metode penerapannya\u201d.<\/p>\n

Mereka juga orang-orang yang akan bekerja dengan beragam organisasi yang melaksanakan projek demonstrasi di desa-desa di negara-negara kaya hutan. Studi CIFOR<\/a> memeriksa tenurial di 19 lokasi projek tersebut, terdiri dari 71 desa di Brasil, Kamerun, Indonesia, Tanzania, dan Vietnam. Ilmuwan bertanya kepada para penduduk tentang persepsi mereka akan tenurial, dan para proponen projek tentang tindakan-tindakan terkait tenurial.<\/p>\n

Lebih dari separuh penduduk yang disurvei melaporkan bahwa tenurial mereka, setidaknya atas sebagian lahan tidak aman. Mereka mengutip kompetisi atas lahan, invasi dan kurangnya pengakuan sebagai alasan utama.<\/p>\n

\u201cAncaman terbesar terhadap keamanan kepemilikan adalah klaim eksternal pada lahan hutan,\u201d catat Sunderlin. Banyak penduduk berjuang untuk meminta penduduk lain-lain, seperti penduduk desa tetangga, masyarakat berpindah, perusahaan penebangan hutan dan agro-industri.<\/p>\n

Walaupun para penduduk di banyak desa yakin mereka memiliki hak untuk meminta para pendatang pindah, penelitian lapangan mengungkapkan bahwa hanya hampir seperlima dari desa-desa yang berhasil meminta para pendatang keluar.<\/p>\n

Secara umum, pendukung projek mengidentifikasi lebih banyak isu kepemilikan dibanding penduduk lokal, jika hanya penduduk lebih berminat terhadap kesejahteraan, sementara proponen juga memikirkan soal REDD+.<\/p>\n

\u201cHasil wawancara kami menyatakan bahwa organisasi pendukung menempatkan isu tenurial secara serius,\u201d kata Sunderlin.<\/p>\n

\u201cMereka mulai mengurangi ketidakamanan tenurial di lokasi projek, dan memobilisasi sumber daya penting untuk mengatasi masalah ini.\u201d<\/p>\n

Tindakan umum yang dilakukan termasuk mengatasi penyebab konflik, mendemarkasi desa dan batas hutan melalui pemetaan, mengembangkan rencana spasial penggunaan lahan, mengidentifikasi hak legal pemilik dan mendaftarkan bangunan.<\/p>\n

Pendekatan lain bergantung pada konteks spesifik. Di Tanzania, sebagian pendukung bekerja untuk mendapatkan sertifikat lahan desa untuk memperkuat dasar hukum bagi pengelolaan hutan berbasis masyarakat. Sebuah projek di Indonesia membuat petisi bagi pemerintah atas status hutan desa, yang memberi status hak lebih kuat serta membentengi klaim dari pihak luar.<\/p>\n

Perjuangan semakin berat<\/b><\/p>\n

Apapun kemajuan mereka, tidak ada proponen berpikir bahwa pekerjaan mereka tuntas.<\/p>\n

\u201cPada sebagian projek timbul optimisme bahwa ketidakamanan tenurial berada dalam perjalanan menuju penyelesaian,\u201d kata Sunderlin. \u201c Tetapi yang lain melihat beragam tantangan masih harus diatasi.\u201d<\/p>\n

Dan mereka benar, kata penulis, khususnya karena proponen bertindak dengan inisiatif sendiri dan hanya dengan sedikit bantuan eksternal.<\/p>\n

\u201cSebagian besar proponen mengalami ketidaksesuaian antara pendekatan yang diterapkan dengan besarnya tantangan kepemilikan,\u201d kata Sunderlin.<\/p>\n

\u201cResep terbaik dalam banyak kasus tidak bisa dengan upaya klarifikasi tenurial sedikit demi sedikit dalam lingkup projek, tetapi membutuhkan penyelesaian besar, reformasi bentang-alam luas.\u201d<\/p>\n

Hal ini akan membutuhkan aksi segera dari pemerintah nasional dan upaya integrasi lebih baik tingkat nasional dan lokal, tegas penulis.<\/p>\n

Donor juga dapat mendukung upaya dengan mengkhususkan alokasi dana untuk isu tenurial.<\/p>\n

Daftar rekomendasi pekerjaan rumah menjadi panjang dan berat: pemerintah antara lain harus meningkatkan konsultasi, mengklarifikasi klaim lahan, menyediakan data terpublikasi, menegakkan hukum dan mencapai kejelasan hak karbon.<\/p>\n

Bagi proponen, keluasan masalah sebenarnya dan kesesuaian solusi tidak akan terungkap hingga REDD+ sudah dijalankan.<\/p>\n

\u201cProponen disarankan untuk mengantisipasi kerumitan lebih jauh yang bisa muncul ketika REDD+ diperkenalkan dalam skala lebih luas,\u201d kata Sunderlin.<\/p>\n

\u201cMereka bisa mulai dari asumsi bahwa, di banyak kasus, REDD+ akan diterapkan pada potensi titik api dimana perselisihan dan lemahnya kejelasan kepemilikan adalah hal biasa.\u201d<\/p>\n

Studi ini bagian dari Studi Komparatif Global CIFOR mengenai REDD+ dan dilakukan sebagai bagian dari CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry<\/i><\/a>. Studi ini didukung oleh AusAid, Departemen Pembangunan Internasional Inggris (DFID) dan Badan Kerjasama Pembangunan Norwegia (NORAD).<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

BOGOR, Indonesia (3 Juni 2013) \u2013 Konflik lahan antara perusahaan minyak sawit dan masyarakat di Indonesia. Penghuni liar tanpa dokumen hak lahan di Brasil. Pemimpin lokal mengeksploitasi praktik tradisional untuk mengeruk keuntungan di Tanzania. Masuknya perambahan ke taman nasional oleh perusahaan agro-industri di Kamerun. Ketidakjelasan hak atas karbon di Vietnam. Hal-hal tersebut hanya sebagian dari […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":89,"featured_media":16864,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,13,151],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12231,12260,12222,12269,12267],"tag-bahasa":[2516,2670,2590,2564,2819,2952,2947],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[965],"class_list":["post-16863","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-governance","category-redd-2","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-brazil","location-cameroon-africa","location-indonesia","location-tanzania","location-vietnam","tag-bahasa-kehutanan-masyarakat","tag-bahasa-kepemilikan-dan-hak-atas-lahan","tag-bahasa-masyarakat-lokal","tag-bahasa-pemerintahan","tag-bahasa-redd","tag-bahasa-studi-komparatif-global-redd","tag-bahasa-william-sunderlin","type-bahasa-berita"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPerjuangan projek REDD+ meninggi pada pertarungan tenurial \u2013 studi - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/16863\/perjuangan-projek-redd-meninggi-pada-pertarungan-tenurial-studi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Perjuangan projek REDD+ meninggi pada pertarungan tenurial \u2013 studi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"BOGOR, Indonesia (3 Juni 2013) \u2013 Konflik lahan antara perusahaan minyak sawit dan masyarakat di Indonesia. Penghuni liar tanpa dokumen hak lahan di Brasil. Pemimpin lokal mengeksploitasi praktik tradisional untuk mengeruk keuntungan di Tanzania. Masuknya perambahan ke taman nasional oleh perusahaan agro-industri di Kamerun. Ketidakjelasan hak atas karbon di Vietnam. 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