{"id":163032,"date":"2026-08-24T06:03:00","date_gmt":"2026-08-23T23:03:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/163032\/tree-kangaroo-conservation-papua-new-guinea"},"modified":"2026-09-05T04:21:41","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T21:21:41","slug":"konservasi-kangguru-pohon-papua-nugini","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/163032\/konservasi-kangguru-pohon-papua-nugini","title":{"rendered":"Kanguru pemanjat pohon"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Di antara lumut kerak cokelat keemasan yang menyelimuti kanopi hutan awan Papua Nugini, sesuatu bergerak. Bulu cokelat kekuningannya nyaris menyatu dengan pepohonan, membuatnya sulit terlihat. Tak lama, wajah pucat berbulu lebat muncul di antara dahan. Dari kantong di perut induknya, muncul pula wajah mungil lebih kecil, lebih terang, dan lebih berbulu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sekilas, hewan ini mungkin tampak seperti kuskus. Keduanya memang masih berkerabat. Namun, siapa sangka, hewan berbulu lebat ini justru berasal dari keluarga yang identik dengan gurun Australia, hamparan pasir merah, lompatan tinggi, dan tendangan kuat. Ya, hewan ini adalah sejenis kanguru. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Menariknya, nenek moyang semua kanguru dahulu hidup di pepohonan. Sekitar 15 juta tahun lalu, ketika Australia mulai mengering dan tutupan hutannya semakin menyusut, hewan-hewan ini beradaptasi dengan kehidupan di daratan yang kering\u2014termasuk dengan melompat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jutaan tahun kemudian, hutan di kawasan tersebut kembali meluas. Sebagian kanguru pun kembali ke pepohonan. Para ahli biologi meyakini bahwa kanguru-kanguru ini kemudian mengisi relung ekologis yang kini ditempati monyet di berbagai hutan tropis lainnya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saat ini, 14 spesies kanguru pohon telah berhasil diidentifikasi<\/a>\u2014sebagian besar hidup di Pulau Papua, sementara dua spesies lainnya ditemukan di timur laut Australia. Satwa berkantung yang hidup di pepohonan ini sulit dijumpai. Sebagian besar hidupnya dihabiskan di kanopi hutan hujan, termasuk di sejumlah hutan yang paling sulit dijangkau dan paling sedikit diteliti di dunia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Akibatnya, masih banyak hal yang belum diketahui tentang kanguru pohon, termasuk ukuran populasinya dan seberapa terancam keberadaannya. Salah satu contohnya adalah kanguru pohon Wondiwoi (Dendrolagus mayri<\/em>), yang keberadaannya baru terkonfirmasi dua kali\u2014dengan jeda hingga 90 tahun di antara kedua penemuan tersebut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sejak 2023, keberadaan satwa yang masih penuh misteri ini diperingati melalui Hari Internasional <\/a>Kanguru Pohon setiap 21 Mei. Namun, perlu diingat apakah perhatian yang semakin besar terhadap satwa ini akan membantu menjaga populasinya sekaligus melindungi hutan yang menjadi habitatnya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Hutan berawan di YUS, Papua Nugini, dengan kabut yang menyelimuti pegunungan berhutan dan air terjun. Foto: Ryan Hawk \/ Woodland Park Zoo.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Berinvestasi pada keanekaragaman hayati<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kelucuan satwa ini tentu bisa menjadi salah satu daya tarik yang menguntungkan bagi upaya pelestariannya. Ahli zoologi Lisa Dabek pertama kali bertemu dengan kanguru pohon di Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle, lebih dari 35 tahun lalu. Sejak saat itu, ia langsung terpikat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBegitu Anda mengenal mereka, Anda tidak akan bisa berpaling,\u201d ujarnya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lisa tidak sedang melebih-lebihkan. Meneliti dan melindungi satwa ini telah menjadi bagian penting dari perjalanan hidupnya. Setelah menyelesaikan disertasi doktoralnya tentang biologi reproduksi dan perilaku kanguru pohon, ia pergi ke Semenanjung Huon di timur laut Papua Nugini untuk meneliti status konservasi salah satu spesies endemik di kawasan tersebut, yaitu kanguru pohon Matschie (Dendrolagus matschiei<\/em>). Satwa yang sulit ditemukan ini dikenal oleh masyarakat setempat sebagai \u201chantu hutan\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"Two
Dua kanguru pohon Matschie di dalam hutan. Foto: TKCP.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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\"A
Seekor kanguru pohon Matschie bergerak di antara pepohonan di kawasan konservasi YUS, Papua Nugini. Foto: Daniel Solomon Okena \/ TKCP.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Dabek mewawancarai masyarakat setempat yang memburu kanguru pohon untuk dikonsumsi dan diambil bulunya. Mereka mengatakan bahwa populasinya tampak terus menurun. Satwa ini semakin jarang ditemukan dan kini lebih sering dijumpai jauh dari permukiman dibandingkan sebelumnya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cSejak awal, penelitian ini berkembang menjadi sebuah pertanyaan: bagaimana masyarakat setempat dapat memanfaatkan satwa ini sebagai sumber daya secara berkelanjutan?\u201d ujarnya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bersama masyarakat, Dabek kemudian mulai menggagas ide untuk menyisihkan sebagian kawasan sebagai \u201cbank satwa liar\u201d\u2014tempat kanguru pohon dapat berkembang biak dengan aman, sebelum anak-anaknya menyebar ke wilayah lain. Bagi para tetua masyarakat, gagasan tersebut bukanlah sesuatu yang baru. Sebelum para misionaris datang ke wilayah tersebut, masyarakat memiliki tempat-tempat sakral yang disebut \u2018tambu\u2019, yang tidak boleh didatangi atau dimasuki oleh sembarang orang. \u201cNamun, ketika mereka mulai memeluk agama yang dibawa para misionaris, mereka diminta meninggalkan praktik-praktik tersebut,\u201d kata Dabek. \u201cMenurut saya, sejak saat itulah perburuan secara besar-besaran mulai terjadi.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sepuluh tahun dan berbagai diskusi setelahnya, masyarakat di Semenanjung Huon berhasil membentuk kawasan konservasi pertama di Papua Nugini. Kawasan yang dikenal sebagai YUS ini dinamai berdasarkan tiga sungai\u2014Yopno, Uruwa, dan Som\u2014yang mengalir melintasi wilayah tersebut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Masyarakat menetapkan sejumlah kawasan sebagai zona larangan berburu dan melarang kegiatan ekstraktif berskala besar, seperti pembalakan hutan industri dan pertambangan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sementara itu, Tree Kangaroo Conservation Program (TKCP)<\/a>, yang mendukung upaya konservasi di YUS, membantu menarik pendanaan untuk memberikan berbagai manfaat sosial bagi masyarakat setempat, termasuk layanan kesehatan dan peluang mata pencaharian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Masyarakat melihat bahwa keberadaan kanguru pohonlah yang membuat orang-orang tertarik untuk membantu melindungi satwa ini,\u201d kata Modi Pontio, Direktur Eksekutif TKCP. \u201cKarena itu, mereka kini jauh lebih enggan memburu kanguru pohon dibandingkan sebelumnya.\u201d Upaya tersebut mulai menunjukkan dampak terhadap populasi. Para pemburu kini lebih sering menjumpai kanguru pohon di dekat permukiman, sementara pemantauan ekologi juga menunjukkan adanya tanda-tanda peningkatan jumlah populasinya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Sebuah desa di Kawasan Konservasi YUS, Papua Nugini. Foto: Ryan Hawk \/ Woodland Park Zoo.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Dari perut ke upaya konservasi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Beberapa ratus kilometer ke arah barat daya, masyarakat di Kawasan Konservasi Managalas (MCA) masih mencari cara terbaik untuk menjaga populasi kanguru pohon di wilayah mereka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kawasan ini menjadi habitat setidaknya dua spesies kanguru pohon. Salah satunya adalah kanguru pohon Doria (Dendrolagus dorianus<\/em>), yang berstatus Rentan (Vulnerable) dalam Daftar Merah IUCN. Sementara itu, kanguru pohon Goodfellow (Dendrolagus goodfellowi<\/em>) berstatus Terancam Punah (Endangered).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Kanguru pohon Goodfellow (Dendrolagus goodfellowi<\/em>) di Healesville Sanctuary, Australia. Foto: Amie Hindson \/ Healesville Sanctuary.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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\"A
Seekor kanguru pohon di pasar desa di Managalas. Foto: Delie Sariusa.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Menemukan kanguru pohon di alam liar bukan perkara mudah, terutama karena populasi mamalia di sekitar sebagian besar desa di MCA relatif rendah akibat tingginya tekanan perburuan. Namun, keberadaan kanguru pohon Doria berhasil terekam melalui kamera jebak<\/a> baru yang dipasang di MCA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cKami sering melihatnya di desa-desa dan pasar sebagai hasil perburuan,\u201d kata Will Unsworth, Manajer Program Papua Nugini<\/a> di Landscape Alliance<\/a>, yang mendukung MCA melalui pendanaan dari Uni Eropa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"A
Seekor kanguru pohon yang terekam kamera jebak di Kawasan Konservasi YUS, Papua Nugini. Foto: Thomas Luypaert.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Di seluruh Dataran Tinggi Managalas, masih terdapat sejumlah tempat tambu<\/em> yang tidak boleh dimasuki atau digunakan untuk kegiatan apa pun, termasuk berburu. Namun, tekanan perburuan di wilayah lainnya cukup tinggi, seiring dengan pertumbuhan penduduk yang sebagian besar masih kekurangan asupan protein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karena itu, upaya konservasi kini juga mencakup penyediaan sumber protein dan mata pencaharian alternatif melalui peternakan ayam dan babi serta budidaya ikan. Seperti dikatakan Pontio, \u201cJika masyarakat ingin berhenti mengonsumsi kanguru pohon karena menyadari pentingnya menjaga satwa ini, kita juga perlu menyediakan sumber pangan alternatif.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n
biodiversity<\/a>, <\/span>cloud forests<\/a>, <\/span>Community conservation<\/a>, <\/span>endangered species<\/a>, <\/span>livelihoods<\/a>, <\/span>Managalas Conservation Area<\/a>, <\/span>Papua New Guinea<\/a>, <\/span>rainforests<\/a>, <\/span>Tree kangaroo conservation<\/a>, <\/span>tree kangaroos<\/a>, <\/span>Wildlife conservation<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kanguru pohon merupakan salah satu mamalia yang paling sulit ditemukan di Papua Nugini. Masyarakat setempat kini mencari cara untuk melindunginya sekaligus memenuhi kebutuhan pangan dan mata pencaharian yang selama ini mendorong perburuan.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":264,"featured_media":162777,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[12114,12105,12052],"tags":[12130,13497,12638,13498,12598,12640,12641,13499,13500,13501,12983],"language":[2171],"location":[12251,12340],"tag-bahasa":[2489,11958,2741],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[2431],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[7144],"class_list":["post-163032","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news-id","category-hutan-masyarakat","category-pengelolaan-restorasi-hutan","tag-biodiversity-id","tag-cloud-forests","tag-community-conservation","tag-endangered-species","tag-livelihoods","tag-managalas-conservation-area","tag-papua-new-guinea","tag-rainforests","tag-tree-kangaroo-conservation","tag-tree-kangaroos","tag-wildlife-conservation","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-asia-pacific","location-papua-new-guinea","tag-bahasa-keanekaragaman-hayati","tag-bahasa-managalas","tag-bahasa-papua-nugini","type-english-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nKonservasi 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