{"id":16067,"date":"2013-05-17T16:52:12","date_gmt":"2013-05-17T09:52:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=16067"},"modified":"2015-10-27T16:58:11","modified_gmt":"2015-10-27T09:58:11","slug":"dibalik-penyimpanan-karbon-hutan-lembah-kongo-sebagai-pembuat-hujan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/16067\/dibalik-penyimpanan-karbon-hutan-lembah-kongo-sebagai-pembuat-hujan","title":{"rendered":"Dibalik penyimpanan karbon: Hutan lembah Kongo sebagai pembuat hujan"},"content":{"rendered":"

Respon terhadap perubahan iklim terkelompokan menjadi dua kategori utama: mitigasi (mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca penyebab perubahan iklim) dan adaptasi (penyelarasan kehidupan dan gaya hidup akibat perubahan iklim). Diantara strategi-strategi adaptasi, adaptasi berbasiskan ekosistem (ecosystem-based adaptation<\/em>\/EBA) merupakan sebuah pendekatan yang mempromosikan cara-cara menggunakan sumber daya alam dan keanekaragaman hayati yang mengembangkan strategi adaptasi bagi kelompok-kelompok rentan. Dalam konteks ini, studi terbaru menyoroti peran hutan Lembah Kongo dalam menghasilkan hujan, baik secara regional maupun di tingkat benua secara keseluruhan.<\/p>\n

Hujan dalam suatu ekosistem berasal dari tiga sumber utama: kelembaban yang sudah ada di atmosfer, kelembaban yang berasal dari luar wilayah, dan evapotranspirasidari permukaan ekosistem hutan dan lahan. Pokam dkk<\/a>. mempelajari bagaimana iklim Lembah Kongo merupakan hasil utama kelembaban yang berasal dari Samudra Atlantik dan proses daur evapotranspirasi. Penelitian sebelumnya<\/a> mengungkapkan bahwa hutan tropis seperti Lembah Kongo mampu menguapkan 1 sampai 2 meter air per tahun. Lebih lagi, penelitian oleh Makarieva dkk<\/a>. menunjukkan bahwa tutupan hutan di wilayah tersebut berfungsi seperti pompa yang menggerakan kelembaban laut menuju daratan dan akhirnya menjadi hujan di wilayah itu.<\/p>\n

Mengingat peran hutan sebagai pembuat hujan ini, Nogherotto dkk<\/a>. mengeksplorasi dampak penggundulan hutan di Lembah Kongo pada siklus hidrologi regional, termasuk efeknya terhadap musim hujan di Afrika. Mereka memodelkan skenario dimana wilayah hutan Lembah Kongo disandingkan dengan wilayah yang terdeforestasi (yakni dengan memodelkan sebuah situasi dimana tutupan hutan ditransformasikan menjadi tutupan rumput). Temuan mereka mengindikasikan bahwa wilayah Lembah Kongo yang terdeforestasi menyebabkan modifikasi pada pola hujan di wilayah Sahel dan wilayah khatulistiwa paling selatan Afrika.<\/p>\n

Secara keseluruhan, ketiga studi menunjukkan bagaimana hutan Lembah Kongo berfungsi sebagai mekanisme pemompa air dari Samudera Atlantik, sumber bawah tanah dan tanah. Sumber-sumber tersebut lalu bercampur dengan air di atmosfer, mengarah pada terbentuknya hujan baik skala lokal maupun bagian benua. Tanpa adanya hutan yang luas di Lembah Kongo, proses ini akan sangat terganggu. Selain itu, studi ini membantu menyoroti fungsi penting lainnya dari hutan Lembah Kongo, misalnya, konservasi keanekaragaman hayati dan mitigasi perubahan iklim.<\/p>\n

Dengan berkembangnya bukti-bukti ilmiah mengenai peran jamak dari hutan Lembah Kongo di lingkup regional, kontinental dan global, maka konservasi hutan untuk tujuan pengelolaan hutan yang baik serta untuk mengundang aliran pendapatan yang mendukung peran jamak hutan menjadi semakin kuat. Mengingat peran hutan sebagai pembuat hujan, maka mempertahankan hutan Lembah Kongo merupakan salah satu dasar bagi EBA perihal perubahan iklim di banyak Afrika.<\/p>\n

Denis Sonwa adalah salah satu ilmuwan CIFOR bergabung dalam program Hutan dan Lingkungan Hidup. Denis dapat dihubungi di d.sonwa@cgiar.org<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Respon terhadap perubahan iklim terkelompokan menjadi dua kategori utama: mitigasi (mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca penyebab perubahan iklim) dan adaptasi (penyelarasan kehidupan dan gaya hidup akibat perubahan iklim). Diantara strategi-strategi adaptasi, adaptasi berbasiskan ekosistem (ecosystem-based adaptation\/EBA) merupakan sebuah pendekatan yang mempromosikan cara-cara menggunakan sumber daya alam dan keanekaragaman hayati yang mengembangkan strategi adaptasi bagi kelompok-kelompok […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":87,"featured_media":36737,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,180],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12219],"tag-bahasa":[2476,2533,2708,2522,2895,2640,2604,2745],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3087],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[873],"class_list":["post-16067","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-mitigating-climate-change","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-congo-basin","tag-bahasa-adaptasi","tag-bahasa-adaptasi-berbasiskan-ekosistem","tag-bahasa-cekungan-kongo","tag-bahasa-deforestasi","tag-bahasa-denis-sonwa","tag-bahasa-hujan","tag-bahasa-mitigasi","tag-bahasa-sahel","type-bahasa-analisis"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDibalik penyimpanan karbon: Hutan lembah Kongo sebagai pembuat hujan - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/16067\/dibalik-penyimpanan-karbon-hutan-lembah-kongo-sebagai-pembuat-hujan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Dibalik penyimpanan karbon: Hutan lembah Kongo sebagai pembuat hujan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Respon terhadap perubahan iklim terkelompokan menjadi dua kategori utama: mitigasi (mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca penyebab perubahan iklim) dan adaptasi (penyelarasan kehidupan dan gaya hidup akibat perubahan iklim). 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