{"id":156537,"date":"2026-02-04T04:09:00","date_gmt":"2026-02-03T21:09:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/156537\/managalas-coffee-papua-new-guinea-livelihoods"},"modified":"2026-03-09T10:36:38","modified_gmt":"2026-03-09T03:36:38","slug":"managalas-kopi-papua-nugini-pencaharain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/156537\/managalas-kopi-papua-nugini-pencaharain","title":{"rendered":"Menggalang harapan: Dapatkah kopi membangkitkan Managalas?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n

Dini hari di Desa Joivi di Dataran Tinggi Managalas, sebuah benda perak kecil menarik perhatian banyak orang. Tim dari  Center for International Forestry Research and World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF)<\/a> membawa sebuah mesin espresso portabel dari kota dataran rendah Popondetta, melalui perjalanan panjang, bergelombang, dan mengguncang tulang ke pegunungan. Dibantu masyarakat setempat disertai rasa penasaran yang besar, api dari ranting di bawah panci dihidupkan hingga menghasilkan aliran tipis kopi pahit dan harum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Penduduk setempat menonton dan terhibur. Kopi bukanlah minuman yang populer di desa-desa, dan para peminum kopi biasanya memilih Nescafe Three-in-One, campuran manis dari gula sakarin, kopi instan, dan bubuk susu. Namun, kata “kopi” teranyam dengan garis-garis hitam di dinding pandan rumah di belakang kami, dan tanaman kopi tumbuh subur di seluruh desa dan ladang mereka. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selama bergenerasi-generasi, kopi telah dikaitkan dengan kemakmuran di Papua Nugini<\/a> (PNG). Diperkenalkan pada tahun 1890-an dan ditanam secara komersial sejak tahun 1920-an, kopi kini menjadi komoditas ekspor pertanian terbesar kedua negara tersebut dan sumber devisa terbesar. Dengan produksi sekitar 50.000 ton metrik per tahun, PNG menyumbang sekitar satu persen dari produksi global.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Rekaman drone menampilkan sebuah desa dan lahan pertanian di sekitarnya di Dataran Tinggi Managalas, Provinsi Oro, Papua Nugini, tempat pertanian skala kecil menjadi penopang utama mata pencaharian masyarakat setempat.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Berbeda dengan banyak negara penghasil kopi, sektor kopi di PNG tidak berbasis perkebunan. Kopi ditanam utamanya oleh petani skala kecil, dibudidayakan di ‘kebun kopi’, biasanya berupa ladang kecil di tengah hutan, ditaman secara tumpang sari bersama tanaman pangan untuk kebutuhan sehari-hari. Hal ini membuat kopi menjadi sumber penghasilan yang mudah diakses: kopi menopang mata pencaharian sekitar 2,5 juta warga Papua Nugini, atau sekitar 21 persen dari populasi negara tersebut. Sektor ini juga relatif ramah lingkungan, ditanam dalam skala kecil dengan sedikit input dan memanfaatkan pendekatan agroforestri yang beragam\u2014termasuk ditanam di bawah naungan pohon bertajuk lebar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Baca juga<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Polong yang menjanjikan: Bisakah vanili membawa pembangunan berkelanjutan ke Dataran Tinggi Managalas di Papua Nugini?<\/a><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Di Dataran Tinggi Managalas, di mana CIFOR-ICRAF mendukung organisasi masyarakat untuk mengembangkan rencana pengelolaan untuk Kawasan Konservasi Managalas<\/a> (MCA) yang baru, kopi telah ditanam sejak tahun 1970-an. Tanaman ini sangat cocok dengan curah hujan yang tinggi, ketinggian yang moderat, dan tanah vulkanik yang subur di dataran tinggi tersebut. Selama puluhan tahun, produksi kopi berjalan lancar dan menguntungkan, dengan ekspor mencapai 900 ton biji kopi per tahun pada pertengahan 1990-an. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Walau demikian, saat ini perjalanan biji kopi ke tangan pembeli berkualitas adalah tantangan besar. Jalan menuju Dataran Tinggi sangat terjal, angkutan umum tidak teratur, tidak dapat diandalkan, dan mahal. Pada akhir 1990-an dan awal 2000-an, harga internasional yang menguntungkan serta subsidi angkutan barang sempat membuat produksi kopi menjadi layak bagi koperasi lokal. Ketika harga turun dan subsidi menghilang, peluang tersebut pun tertutup.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"Workers
Workers repair a damaged bridge on the only road connecting the Managalas Plateau to lowland markets. Photo by Monica Evans \/ CIFOR-ICRAF<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Baca juga<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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<\/a>Daya tarik kisah lama bagi para pendaki baru di Gunung Hantu Papua Nugini<\/a><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u201cMenanam kopi bukanlah pekerjaan yang mudah,\u201d kata Reckson Kajiaki, seorang pemuka komunitas lokal. \u201cTapi ketika pembeli datang dengan harga dua kina [USD 0,50 per kilogram], tidak ada pilihan selain menjual. Semua kerja keras menjadi sia-sia \u2014 kami menghabiskan lebih banyak waktu dan mendapatkan penghasilan yang semakin sedikit. Ini tidak cukup dapat diandalkan.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perubahan nasional dan internasional tersebut terukir dalam bentang alam. Pohon kopi yang bercabang-cabang, ditumbuhi lumut, tidak dipangkas, dan semakin tidak produktif menyebar di sepanjang tepi jalan dan sekitar desa-desa. Dalam banyak kasus, petani tidak lagi merasa perlu merawat atau memanennya. Spesies invasif memperparah masalah, termasuk semak firespike<\/em> yang rakus (Odontonema tubaeforme) dan spesies semut api yang agresif dan menyengat, yang semakin menghambat budidaya. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Buah ceri kopi matang di sebuah ranting di Papua Nugini, tempat para petani kecil mendominasi produksi. Foto oleh Rita Willaert \/ Flickr.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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\"Coffee
Pohon kopi tumbuh di antara tanaman pangan di Dataran Tinggi Managalas, tempat kopi dibudidayakan di kebun-kebun milik petani kecil. Foto oleh Monica Evans \/ CIFOR-ICRAF.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Dalam konteks yang suram tersebut, kualitas dan harga kopi di Managalas saling memengaruhi dalam “siklus penurunan yang merugikan,” kata Manajer Program PNG CIFOR-ICRAF, Will Unsworth. Ketika harga rendah, petani mengurangi investasi untuk budidaya, memanen secara tidak tepat (merontokkan pohon daripada memilih biji yang matang sempurna), dan terkadang bahkan menambahkan batu dan biji kopi lama untuk meningkatkan berat jual. Tindakan ini menghasilkan kopi berkualitas rendah, yang kemudian membuat pembeli berkualitas menjauh, dan menarik pembeli pinggir jalan yang membayar harga lebih rendah lagi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBanyak petani kini semakin tua dan secara fisik tidak mampu mengelola kebun mereka,\u201d kata Unsworth. \u201cKondisi lahan memburuk, akses semakin sulit, dan praktik panen terganggu. Generasi muda melihat orang tua mereka kesulitan dan memilih tidak masuk ke sektor ini. Lahan dibiarkan terbengkalai, pengangguran meningkat, dan sebagian pemuda beralih ke kegiatan kriminal untuk mencari penghasilan dan tujuan hidup.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Namun pasar mungkin kembali mengalami perubahan. Menurut bank nasional Kina Bank, harga kopi di Papua Nugini naik 70 persen<\/strong> pada 2024 dan meningkat lagi 18 persen<\/strong> pada kuartal pertama 2025. Jika para petani di Managalas dapat membangun kembali reputasi kualitas mereka\u2014dan terhubung dengan pembeli yang bersedia membayar\u2014kopi bisa kembali menjadi mata pencaharian yang layak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Baca juga<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Saat \u2018lapangan\u2019 adalah hutan: Kompleksnya pengumpulan data di Dataran Tinggi Managalas<\/a><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Hal itu memerlukan upaya kolektif dan pengendalian kualitas yang konsisten, kata Unsworth, dimulai dengan pemeriksaan antar sesama petani yang nantinya dapat diperluas. Timnya telah mulai memetakan lahan kopi, kakao, dan vanila di seluruh dataran tinggi \u2014 tugas yang menantang di bentang alam yang luas di mana masyarakat masih belum sepenuhnya percaya pada kegiatan pengumpulan data. Namun, memahami apa yang ditanam di mana sangat penting untuk perencanaan infrastruktur, keterlibatan pembeli, dan rantai nilai yang berfungsi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hal ini juga semakin mendesak seiring dengan berlakunya peraturan baru. Peraturan Uni Eropa tentang Deforestasi (EUDR) akan mewajibkan pemantauan dan pelaporan yang lebih ketat terkait perubahan penggunaan lahan, sehingga menaikkan standar untuk pelacakan dan kepatuhan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Transportasi tetap menjadi hambatan terbesar. Meningkatkan akses jalan, mendirikan depot pengumpulan yang aman, dan memperkuat struktur kerja sama untuk mencapai skala ekonomi merupakan prioritas utama untuk tahun mendatang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOrang-orang menginginkan mata pencaharian,\u201d kata Malchus Kajia, ketua Yayasan Konservasi Managalas. \u201cDan itu termasuk segala upaya yang diperlukan untuk memanen hasil pertanian.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, hubungi Will Unsworth, Papua New Guinea programme manager<\/a>: w.unsworth@cifor-icraf.org<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dini hari di Desa Joivi di Dataran Tinggi Managalas, sebuah benda perak kecil menarik perhatian banyak orang. Tim dari  Center for International Forestry Research and World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF) membawa sebuah mesin espresso portabel dari kota dataran rendah Popondetta, melalui perjalanan panjang, bergelombang, dan mengguncang tulang ke pegunungan. Dibantu masyarakat setempat disertai rasa penasaran yang besar, api […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":264,"featured_media":155883,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[12114,12065,12052],"tags":[12640,12610,12641,12653],"language":[2171],"location":[12251,12340],"tag-bahasa":[2514,11958,2741],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[2431],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[7144],"class_list":["post-156537","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news-id","category-makanan-diet","category-pengelolaan-restorasi-hutan","tag-managalas-conservation-area","tag-managalas-plateau","tag-papua-new-guinea","tag-supply-chain","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-asia-pacific","location-papua-new-guinea","tag-bahasa-kopi","tag-bahasa-managalas","tag-bahasa-papua-nugini","type-english-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMenggalang harapan: Dapatkah kopi membangkitkan Managalas? - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Di Dataran Tinggi Managalas, Papua Nugini, kopi pernah membawa kesejahteraan. 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