{"id":14043,"date":"2013-02-25T05:09:38","date_gmt":"2013-02-25T05:09:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=14043"},"modified":"2015-10-28T15:58:13","modified_gmt":"2015-10-28T08:58:13","slug":"kehilangan-karbon-studi-baru-mempertanyakan-keberlanjutan-bahan-bakar-nabati-di-lahan-kering","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/14043\/kehilangan-karbon-studi-baru-mempertanyakan-keberlanjutan-bahan-bakar-nabati-di-lahan-kering","title":{"rendered":"Hilangnya karbon: Riset baru bertanya akan kelanjutan bahan bakar nabati di lahan kering"},"content":{"rendered":"

BOGOR, Indonesia (25 Februari 2013)_Besarnya jumlah karbon yang dilepaskan ke atmosfer ketika lahan kering dan semi kering dikonversikan untuk produksi minyak jarak mungkin melebihi manfaat lingkungan dari bahan bakar nabati tersebut, menurut sebuah laporan terbaru.<\/p>\n

Temuan ini bertolak belakang dengan keyakinan populer.<\/p>\n

Ketika dunia berjuang untuk menemukan cara-cara menurunkan emisi gas rumah kaca dalam rangka mitigasi perubahan iklim, banyak negara yang berpaling kepada bahan bakar nabati yaitu \u2018pembakaran bersih (ramah lingkungan)\u2019, sebagai pilihan energi terbarukan.<\/p>\n

Tanaman penghasil bahan bakar nabati yang dibudidayakan di lanskap semi kering diyakini lebih menarik dibanding yang terdapat di kawasan subur dan lembab karena dapat diproduksi secara berkelanjutan, dengan hanya sedikit ancaman terhadap produksi tanaman pangan serta lebih baik bagi konservasi ekosistem.<\/p>\n

Namun menurut Wouter Achten, peneliti utama dan peneliti dari universitas Leuven, Belgia tentang Global greenhouse gas implications of land conversion to biofuel crop cultivation in arid and semi-arid lands \u2013 lessons learned from Jatropha<\/a> (Implikasi<\/i> global gas rumah kaca dari konversi lahan untuk budidaya tanaman biofuel di lahan kering dan semi kering – pelajaran dari Jatropha<\/i>) menyatakan, hal ini mungkin bukan solusi yang terlanjur diharapkan oleh banyak pihak.<\/p>\n

Jarak sudah dipromosikan sebagai salah satu tanaman penghasil bahan bakar nabati yang terbaik untuk lahan kering, dengan keunggulan banyaknya biji minyak yang dihasilkan. Tanaman ini juga terbukti tahan terhadap kekeringan dan hama.<\/p>\n

Namun, membudidayakannya dengan cara yang menguntungkan bagi lingkungan ternyata sulit, kata Achten.<\/p>\n

Di beberapa daerah, kemungkinan hasil minyak jarak tidak cukup untuk menjadi pembenaran akan emisi yang dihasilkan saat berlangsungnya proses dan dari pengunaan bahan bakar transportasi.<\/p>\n

Minyak jarak misalnya, untuk membayar hutang karbon<\/a> akibat konversi lahan kering, perlu 30 tahun dan 9-14 ton biji per hektar per tahun di lahan kering dan semi. Hanya setelah periode ini, pengurangan emisi bersih dapat dicapai lewat penggunaan bahan bakar yang diproduksi, terang Achten.<\/p>\n

Di beberapa daerah, kemungkinan hasil minyak jarak tidak cukup untuk menjadi pembenaran akan emisi yang dihasilkan saat berlangsungnya proses dan dari pengunaan bahan bakar transportasi.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Cadangan karbon di lahan kering terbukti rendah \u2013 berkisar antara 2-136 ton per hektar (dibandingkan sekitar 260 ton karbon per hektar di hutan hujan tropis Indonesia).<\/p>\n

\u201cNamun, kita juga harus mempertimbangkan besarnya karbon yang dilepaskan akibat pembersihan dan pengolahan tanah ketika lahan dikonversikan untuk areal budidaya,\u201d lanjut Achten.<\/p>\n

Untuk beberapa tipe lahan, semisal lahan yang sudah ditanami dan dikelola, hutang karbon mungkin tidak terlalu signifikan. Namun, konversi dari lahan jenis ini menjadi penggunaan lain dapat memicu dampak tidak langsung (seperti tanaman pangan direlokasi ke lahan lain), yang seringkali menyebabkan munculnya tambahan emisi karbon di tempat lain.<\/p>\n

Dengan demikian, tanaman penghasil bahan bakar nabati yang terbukti memiliki kemampuan untuk memperlambat perubahan iklim seharusnya tidak dibudidayakan di lahan yang awalnya telah kehilangan karbon dalam jumlah besar, karena akan membutuhkan waktu sangat lama bagi budidaya dan pembentukan cadangan karbon untuk menggantikan kehilangan tersebut, menurut Achten.<\/p>\n

\u201cSaya tidak menyatakan bahwa produksi atau pengembangan bahan bakar nabati di lahan ini harus dihentikan,\u201d katanya, menggarisbawahi fokus studinya pada tanaman tunggal.<\/p>\n

\"Biji<\/a>
Biji jarak yang belum kupas sedang dikeringkan sebelum proses ekstraksi minyak. Wouter Achten<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201cTetapi ketika kita bertujuan untuk mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca, potensi lahan seperti ini mungkin terbatas.\u201d<\/p>\n

Kami juga tidak dapat mengabaikan dampak sosio-ekonominya, sehingga \u201cmungkin selanjutnya akan membatasi areal yang tersedia serta cocok untuk produksi bahan bakar nabati yang berkelanjutan.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cAktivitas ini dan yang lainnya, akan berdampak terhadap air, keanekaragaman hayati dan struktur tanah,\u201d lanjut Achten.<\/p>\n

Hal tersebut masih perlu digali lebih dalam, katanya lagi.<\/p>\n

Tantangannya adalah bagaimana cara menemukannya.<\/p>\n

\u201cMenurut saya, keseimbangan bisa dicapai melalui penggunaan areal dengan cadangan karbon yang rendah, misalnya, lahan yang terbengkalai\/tandus dan yang tidak berisiko terhadap perubahan tata guna lahan secara tidak langsung,\u201d katanya lagi.<\/p>\n

\u201cNamun, lahan yang memenuhi \u2018syarat-syarat\u2019 ini sepertinya langka.\u201d<\/p>\n

Tulisan ini adalah bagian dari<\/i> Studi komparatif Global tentang REDD+,<\/a> yang didukung oleh The Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD) dan AusAid.<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

BOGOR, Indonesia (25 Februari 2013)_Besarnya jumlah karbon yang dilepaskan ke atmosfer ketika lahan kering dan semi kering dikonversikan untuk produksi minyak jarak mungkin melebihi manfaat lingkungan dari bahan bakar nabati tersebut, menurut sebuah laporan terbaru. Temuan ini bertolak belakang dengan keyakinan populer. Ketika dunia berjuang untuk menemukan cara-cara menurunkan emisi gas rumah kaca dalam rangka […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":58,"featured_media":36821,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[180,11],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12215],"tag-bahasa":[2490,2503,2500,2541,2528,4866,4865],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[271],"class_list":["post-14043","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mitigating-climate-change","category-mrv-2","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-global","tag-bahasa-bahan-bakar-hayati","tag-bahasa-cadangan-karbon","tag-bahasa-emisi-karbon","tag-bahasa-energi","tag-bahasa-lahan-kering","tag-bahasa-universitas-leuven","tag-bahasa-wouter-achten","type-bahasa-berita"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHilangnya karbon: Riset baru bertanya akan kelanjutan bahan bakar nabati di lahan kering - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/14043\/kehilangan-karbon-studi-baru-mempertanyakan-keberlanjutan-bahan-bakar-nabati-di-lahan-kering\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hilangnya karbon: Riset baru bertanya akan kelanjutan bahan bakar nabati di lahan kering\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"BOGOR, Indonesia (25 Februari 2013)_Besarnya jumlah karbon yang dilepaskan ke atmosfer ketika lahan kering dan semi kering dikonversikan untuk produksi minyak jarak mungkin melebihi manfaat lingkungan dari bahan bakar nabati tersebut, menurut sebuah laporan terbaru. 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