{"id":11402,"date":"2012-11-07T06:21:34","date_gmt":"2012-11-07T06:21:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=11402"},"modified":"2015-10-06T15:15:29","modified_gmt":"2015-10-06T08:15:29","slug":"kehutanan-lestari-a-la-swedia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/11402\/kehutanan-lestari-a-la-swedia","title":{"rendered":"Kehutanan lestari \u00e0 la Swedia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Sustainable Forestry - the Swedish model.mov\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/D0uAIOT66Wo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Dapatkah &#8220;model Swedia&#8221; mengenai pengelolaan hutan lestari menjadi bagian dari solusi untuk kehutanan di bagian-bagian dunia lainnya? Ini merupakan pertanyaan akhir yang diajukan dalam video di atas, yang pertama kali disajikan oleh Swedia di konferensi Rio+20 bulan Juni yang lalu.<\/p>\n<p>Kisah hutan Swedia merentangkan 100 tahun pengembangan kebijakan, sasaran pengelolaan hutan yang beragam dan kerap berubah, dan persepsi para pemangku kepentingan. Ini benar-benar merupakan kisah yang layak untuk diceritakan. Saya juga mengenali asal saya sendiri &#8211; para rimbawan Swedia dibesarkan dengan sudut pandang tertentu tentang bagaimana hutan harus dikelola. Namun, pada titik ini, saya ingin membagikan pemikiran mengenai pesan-pesan dalam video tersebut, karena saya sudah terlibat jauh lebih lama dengan isu-isu kehutanan internasional daripada hal-hal di Swedia.<\/p>\n<p>Pertama, saya menghargai fokus dan pesan utamanya mengenai beragam sasaran dalam kehutanan. Benar, bahwa pada empat menit pertama sepenuhnya adalah mengenai peningkatan produksi kayu dengan memulihkan lansekap hutan yang terdegradasi, dan mengintensifikasikan pengelolaan hutan. Tetapi dalam 20 tahun terakhir, sebagai hasil dari sebuah desakan dari gerakan lingkungan hidup, sebuah kebijakan dan peraturan kehutanan telah dikembangkan (Forest Act 1993) untuk memastikan lingkungan dan produksi hutan menjadi sasaran yang setara. Dalam paruh kedua dari video tersebut, tujuan-tujuan lain juga disoroti- dari rekreasi dan produk-produk non-kayu, sampai berbagai peluang yang disediakan hutan untuk ekonomi berbasis-bio.<\/p>\n<p>Untuk audiens internasional, saya mungkin akan lebih lagi menekankan kepada sasaran yang beragam. Seseorang mendapat kesan bahwa kehutanan Swedia adalah hanya mengenai dua hal &#8211; memaksimalkan produksi kayu lestari dan komersial, dan konservasi keanekaragaman hayati. Debat publik telah menjadi agak terpolarisasi, dan sasaran-sasaran lain &#8211; khususnya sasaran sosio-ekonomi &#8211; telah menjadi kurang menarik. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.naturskyddsforeningen.se\/upload\/skog\/Under%20the%20Cover%20of%20the%20Swedish%20Forestry%20Model_l%C3%A5guppl%C3%B6st.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Sebuah laporan dari LSM terkemuka Swedia <\/a>  mengklaim bahwa model Swedia tersebut telah mengarah pada musnahnya keanekaragaman hayati dalam jumlah cukup berarti, yang diilustrasikan dengan banyak contoh grafik. Namun, laporan tersebut juga mengilustrasikan debat yang terpolarisasi tadi &#8212; tanpa adanya referensi terhadap sasaran-sasaran kehutanan selain produksi kayu dan konservasi keanekaragaman hayati.<\/p>\n<p>Pemikiran saya yang kedua adalah mengenai gambaran pembangunan yang lebih luas, dan orang-orang yang bergantung pada hutan dan lahan. Gambaran dari seratus tahun yang lampau bukan hanya tentang lansekap hutan yang terdegradasi, tetapi juga mengenai petani-petani miskin dan para pekerja hutan yang mencari kehidupan dari lahan. Kisah sukses mengenai peningkatan sumber daya hutan juga merupakan kisah orang-orang pedesaan yang bermigrasi untuk mencari peluang yang lebih baik di kota-kota atau di luar negeri.<\/p>\n<p>Di sepanjang alur ini, sebagian besar dari 300.000 pemangku kepentingan hutan di Swedia tinggal jauh dari hutan mereka dan tidak tergantung secara signifikan pada hutan-hutan tersebut dari sudut pandang ekonomi.   Peralihan semacam itu tampaknya umum dalam ekonomi yang saat ini sedang muncul, dan hal ini dapat menjadi bagian penting dari pemahaman kontemporer mengenai kehutanan dan pembangunan pertanian.<\/p>\n<p>Sebagaimana telah disebutkan, video ini memakai beberapa saat untuk mengilustrasikan konflik antara kehutanan komersial dan pelestarian alam. Satu refleksi ialah sampai sejauh manakah konflik ini serupa dengan, misalnya, perluasan hutan yang ditanam yang kita lihat di berbagai bagian dari dunia tropis pada masa kini?<br \/>\nPastilah banyak keserupaannya. Khususnya pada tahun 1960-an sampai 1980-an, wilayah-wilayah yang sangat luas di Swedia diambil kayunya, tanahnya dibalikkan dan pada lahan monokultur terdapat dari berbagai jenis pepohonan yang tumbuh lebih cepat, kadang-kadang spesies eksotik, ditanam di sana.<\/p>\n<p>Tetapi ada juga berbagai perbedaan. Penataan ekologis dari sebuah hutan Swedia tidak sekaya, misalnya, sebuah hutan hujan tropis. Hutan yang ditanam dengan spesies lokal dapat, pada kondisi boreal dan bila dikelola dengan sewajarnya serta mematuhi berbagai kebijakan yang berlaku, secara relatif mendekati suatu kondisi &#8220;alamiah&#8221;. Meskipun karenanya kita harus sangat berhati-hati dalam membandingkan situasinya dari sudut pandang ekologis, mungkin ada alasan untuk membandingkan catatan mengenai konteks kebijakannya, dan khususnya bagaimana kebijakan yang mendukung banyak sasaran dapat dikembangkan dan diterapkan.<\/p>\n<p>Jadi dapatkah &#8220;model Swedia&#8221; menjadi solusi untuk kehutanan di tempat lain? Model tersebut pastilah dapat menjadi kontribusi untuk perdebatan tadi. Sudut pandang jangka panjang dalam pengembangan kebijakan dan pencakupan secara bertahap dari sasaran yang beragam sangatlah relevan, meskipun saya berpikir juga bahwa &#8220;model Swedia&#8221; dapat memperoleh manfaat dari berbagai pengalaman di tempat-tempat lain. Hal tersebut memberikan sudut pandang historis penting tetapi terlalu banyak tentang pepohonan dan terlalu sedikit tentang orang-orangnya. Sebuah kutipan yang sangat terkenal dari almarhum <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nzjf.org\/free_issues\/NZJF34_2_1989\/CC73E8C4-6EFD-4668-9415-82F61BDFB217.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Jack Westoby<\/a>, penulis <em>The purpose of forests<\/em>, mengatakan bahwa \u201cKehutanan bukanlah tentang pepohonan, tetapi tentang manusia. Dan hal tersebut sejauh ini hanyalah tentang pepohonan yang melayani kebutuhan orang-orang.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Yah, itupun sebuah model!<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dapatkah &#8220;model Swedia&#8221; mengenai pengelolaan hutan lestari menjadi bagian dari solusi untuk kehutanan di bagian-bagian dunia lainnya? Ini merupakan pertanyaan akhir yang diajukan dalam video di atas, yang pertama kali disajikan oleh Swedia di konferensi Rio+20 bulan Juni yang lalu. Kisah hutan Swedia merentangkan 100 tahun pengembangan kebijakan, sasaran pengelolaan hutan yang beragam dan kerap [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":71,"featured_media":11404,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12215],"tag-bahasa":[2587,2516,2520,5217,2554],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[2967],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[680],"class_list":["post-11402","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-global","tag-bahasa-bentang-alam","tag-bahasa-kehutanan-masyarakat","tag-bahasa-konservasi","tag-bahasa-swedia","tag-bahasa-tata-kelola-hutan","type-bahasa-kolom-dirjen"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Kehutanan lestari \u00e0 la Swedia - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/11402\/kehutanan-lestari-a-la-swedia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kehutanan lestari \u00e0 la Swedia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dapatkah &#8220;model Swedia&#8221; mengenai pengelolaan hutan lestari menjadi bagian dari solusi untuk kehutanan di bagian-bagian dunia lainnya? Ini merupakan pertanyaan akhir yang diajukan dalam video di atas, yang pertama kali disajikan oleh Swedia di konferensi Rio+20 bulan Juni yang lalu. 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