{"id":11333,"date":"2012-11-02T02:54:57","date_gmt":"2012-11-02T02:54:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=11333"},"modified":"2015-10-29T10:32:26","modified_gmt":"2015-10-29T03:32:26","slug":"menentukan-deforestasi-dan-deforestasi-sebagai-penentu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/11333\/menentukan-deforestasi-dan-deforestasi-sebagai-penentu","title":{"rendered":"Menentukan deforestasi dan deforestasi sebagai penentu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ketika saya memulai pekerjaan saya di Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) bulan lalu, saya memperhatikan <em>World Deforestation Clock<\/em> (Jam Deforestasi Dunia) pada <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">halaman depan CIFOR,<\/a> yang memberi informasi kepada pembaca \u201csejumlah hektar hutan yang hilang sejak anda berada di halaman ini.\u201d Semakin lama penjelajah jejaring anda berada pada halaman depan kami, semakin tinggi angka yang ditunjukkan.<\/p>\n<p>Pada saat itu, saya membuat catatan dalam hati untuk kembali pada fitur ini dan memahami kembali apa yang dikomunikasikan oleh fitur ini dan mengapa. Membuka kotak ini mengungkapkan sejumlah besar pertanyaan menarik, dan saya akan mencoba untuk mendiskusikan beberapa hal di sini.<\/p>\n<p>Pertama, apa yang ditunjukkan oleh jam tersebut? Penting untuk diperhatikan bahwa terdapat tren daerah positif maupun negatif. Yaitu, terdapat sejumlah wilayah hutan yang diperoleh seiring dengan berjalannya waktu dan dalam jumlah yang lebih besar lagi adalah yang hilang. Pada edisi <a href=\"ftp:\/\/ftp.fao.org\/docrep\/fao\/003\/Y1997E\/FRA%202000%20Main%20report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"> Global Forest Resources Assessment<\/a>\/FRA (Penilaian Sumberdaya Hutan Global) tahun 2000, yang diterbitkan oleh tempat saya bekerja sebelumnya, Organisasi Pangan dan Pertanian PBB (FAO), jumlah kehilangan (deforestasi) yang diperkirakan adalah sebesar 14,8 juta hektar per tahun (ha\/thn) dan yang diperoleh adalah sebesar 5,6 juta (ha\/thn) yang menghasilkan perubahan wilayah bersih sebesar -9,4 juta (ha\/thn). Dalam <a href=\"ftp:\/\/ftp.fao.org\/docrep\/fao\/008\/A0400E\/A0400E00.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">FRA 2005<\/a>, perubahan kotor dan bersih tidak dianalisa, namun laju deforestasi sebesar 13 juta (ha\/thn), atau sebesar 0,41 hektar per detik (ha\/dtk), yang terjadi selama periode 1990-2005 disajikan sejalan dengan adanya kecenderungan yang menunjukkan suatu tren wilayah negatif dari sejumlah laporan negara. Perkiraan ini tentunya terlalu rendah mengingat variasi dalam suatu negara tidak diperhitungkan, namun demikian saat ini jam deforestasi menggunakan angka tersebut. Figur <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fao.org\/docrep\/013\/i1757e\/i1757e.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">FRA 2010<\/a> sekarang telah tersedia dan menunjukkan laju perubahan area yang lebih rendah yaitu -5.2 juta ha\/thn untuk periode 2000-2010. Laporan FRA 2010 juga menyatakan bahwa deforestasi yang \u201cmendekati 16 juta ha\/thn\u201d untuk periode 1990-2010 adalah berdasarkan analisa yang sama dengan FRA 2000. Angka ini dikatakan \u201clebih akurat\u201d namun tidak terdapat referensi tentang bagaimana angka ini dikalkulasikan.<\/p>\n<p>Pada saat ini, dalam pandangan saya, berdasarkan laporan-laporan Negara terkait perubahan global wilayah hutan, tidak ada alternatif yang tepat untuk informasi FRA. Beberapa upaya ilmiah untuk menduga perubahan dengan menggunakan data penginderaan jauh telah dilakukan, namun biasanya hal ini menggambarkan perubahan tutupan pohon (yang berbeda dengan perubahan wilayah hutan), dan terdapat pendekatan dan ambisi yang bervariasi dalam melakukan verifikasi lapangan. Sementara ilmu di lapangan telah mengalami kemajuan, status resmi dari angka-angka FRA menjadi lebih tepat untuk digunakan.<\/p>\n<p>Namun demikian, yang akan menjadi pengubah permainan yang sebenarnya adalah hasil survei penginderaan jauh global yang sedang dilaksanakan oleh FAO dan Komisi Eropa (EC), yang dilakukan melalui sekitar 10.000 lokasi contoh secara global, dan melibatkan ahli setempat dalam melakukan verifikasi perubahan di lapangan. <a href=\"http:\/\/foris.fao.org\/static\/data\/fra2010\/RSS_Summary_Report_lowres.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Hasil awal<\/a> mengkonfirmasi adanya ketidaksesuaian dalam data laporan negara, termasuk taksiran yang terlalu tinggi untuk deforestasi di Afrika, seperti yang telah ditunjukkan dalam FRA 2000 (<a href=\"ftp:\/\/ftp.fao.org\/docrep\/fao\/003\/Y1997E\/FRA%202000%20Main%20report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">lihat halaman 316<\/a>). Pada tingkat global, studi ini mengkonfirmasi laju deforestasi yang dilaporkan dalam FRA 2000 dan laporan setelahnya, dan juga mengkonfirmasi perolehan yang cukup banyak atas hutan di banyak wilayah. Hasil akhir nampaknya akan mengubah cara kita melihat dinamika pemanfaatan lahan, demikian juga tren yang terkait.<\/p>\n<p>Pertanyaan selanjutnya adalah mengapa angka deforestasi dipilih sebagai sebuah indikator tren hutan yang disediakan untuk khalayak luas? Ini bukan merupakan fenomena baru. Ketika sejumlah indikator untuk Tujuan Pembangunan Milenium  (MDG) dipilih lebih dari 10 tahun yang lalu, hal ini merupakan indikator hutan yang terpilih (walaupun untuk jelasnya, indikator ini adalah perubahan bersih wilayah dan bukan deforestasi). Bukan hanya gaung politis yang ada, namun terdapat juga serangkaian data yang tersedia untuk masing-masing negara (<a href=\"http:\/\/mdgs.un.org\/unsd\/mdg\/Default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">sebuah kriteria untuk pelaporan indikator MDG<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>Hal ini juga berarti bahwa isu-isu kehutanan telah diletakkan secara tegas di bawah tujuan lingkungan hidup (MDG-7) dan hanya dapat dilihat di bawah judul ini. Berdasarkan sejumlah laporan terdahulu (mis: <a href=\"http:\/\/ia600200.us.archive.org\/20\/items\/forestresourceso00zonrrich\/forestresourceso00zonrrich.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Zon 1910<\/a>) sampai pada pertimbangan yang mendalam terkait REDD+ saat ini, perubahan wilayah hutan telah menjadi konsep yang tertanam pada masyarakat baik yang berada di dalam maupun di luar komunitas khusus kehutanan. Adalah ironis ketika angka tersebut berbicara lebih banyak tentang pembangunan pertanian dibandingkan kehutanan. Perubahan wilayah hutan nampaknya tidak terlalu berkorelasi dengan kontribusi kehutanan bagi pembangunan berkelanjutan.<\/p>\n<p>Pada blog yang akan datang, saya mengusulkan sebuah cara baru dalam Menghitung Waktu Hutan di Dunia.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ketika saya memulai pekerjaan saya di Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) bulan lalu, saya memperhatikan World Deforestation Clock (Jam Deforestasi Dunia) pada halaman depan CIFOR, yang memberi informasi kepada pembaca \u201csejumlah hektar hutan yang hilang sejak anda berada di halaman ini.\u201d Semakin lama penjelajah jejaring anda berada pada halaman depan kami, semakin tinggi angka [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":71,"featured_media":11340,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[161],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12215],"tag-bahasa":[2522,2645],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[2967],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[680],"class_list":["post-11333","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-deforestation","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-global","tag-bahasa-deforestasi","tag-bahasa-penginderaan-jauh","type-bahasa-kolom-dirjen"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - 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