{"id":93152,"date":"2025-07-29T20:21:35","date_gmt":"2025-07-29T13:21:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/forest-bubble1.jpg"},"modified":"2025-10-29T07:18:23","modified_gmt":"2025-10-29T00:18:23","slug":"covid-19-cinq-ans-apres-lecons-sur-la-perception-de-la-viande-de-brousse-en-afrique-centrale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/93152\/covid-19-cinq-ans-apres-lecons-sur-la-perception-de-la-viande-de-brousse-en-afrique-centrale","title":{"rendered":"COVID-19 cinq ans apr\u00e8s : Le\u00e7ons sur la perception de la viande de brousse en Afrique centrale"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cinq ans apr\u00e8s que la COVID-19 a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9clar\u00e9e urgence sanitaire mondiale, le monde dresse un bilan des le\u00e7ons tir\u00e9es d\u2019un combat men\u00e9 \u00e0 la fois sur le front scientifique et dans l\u2019univers de la communication de masse.
\nUn d\u00e9bat passionn\u00e9 a \u00e9merg\u00e9 autour de la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 et de la faisabilit\u00e9 d\u2019interdire les march\u00e9s de viande de brousse, per\u00e7us comme des sources potentielles de maladies zoonotiques. Des pays comme le Gabon ont ainsi interdit la vente de pangolins et de chauves-souris.<\/p>\n

Dans le bassin du Congo, on estime que 2,5 millions de tonnes d\u2019animaux sauvages sont consomm\u00e9es chaque ann\u00e9e. Si les populations rurales et d\u00e9pendantes des for\u00eats s\u2019appuient sur la viande de brousse pour se nourrir, se soigner et g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des revenus, ce sont les citadins qui, en la consid\u00e9rant comme un mets de choix, en ont stimul\u00e9 la demande.<\/p>\n

Or, la destruction des for\u00eats tropicales et la consommation de viande de brousse sont connues pour accro\u00eetre le risque de transmission de virus animaux \u00e0 l\u2019humain, favorisant la propagation de maladies comme le VIH, l\u2019Ebola, le SRAS et, potentiellement, la COVID-19, comme l\u2019ont soulign\u00e9 de nombreux m\u00e9dias \u00e0 travers le monde.<\/p>\n

D\u00e8s lors, dans quelle mesure les r\u00e9cits m\u00e9diatiques ont-ils influenc\u00e9 la perception de la viande de brousse dans le bassin du Congo, la fr\u00e9quence de sa consommation et le soutien \u00e0 une \u00e9ventuelle interdiction ? Et comment ces enseignements peuvent-ils \u00e9clairer les futures strat\u00e9gies de communication et les politiques publiques visant \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger la faune sauvage et la sant\u00e9 publique ?<\/p>\n

Pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 ces questions, des chercheurs du Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale et du Centre International de Recherche en Agroforesterie (CIFOR-ICRAF)<\/a>, de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Oxford<\/a> et d\u2019autres partenaires ont analys\u00e9 plus de 260 articles de presse portant sur la consommation de viande de brousse au Cameroun, en R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC) et au Gabon, publi\u00e9s entre 2019 et 2020. Ils ont \u00e9galement men\u00e9 des enqu\u00eates t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques au Cameroun et en RDC, laquelle abrite environ 60 % de la for\u00eat du bassin du Congo.<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tA LIRE EGALEMENT<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\tCOVID-19 et perceptions de la viande de brousse en Afrique centrale : quel impact ?<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n

R\u00e9cits m\u00e9diatiques versus r\u00e9alit\u00e9s sociales<\/strong><\/p>\n

Si la pand\u00e9mie de COVID-19 a entra\u00een\u00e9 une hausse de la couverture m\u00e9diatique \u00e9tablissant un lien entre viande de brousse et maladie, son impact sur les comportements des personnes interrog\u00e9es est rest\u00e9 limit\u00e9. Les journalistes ne figuraient pas parmi les sources d\u2019information les plus fiables et n\u2019apportaient que rarement des preuves concr\u00e8tes \u00e0 l\u2019appui de leurs affirmations sur l\u2019origine du virus ou les effets de la viande de brousse.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Les articles de presse avaient tendance \u00e0 insister sur les risques de transmission du virus de l\u2019animal \u00e0 l\u2019homme via la viande de brousse \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Yuhan Li, chercheure au CIFOR-ICRAF et auteure principale de l\u2019\u00e9tude. \u00ab Pourtant, nos r\u00e9sultats montrent que les perceptions \u00e9taient davantage influenc\u00e9es par l\u2019exp\u00e9rience personnelle, et que les choix alimentaires d\u00e9pendaient surtout du prix et de la disponibilit\u00e9 des viandes, qu\u2019elles soient sauvages ou domestiques. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Par ailleurs, moins de la moiti\u00e9 des r\u00e9pondants au Cameroun et en RDC soutenaient l\u2019interdiction du commerce de la viande de brousse, et plus du tiers consid\u00e9rait que la viande rouge domestique pr\u00e9sentait davantage de risques sanitaires \u2014 r\u00e9v\u00e9lant ainsi un d\u00e9calage notable entre le discours m\u00e9diatique et la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 v\u00e9cue.<\/p>\n

Les raisons invoqu\u00e9es pour s\u2019opposer \u00e0 une interdiction incluaient l\u2019importance nutritionnelle et \u00e9conomique de la viande de brousse, son go\u00fbt, et le scepticisme quant \u00e0 la faisabilit\u00e9 d\u2019une interdiction \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u00c0 Yangambi, en R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo, des campagnes de sensibilisation sur la viande de brousse sont diffus\u00e9es \u00e0 la radio. Photo : Axel Fassio \/ CIFOR-ICRAF<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

La pand\u00e9mie a tout de m\u00eame modifi\u00e9 les habitudes alimentaires \u2014 mais dans les deux sens. Pr\u00e8s de 47 % des r\u00e9pondants camerounais et 32 % des r\u00e9pondants en RDC ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 avoir r\u00e9duit leur consommation de viande de brousse en 2021, souvent \u00e0 cause de son association avec des maladies.<\/p>\n

Dans le m\u00eame temps, un tiers des personnes interrog\u00e9es en RDC ont rapport\u00e9 en avoir consomm\u00e9 davantage cette ann\u00e9e-l\u00e0, principalement en raison de la hausse des prix et du manque d\u2019alternatives de viande. Il est \u00e0 noter que 45 % des r\u00e9pondants en RDC vivaient en zone rurale, contre seulement 7 % au Cameroun.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Cela pourrait expliquer les r\u00e9sultats observ\u00e9s, car le ralentissement du commerce durant les premi\u00e8res phases de la pand\u00e9mie a renforc\u00e9 la d\u00e9pendance des communaut\u00e9s rurales \u00e0 la viande de brousse disponible dans les for\u00eats environnantes \u00bb, explique Li.<\/p>\n

Dan Challender, co-auteur de l\u2019\u00e9tude \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Oxford, a rappel\u00e9 que de nombreuses voix s\u2019\u00e9taient \u00e9lev\u00e9es en faveur d\u2019interdictions du commerce de la faune sauvage au plus fort de la pand\u00e9mie. \u00ab Pourtant, nos r\u00e9sultats montrent la complexit\u00e9 de la relation entre les populations d\u2019Afrique centrale et la viande de brousse \u00bb, affirme-t-il. \u00ab Une politique efficace ne peut donc pas se r\u00e9sumer \u00e0 des interdictions simples. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Enseignements et perspectives<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9tude conclut que le risque per\u00e7u de maladie n\u2019est qu\u2019un facteur parmi d\u2019autres dans la consommation de viande de brousse. Elle r\u00e9v\u00e8le aussi un d\u00e9calage manifeste entre les r\u00e9cits m\u00e9diatiques et la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 sociale dans le bassin du Congo.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Les autorit\u00e9s comme les m\u00e9dias ont la responsabilit\u00e9 de fournir des informations opportunes, bas\u00e9es sur des preuves \u00bb, souligne Li, insistant sur l\u2019importance de communiquer clairement les incertitudes scientifiques. \u00ab Par exemple, il convient de pr\u00e9ciser lorsqu\u2019il s\u2019agit d\u2019une hypoth\u00e8se ou d\u2019un r\u00e9sultat pr\u00e9liminaire, et non d\u2019un fait av\u00e9r\u00e9. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Li appelle \u00e9galement \u00e0 approfondir la recherche sur l\u2019influence des r\u00e9seaux sociaux sur la perception de la viande de brousse, et sur l\u2019\u00e9volution des choix alimentaires cinq ans apr\u00e8s le d\u00e9but de la pand\u00e9mie.<\/p>\n

Compte tenu du manque d\u2019alternatives signal\u00e9, une autre piste essentielle consisterait \u00e0 \u00e9valuer l\u2019impact des initiatives visant \u00e0 offrir aux communaut\u00e9s des moyens de subsistance durables et d\u2019autres sources de prot\u00e9ines.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cinq ans apr\u00e8s que la COVID-19 a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9clar\u00e9e urgence sanitaire mondiale, le monde dresse un bilan des le\u00e7ons tir\u00e9es d\u2019un combat men\u00e9 \u00e0 la fois sur le front scientifique et dans l\u2019univers de la communication de masse. Un d\u00e9bat passionn\u00e9 a \u00e9merg\u00e9 autour de la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 et de la faisabilit\u00e9 d\u2019interdire les march\u00e9s de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":454,"featured_media":93154,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[12208,9716,12023],"language":[2170],"location":[12246],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[3436,9730,12025],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[7135],"class_list":["post-93152","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","tag-afrique-central","tag-covid-19","tag-gestion-durable-de-la-viande-de-brousse","language-francais","location-africa","tag-francais-afrique-centrale","tag-francais-covid-19","tag-francais-gestion-durable-de-la-viande-de-brousse"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCOVID-19 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