{"id":92764,"date":"2025-07-10T13:21:40","date_gmt":"2025-07-10T06:21:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=92764"},"modified":"2025-09-08T11:04:11","modified_gmt":"2025-09-08T04:04:11","slug":"reguler-le-commerce-mondial-sans-nuire-aux-exploitations-agroforestieres","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/92764\/reguler-le-commerce-mondial-sans-nuire-aux-exploitations-agroforestieres","title":{"rendered":"R\u00e9guler le commerce mondial sans nuire aux exploitations agroforesti\u00e8res ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Les mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res \u00e9chang\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale, pouvant \u00eatre cultiv\u00e9es dans des syst\u00e8mes agricoles ressemblant \u00e0 des for\u00eats \u2014 connus sous le nom d\u2019agroforesterie \u2014 font depuis longtemps partie de la solution pour stabiliser les marges foresti\u00e8res. Ces syst\u00e8mes permettent aux communaut\u00e9s locales d\u2019utiliser la terre de mani\u00e8re efficace tout en \u00e9vitant les risques \u00e9cologiques associ\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019agriculture en plein champ. Cependant, cette approche se trouve aujourd’hui en opposition avec de nouveaux efforts visant \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les for\u00eats, aussi contre-intuitif que cela puisse para\u00eetre. Bien que des initiatives bien intentionn\u00e9es visent \u00e0 promouvoir un commerce \u00ab sans d\u00e9forestation \u00bb et \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les for\u00eats des mains avides, l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 de ces politiques d\u00e9pend largement de la d\u00e9finition m\u00eame de ce qu’est une for\u00eat. Depuis un satellite, des formes agricoles semblables \u00e0 des for\u00eats, telles que l\u2019agroforesterie (AF), peuvent facilement \u00eatre confondues avec des for\u00eats naturelles \u2014 une erreur qui pourrait avoir des cons\u00e9quences non intentionnelles.<\/p>\n

Le r\u00e8glement europ\u00e9en<\/a> sur le commerce sans d\u00e9forestation (EUDR), qui sera enti\u00e8rement appliqu\u00e9e d\u2019ici d\u00e9cembre 2025 pour les grandes entreprises et d\u2019ici juin 2026 pour les petites et moyennes entreprises, vise \u00e0 garantir que les consommateurs europ\u00e9ens ne soient plus impliqu\u00e9s dans les causes de la d\u00e9forestation continue li\u00e9e aux exportations de produits agricoles. L’EUDR s’inscrit dans une longue tradition d\u2019efforts pour contr\u00f4ler, r\u00e9duire, g\u00e9rer ou \u00e9liminer la d\u00e9forestation, mais sa conception a-t-elle suffisamment pris en compte les raisons pour lesquelles les initiatives pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes n\u2019ont que partiellement tenu leurs promesses ?<\/p>\n

Des chercheurs du Centre de Recherche Foresti\u00e8re Internationale et du Centre international de recherche en Agroforesterie (CIFOR-ICRAF)<\/a> ont rejoint le d\u00e9bat sur l’EUDR. D’un c\u00f4t\u00e9, certains soulignent l\u2019urgence d\u2019agir; de l\u2019autre, d\u2019autres insistent sur la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9viter les pi\u00e8ges courants des solutions simplistes (\u00ab solution miracle \u00bb), de minimiser les dommages collat\u00e9raux et de donner du fondement \u00e0 la responsabilit\u00e9 commune mais diff\u00e9renci\u00e9e (\u00ab CBDR \u00bb) pour r\u00e9soudre les d\u00e9ficits de d\u00e9veloppement dans le cadre des limites plan\u00e9taires.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

L\u2019urgence de prot\u00e9ger les for\u00eats naturelles primaires restantes du monde est bien \u00e9tablie \u00e0 travers de nombreux accords internationaux traitant du changement climatique et de la perte de biodiversit\u00e9. Une grande partie des terres d\u00e9bois\u00e9es, ou rendues vuln\u00e9rables aux feux de for\u00eats apr\u00e8s un certain temps, est finalement utilis\u00e9e pour l\u2019agriculture. Les facteurs varient selon les contextes, mais la production alimentaire locale et les cultures d\u2019exportation jouent tous deux un r\u00f4le majeur. L\u2019UE, en tant qu\u2019importatrice de produits li\u00e9s \u00e0 la d\u00e9forestation, a une responsabilit\u00e9 variable selon les produits et leurs origines, mais elle est significative dans certains cas.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Les pi\u00e8ges communs reconnus dans l\u2019EUDR incluent la simplification excessive des r\u00e9alit\u00e9s complexes et diverses sur le terrain en une simple dichotomie binaire \u00ab for\u00eat contre non-for\u00eat \u00bb, explique Meine van Noordwijk<\/a>, chercheur \u00e9m\u00e9rite de CIFOR-ICRAF et auteur principal de la publication r\u00e9cente<\/a>. \u00ab Il y a aussi une confiance excessive dans une solution technique unique : l\u2019\u00e9valuation g\u00e9olocalis\u00e9e de la \u00ab d\u00e9forestation \u00bb. Bien que des efforts aient \u00e9t\u00e9 faits pour corriger l\u2019omission initiale des impacts sociaux sur les petits producteurs en lisi\u00e8re des for\u00eats, ces efforts sont arriv\u00e9s \u00ab plut\u00f4t tard \u00bb et restent \u00ab insuffisants \u00bb. La synergie limit\u00e9e avec les Objectifs de D\u00e9veloppement Durable (ODD) et l\u2019absence d\u2019int\u00e9gration dans les cadres des pays exportateurs renforcent un sentiment de \u00ab d\u00e9mesure \u00bb \u2014surtout lorsque tout arbre dans un paysage fonctionnel est trait\u00e9 comme \u00e9quivalent \u00e0 une for\u00eat d\u2019une valeur de conservation mondiale. \u00bb<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tA LIRE EGALEMENT<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\tAu-del\u00e0 des cartes imparfaites \/ preuves pour une agroforesterie conforme \u00e0 l'EUDR<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n

Les cartes d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es par les agences de l\u2019UE pour soutenir la mise en \u0153uvre de l\u2019EUDR affirmaient que le monde comptait 12% de for\u00eats en plus en 2020 par rapport \u00e0 d\u2019autres sources. Des \u00e9tudes de validation montrent qu\u2019il y a 18% de chances qu\u2019une unit\u00e9 spatiale class\u00e9e comme for\u00eat dans un jeu de donn\u00e9es soit consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme non-for\u00eat dans un autre.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Pour autant que nous puissions en juger, une grande partie des divergences provient de la couverture arbor\u00e9e utilis\u00e9e en agroforesterie \u00bb, explique Peter Minang<\/a>, Directeur Afrique de CIFOR-ICRAF et co-auteur de la publication<\/a>. \u00ab Les erreurs cartographiques ont deux cons\u00e9quences majeures : (1) Les produits li\u00e9s \u00e0 la d\u00e9forestation peuvent toujours atteindre les march\u00e9s europ\u00e9ens; et (2) les commer\u00e7ants peuvent \u00e9viter les produits conformes \u00e0 l’EUDR s’ils pensent que ceux-ci seront signal\u00e9s comme risqu\u00e9s et rejet\u00e9s \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re. La deuxi\u00e8me cons\u00e9quence nuit d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux agroforestiers, comme nous l\u2019entendons de la part des personnes sur le terrain dans de nombreux pays. C\u2019est un dommage collat\u00e9ral \u2014 un terme fort, mais malheureusement pr\u00e9cis. \u00bb<\/p>\n

\u00ab Nous avons constat\u00e9 que pour les jardins agroforestiers en Indon\u00e9sie produisant du caf\u00e9, du cacao ou du caoutchouc, il y a 63% de chances qu\u2019ils soient (\u00e0 tort) cartographi\u00e9s comme des for\u00eats dans les jeux de donn\u00e9es r\u00e9cents \u00bb, affirme Sonya Dewi<\/a>, Directrice Asie de CIFOR-ICRAF et co-auteure. \u00ab L\u2019agroforesterie combine typiquement des arbres plant\u00e9s, r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s naturellement ou retenus depuis les pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents usages du sol, souvent sans sch\u00e9mas spatiaux rigides. Il faut conna\u00eetre le contexte local pour distinguer ces syst\u00e8mes des for\u00eats naturelles sur les images satellites. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Les r\u00e9centes communications officielles de l\u2019UE sur l\u2019EUDR ont minimis\u00e9 les pr\u00e9occupations concernant la fiabilit\u00e9 de la carte foresti\u00e8re pr\u00e9par\u00e9e par le Centre Commun de Recherche (JRC) de l\u2019UE pour d\u00e9terminer la date limite de conformit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019EUDR. Mais cela soul\u00e8ve une question plus profonde : l\u2019UE-JRC a-t-elle \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans son ex\u00e9cution, ou a-t-on demand\u00e9 \u00e0 cartographier quelque chose qui ne peut pas \u00eatre cartographi\u00e9 avec pr\u00e9cision selon les hypoth\u00e8ses actuelles ?<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tA LIRE EGALEMENT<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\tLa r\u00e9glementation europ\u00e9enne sur le commerce sans d\u00e9forestation : des dommages collat\u00e9raux pour les agroforestiers ?<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n

\u00ab Avec des efforts de collaboration suppl\u00e9mentaires, les incertitudes cartographiques peuvent \u00eatre r\u00e9duites, mais les d\u00e9finitions sp\u00e9cifiques des for\u00eats \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle des pays doivent \u00eatre reconnues dans les politiques mondiales sur le changement climatique \u00bb, d\u00e9clare Beria Leimona<\/a>, responsable de la recherche sur le climat au CIFOR-ICRAF et co-auteure des publications. \u00ab L\u2019EUDR rencontrerait moins de r\u00e9sistance s\u2019il \u00e9tait int\u00e9gr\u00e9 plus harmonieusement dans les plans d\u2019action au niveau juridictionnel\u2014en particulier ceux qui reconnaissent clairement le r\u00f4le de la couverture arbor\u00e9e agricole en dehors des for\u00eats. \u00bb<\/p>\n

\n

Lectures compl\u00e9mentaires<\/strong>
\nAu-del\u00e0 des cartes imparfaites : des preuves pour une agroforesterie conforme \u00e0 l\u2019EUDR. Juin 2025. People and Nature<\/em>. DOI:10.1002\/pan3.70088 (\u00e0 para\u00eetre)
\nBlog : https:\/\/relationalthinkingblog.com<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res \u00e9chang\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale, pouvant \u00eatre cultiv\u00e9es dans des syst\u00e8mes agricoles ressemblant \u00e0 des for\u00eats \u2014 connus sous le nom d\u2019agroforesterie \u2014 font depuis longtemps partie de la solution pour stabiliser les marges foresti\u00e8res. Ces syst\u00e8mes permettent aux communaut\u00e9s locales d\u2019utiliser la terre de mani\u00e8re efficace tout en \u00e9vitant les risques \u00e9cologiques […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":459,"featured_media":92765,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[12063,12071,12040,12103,12051],"tags":[11444,371,11993],"language":[2170],"location":[12217],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[3171,3080,11992],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[11051],"class_list":["post-92764","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aliments-et-regimes","category-chaines-de-valeur-et-finance","category-changement-climatique-et-energetique","category-foresterie-communautaire","category-gestion-et-restauration-forestiere","tag-agroforesterie","tag-deforestation","tag-eudr","language-francais","location-global","tag-francais-agroforesterie","tag-francais-deforestation","tag-francais-eudr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nR\u00e9guler le commerce mondial sans nuire aux exploitations agroforesti\u00e8res ? - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/92764\/reguler-le-commerce-mondial-sans-nuire-aux-exploitations-agroforestieres\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"R\u00e9guler le commerce mondial sans nuire aux exploitations agroforesti\u00e8res ?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res \u00e9chang\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale, pouvant \u00eatre cultiv\u00e9es dans des syst\u00e8mes agricoles ressemblant \u00e0 des for\u00eats \u2014 connus sous le nom d\u2019agroforesterie \u2014 font depuis longtemps partie de la solution pour stabiliser les marges foresti\u00e8res. 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