{"id":91608,"date":"2025-03-21T12:00:37","date_gmt":"2025-03-21T05:00:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=91608"},"modified":"2025-09-08T11:02:17","modified_gmt":"2025-09-08T04:02:17","slug":"forets-fraiches-le-systeme-de-climatisation-de-la-nature","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/91608\/forets-fraiches-le-systeme-de-climatisation-de-la-nature","title":{"rendered":"For\u00eats fra\u00eeches : Le syst\u00e8me de climatisation de la nature"},"content":{"rendered":"

Alors que nous faisons face \u00e0 la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 inqui\u00e9tante que 2024 a marqu\u00e9 la premi\u00e8re ann\u00e9e o\u00f9 les temp\u00e9ratures mondiales ont d\u00e9pass\u00e9 le seuil de 1,5 \u00b0C fix\u00e9 par l\u2019Accord de Paris, la reconnaissance du r\u00f4le vital des for\u00eats et des arbres dans la r\u00e9gulation du climat n\u2019a jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 aussi capitale.<\/p>\n

Le pouvoir rafra\u00eechissant des arbres<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Les arbres fournissent une ombre essentielle, r\u00e9duisant les temp\u00e9ratures au niveau du sol de 2 \u00e0 8\u00b0C dans les zones urbaines et jusqu\u2019\u00e0 15\u00b0C dans les zones rurales. Cet effet direct d\u2019ombrage est particuli\u00e8rement important pour att\u00e9nuer l\u2019effet d\u2019\u00eelot de chaleur urbain, o\u00f9 les villes connaissent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des temp\u00e9ratures de 1 \u00e0 3\u00b0C plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es que les zones rurales environnantes.<\/p>\n

L’\u00e9vapotranspiration, le processus par lequel l’eau s’\u00e9vapore des feuilles et du sol environnant, contribue \u00e9galement au refroidissement. Lorsque l\u2019eau passe de l\u2019\u00e9tat liquide \u00e0 la vapeur, elle absorbe la chaleur de l\u2019air ambiant, ce qui permet de baisser les temp\u00e9ratures locales. Un arbre mature peut transpirer jusqu’\u00e0 400 litres d’eau par jour, cr\u00e9ant un effet naturel de climatisation. Ce processus absorbe une quantit\u00e9 importante d’\u00e9nergie thermique, des \u00e9tudes montrant qu’un seul grand arbre peut fournir un effet de refroidissement \u00e9quivalent \u00e0 10 climatiseurs de taille moyenne fonctionnant pendant 20 heures par jour.<\/p>\n

L’effet alb\u00e9do des for\u00eats joue \u00e9galement un r\u00f4le essentiel, bien que complexe, dans la r\u00e9gulation de la temp\u00e9rature. Les for\u00eats tropicales et temp\u00e9r\u00e9es ont un alb\u00e9do faible par rapport \u00e0 d\u2019autres types de couvertures terrestres, ce qui signifie qu\u2019elles absorbent davantage de rayonnement solaire et contribuent ainsi au refroidissement. Les for\u00eats bor\u00e9ales, avec leur canop\u00e9e plus sombre, pr\u00e9sentent un cas particulier o\u00f9 la d\u00e9forestation pourrait entra\u00eener un refroidissement en raison des effets forts d’alb\u00e9do de la surface. Dans des conditions froides, l’effet alb\u00e9do neige-v\u00e9g\u00e9tation domine, ce qui fait que les for\u00eats bor\u00e9ales r\u00e9chauffent le climat.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Vue de la for\u00eat de Kalimantan central. Photo de Nanang Sujana \/ CIFOR-ICRAF<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Des recherches ont \u00e9galement mis en \u00e9vidence le r\u00f4le des for\u00eats dans la production de compos\u00e9s organiques volatils biog\u00e9niques, qui peuvent conduire \u00e0 la formation d\u2019a\u00e9rosols. Ces a\u00e9rosols peuvent influencer la formation des nuages et les r\u00e9gimes de pr\u00e9cipitations, affectant indirectement tant les temp\u00e9ratures locales que mondiales.<\/p>\n

Les for\u00eats en bonne sant\u00e9 servent de puits de carbone essentiels, les for\u00eats mondiales absorbant actuellement environ 7,6 milliards de tonnes de CO\u2082 chaque ann\u00e9e, soit environ 20 % des \u00e9missions humaines. Les for\u00eats tropicales seules stockent environ 250 milliards de tonnes de carbone dans leur biomasse. La capacit\u00e9 des for\u00eats \u00e0 s\u00e9questrer le carbone varie en fonction de l\u2019\u00e2ge et du type, les for\u00eats tropicales matures absorbant environ 2,4 tonnes de carbone par hectare chaque ann\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Malheureusement, la d\u00e9forestation et le changement climatique menacent de plus en plus les effets de r\u00e9gulation de la temp\u00e9rature des for\u00eats. La perte mondiale de for\u00eats r\u00e9duit non seulement ces b\u00e9n\u00e9fices de refroidissement, mais peut \u00e9galement cr\u00e9er un cercle vicieux o\u00f9 des temp\u00e9ratures plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es entra\u00eenent davantage de stress et de mortalit\u00e9 foresti\u00e8re, pouvant ainsi transformer certaines for\u00eats de puits de carbone en sources de carbone.<\/p>\n

L’impact de la d\u00e9forestation sur les temp\u00e9ratures mondiales a \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9v\u00e8re et bien document\u00e9. Entre 2000 et 2023, le monde a perdu plus de 130 millions d\u2019hectares de for\u00eats tropicales. Cette perte d\u00e9vastatrice a contribu\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re significative \u00e0 l’augmentation des temp\u00e9ratures mondiales, les zones d\u00e9forest\u00e9es montrant des hausses de temp\u00e9rature allant jusqu\u2019\u00e0 4\u00b0C (et une r\u00e9duction des pr\u00e9cipitations\u2026 mais c\u2019est une autre histoire) par rapport aux r\u00e9gions foresti\u00e8res avoisinantes.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 mesure que les temp\u00e9ratures augmentent, de nombreuses for\u00eats subissent un stress accru d\u00fb \u00e0 la s\u00e9cheresse et aux incendies, risquant de les transformer de puits de carbone en sources de carbone. Par exemple, les incendies de for\u00eat en Australie de 2019-2020 ont lib\u00e9r\u00e9 environ 830 millions de tonnes de CO\u2082, montrant comment le changement climatique peut d\u00e9clencher des boucles de r\u00e9troaction d\u00e9vastatrices.<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tA LIRE EGALEMENT<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\tOn forests'role in climate, New York Times op-ed gets it wrong<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n

La science est claire : les for\u00eats et les arbres repr\u00e9sentent l\u2019un de nos outils naturels les plus puissants pour r\u00e9guler les temp\u00e9ratures mondiales et att\u00e9nuer les impacts du changement climatique.<\/p>\n

Des actions urgentes sont n\u00e9cessaires sur plusieurs fronts :<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Prot\u00e9ger les for\u00eats intactes ou presque intactes restantes<\/li>\n
  2. Promouvoir des initiatives de reforestation et d\u2019afforestation durables<\/li>\n
  3. Mettre en \u0153uvre des pratiques de gestion foresti\u00e8re durable<\/li>\n
  4. Int\u00e9grer la protection et la restauration des for\u00eats dans les politiques climatiques<\/li>\n
  5. Soutenir les communaut\u00e9s foresti\u00e8res autochtones en tant que gardiennes de la terre<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Le d\u00e9passement du seuil de 1,5\u00b0C en 2024 devrait servir de rappel brutal que nous devons agir de mani\u00e8re d\u00e9cisive pour prot\u00e9ger et \u00e9tendre nos ressources foresti\u00e8res. Leur r\u00f4le dans la r\u00e9gulation des temp\u00e9ratures et la s\u00e9questration du carbone en fait des alli\u00e9es indispensables dans notre lutte contre le changement climatique.<\/p>\n

    La couverture foresti\u00e8re mondiale a diminu\u00e9 r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement depuis 2000, avec une perte particuli\u00e8rement marqu\u00e9e dse for\u00eats primaires dans les r\u00e9gions tropicales. Bien que certains pays aient progress\u00e9 dans leurs efforts de reforestation, la perte nette des for\u00eats primaires continue \u00e0 un rythme alarmant d\u2019environ 3,8 millions d\u2019hectares par an. Cette perte est fortement corr\u00e9l\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019augmentation acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9e des temp\u00e9ratures mondiales, contribuant \u00e0 la rupture du seuil de 1,5\u00b0C en 2024.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Alors que nous faisons face \u00e0 la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 inqui\u00e9tante que 2024 a marqu\u00e9 la premi\u00e8re ann\u00e9e o\u00f9 les temp\u00e9ratures mondiales ont d\u00e9pass\u00e9 le seuil de 1,5 \u00b0C fix\u00e9 par l\u2019Accord de Paris, la reconnaissance du r\u00f4le vital des for\u00eats et des arbres dans la r\u00e9gulation du climat n\u2019a jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 aussi capitale. Le pouvoir rafra\u00eechissant […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":85,"featured_media":91609,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[12040,12051,12056],"tags":[11910,11675,11602],"language":[2170],"location":[12217],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[10040,6278,2335,5877],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[851],"class_list":["post-91608","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-changement-climatique-et-energetique","category-gestion-et-restauration-forestiere","category-paysages","tag-arbres","tag-gestion-des-forets","tag-journee-internationale-des-forets","language-francais","location-global","tag-francais-arbres","tag-francais-climat","tag-francais-forets","tag-francais-journee-internationale-des-forets"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nFor\u00eats fra\u00eeches : Le syst\u00e8me de climatisation de la nature - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/91608\/forets-fraiches-le-systeme-de-climatisation-de-la-nature\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"For\u00eats fra\u00eeches : Le syst\u00e8me de climatisation de la nature\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Alors que nous faisons face \u00e0 la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 inqui\u00e9tante que 2024 a marqu\u00e9 la premi\u00e8re ann\u00e9e o\u00f9 les temp\u00e9ratures mondiales ont d\u00e9pass\u00e9 le seuil de 1,5 \u00b0C fix\u00e9 par l\u2019Accord de Paris, la reconnaissance du r\u00f4le vital des for\u00eats et des arbres dans la r\u00e9gulation du climat n\u2019a jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 aussi capitale. 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