{"id":91187,"date":"2025-02-17T16:42:47","date_gmt":"2025-02-17T09:42:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=91187"},"modified":"2025-09-08T10:52:59","modified_gmt":"2025-09-08T03:52:59","slug":"zones-humides-ces-ecosystemes-intermediaires-comptent-plus-que-vous-ne-le-pensez","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/91187\/zones-humides-ces-ecosystemes-intermediaires-comptent-plus-que-vous-ne-le-pensez","title":{"rendered":"Zones humides : ces \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes \u00ab interm\u00e9diaires \u00bb comptent plus que vous ne le pensez"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tous les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes ne sont pas jug\u00e9s \u00e9gaux, et les \u00ab favoris \u00bb de notre plan\u00e8te \u2014comme les for\u00eats tropicales, les r\u00e9cifs coralliens et les glaciers \u2014 captent souvent une part disproportionn\u00e9e des efforts et de l\u2019attention en mati\u00e8re de conservation.
\nLes zones humides, en revanche \u2014 qui comprennent les marais, les tourbi\u00e8res, les mangroves, les estuaires, les marais salants et bien d\u2019autres \u2014 re\u00e7oivent peu d\u2019\u00e9loges. Notre ambivalence envers ces \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes se refl\u00e8te m\u00eame dans notre langage : en anglais, par exemple, on dit \u00ab \u00eatre embourb\u00e9 \u00bb ou \u00ab submerg\u00e9 \u00bb pour d\u00e9crire une situation difficile. Les adjectifs que nous utilisons pour les d\u00e9crire ne sont gu\u00e8re flatteurs : \u00ab d\u00e9tremp\u00e9 \u00bb, \u00ab humide \u00bb ou \u00ab trouble \u00bb en sont quelques exemples. Pour la plupart d\u2019entre nous, l\u2019id\u00e9e de passer des vacances dans une zone humide est bien moins attrayante que celle d\u2019une plage ou d\u2019une for\u00eat. Ce ne sont pas des lieux pour pique-niquer.<\/p>\n

Pourtant, l\u2019attrait d\u2019un \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me pour les humains est souvent un mauvais indicateur de son importance pour les syst\u00e8mes plan\u00e9taires. Et pour les zones humides, c\u2019est particuli\u00e8rement vrai. La stagnation et la d\u00e9composition qui caract\u00e9risent souvent ces \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes permettent de s\u00e9questrer des quantit\u00e9s \u00e9normes et cruciales de carbone : elles stockent actuellement plus de 30 % du carbone total des sols de la plan\u00e8te, tout en ne couvrant que 6 % de la surface terrestre<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Une \u00e9tude r\u00e9cente<\/a> du Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale et du Centre International de Recherche en Agroforesterie (CIFOR-ICRAF) et de ses partenaires montre que ces \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes oubli\u00e9s pourraient att\u00e9nuer plus de la moiti\u00e9 des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019utilisation des terres en Asie du Sud-Est, \u00e0 condition d\u2019\u00eatre g\u00e9r\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re appropri\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Les zones humides de notre plan\u00e8te sont \u00e9galement extr\u00eamement riches en biodiversit\u00e9, offrant un habitat unique \u00e0 une grande vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de flore et de faune. Cela inclut de nombreuses esp\u00e8ces menac\u00e9es, comme les orangs-outans (Pongo spp.<\/em>), les tigres (Panthera tigris<\/em>), les grues blanches (Grus americana<\/em>), ainsi qu\u2019une multitude de reptiles, d\u2019amphibiens, de poissons et d\u2019insectes.<\/p>\n

L\u2019importance des zones humides n\u2019a pas toujours \u00e9t\u00e9 sous-estim\u00e9e. Il y a des milliers d\u2019ann\u00e9es, les Mayas d\u2019Am\u00e9rique centrale construisaient des jardins sur\u00e9lev\u00e9s au-dessus des sols gorg\u00e9s d\u2019eau et y cultivaient des polycultures complexes et tr\u00e8s productives, capables de r\u00e9sister \u00e0 la s\u00e9cheresse<\/a>. Le riz, l\u2019une des cultures de base de la plan\u00e8te, est originaire des zones humides du bassin du Yangts\u00e9. Dans les for\u00eats de mangroves d\u2019Asie du Sud-Est, les sanctuaires et sites sacr\u00e9s t\u00e9moignent de l\u2019importance culturelle de ces espaces.<\/p>\n

\"\"
R\u00e9colte de moules sur les racines de pal\u00e9tuviers \u00e0 Karang Sewu. Photo de Aulia Erlangga \/ CIFOR-ICRAF<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Aujourd\u2019hui encore, beaucoup d\u2019entre nous d\u00e9pendent des zones humides plus que nous ne le r\u00e9alisons. Elles purifient l\u2019eau, servent de nurseries pour les poissons<\/a> et d\u2019autres esp\u00e8ces comestibles, prot\u00e8gent les communaut\u00e9s humaines des inondations, des ondes de temp\u00eate<\/a> et de l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9vation du niveau de la mer<\/a>, et fournissent une large gamme de services bas\u00e9s sur la nature. Leurs contributions sont particuli\u00e8rement cruciales dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement, o\u00f9 l\u2019aide gouvernementale est plus rare et les impacts climatiques plus intenses.<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tA LIRE EGALEMENT<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\tHealtier Mangroves, more fish<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n

Malgr\u00e9 ces contributions, les zones humides sont confront\u00e9es \u00e0 de multiples menaces. Depuis 1700, environ 87 %<\/a> des zones humides mondiales ont disparu, dont 64 %<\/a> depuis 1900. Entre 1970 et 2015, la superficie mondiale des zones humides a diminu\u00e9 de 35 %<\/a>, ce qui signifie qu\u2019elles disparaissent trois fois plus vite que les for\u00eats<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Le changement d\u2019affectation des terres est la principale cause<\/a> de la d\u00e9gradation des zones humides. Le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique exige sans cesse de nouveaux terrains \u00e0 drainer pour l\u2019agriculture, l\u2019expansion urbaine et les infrastructures (comme les routes, les logements et les zones industrielles). L\u2019agriculture \u00e0 elle seule a endommag\u00e9 plus de la moiti\u00e9<\/a> des zones humides d\u00e9sign\u00e9es comme \u00ab d\u2019importance internationale \u00bb<\/a> par la Convention de Ramsar<\/a>. Les zones humides c\u00f4ti\u00e8res sont souvent remblay\u00e9es pour le d\u00e9veloppement touristique et l\u2019aquaculture : en Asie du Sud-Est, par exemple, de nombreuses mangroves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 converties en fermes \u00e0 crevettes. Ce type de d\u00e9veloppement contribue \u00e9galement au r\u00e9chauffement climatique, qui \u00e0 son tour affecte les zones humides en modifiant la disponibilit\u00e9 de l\u2019eau, la salinit\u00e9 et les taux d\u2019\u00e9rosion.<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tA LIRE EGALEMENT<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\tAs Southeast Asia's haze dissipates, managing peatlands is more urgent than ever<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n

La Journ\u00e9e mondiale des zones humides (2 f\u00e9vrier) nous rappelle que nous devons prot\u00e9ger les zones humides restantes de la plan\u00e8te \u2014 et restaurer celles qui sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 d\u00e9grad\u00e9es. Les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures ont besoin de ces \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes uniques, qui doivent \u00eatre prot\u00e9g\u00e9s d\u00e8s maintenant.<\/p>\n

Les gouvernements peuvent jouer leur r\u00f4le en augmentant le nombre et la port\u00e9e des zones humides prot\u00e9g\u00e9es, en les d\u00e9signant comme parcs nationaux, r\u00e9serves naturelles ou sites Ramsar. Int\u00e9grer les zones humides dans les politiques nationales sur le climat et l\u2019eau, en reconnaissant et en valorisant leurs r\u00f4les essentiels dans la lutte contre les inondations, le stockage du carbone et la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9, est \u00e9galement crucial pour garantir qu\u2019elles re\u00e7oivent l\u2019attention qu\u2019elles m\u00e9ritent. Les politiques doivent \u00eatre con\u00e7ues pour limiter l\u2019extraction de l\u2019eau, la r\u00e9colte non durable des esp\u00e8ces des zones humides<\/a>, ainsi que les rejets agricoles et les polluants. Il est \u00e9galement essentiel de clarifier les priorit\u00e9s des communaut\u00e9s locales dans les zones humides et de soutenir les usages coutumiers et les activit\u00e9s de subsistance durables, tout en limitant les pratiques destructrices et les changements d\u2019affectation des terres \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle.<\/p>\n

Et nous, que pouvons-nous faire ? Nous pouvons agir lors de la Journ\u00e9e mondiale des zones humides \u2014 et tout au long de l\u2019ann\u00e9e \u2014 en participant ou en organisant un nettoyage local des zones humides, en soutenant et en apprenant sur les activit\u00e9s de conservation, en nous impliquant dans des projets de science citoyenne qui nous rapprochent des esp\u00e8ces des zones humides \u2014 comme le Grand Recensement des Oiseaux de Jardin<\/a> \u2014, et en plaidant pour des politiques de conservation plus fortes \u00e0 tous les niveaux de gouvernement. Ce dernier point est particuli\u00e8rement pertinent \u00e0 l\u2019approche de la 15\u00e8me<\/sup> Conf\u00e9rence des Parties contractantes \u00e0 la Convention de Ramsar sur les zones humides (COP15<\/a>), qui se tiendra en juillet au Zimbabwe.<\/p>\n

Que vous aimiez avoir les pieds mouill\u00e9s ou non, les zones humides de votre environnement sont probablement plus int\u00e9ressantes et importantes que vous ne le pensez. Faisons en sorte qu\u2019elles re\u00e7oivent l\u2019attention et les soins qu\u2019elles m\u00e9ritent.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tous les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes ne sont pas jug\u00e9s \u00e9gaux, et les \u00ab favoris \u00bb de notre plan\u00e8te \u2014comme les for\u00eats tropicales, les r\u00e9cifs coralliens et les glaciers \u2014 captent souvent une part disproportionn\u00e9e des efforts et de l\u2019attention en mati\u00e8re de conservation. Les zones humides, en revanche \u2014 qui comprennent les marais, les tourbi\u00e8res, les mangroves, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":70,"featured_media":91188,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[12051],"tags":[11877,11876],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[3250,11875,2327,10672],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[2999],"coauthors":[677],"class_list":["post-91187","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gestion-et-restauration-forestiere","tag-preservation-des-ecosystemes","tag-zones-humides","language-francais","tag-francais-carbone-bleu","tag-francais-journee-internationale-des-zones-humides","tag-francais-mangroves","tag-francais-zones-humides","type-francais-analyses"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nZones humides : ces \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes \u00ab interm\u00e9diaires \u00bb comptent plus que vous ne le pensez - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/91187\/zones-humides-ces-ecosystemes-intermediaires-comptent-plus-que-vous-ne-le-pensez\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Zones humides : ces \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes \u00ab interm\u00e9diaires \u00bb comptent plus que vous ne le pensez\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Tous les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes ne sont pas jug\u00e9s \u00e9gaux, et les \u00ab favoris \u00bb de notre plan\u00e8te \u2014comme les for\u00eats tropicales, les r\u00e9cifs coralliens et les glaciers \u2014 captent souvent une part disproportionn\u00e9e des efforts et de l\u2019attention en mati\u00e8re de conservation. 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He earned his first degree in forestry from Indonesia's Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) and his Ph.D. from the Department of Meteorology at Britain's University of Reading. He is a professor in the Department of Geophysics and Meteorology, IPB. His research work is related to land-use change and biogeochemical cycles, and climate change mitigation and adaptation. He has published a large number of articles in peer-reviewed journals and book chapters on these subjects. He played an extensive role in the Nobel Peace Prize-winning Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as a Convening Lead Author of the IPCC Third Assessment Report and the IPCC Special Report on Land-use, Land-use Change and Forestry. He also served as Review Editor of the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report. In 2000 he served the Government of Indonesia as Deputy Minister of Environment for two years, during which he was also the National Focal Point of the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Convention on Biological Diversity. 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