{"id":90253,"date":"2024-11-19T21:56:31","date_gmt":"2024-11-19T14:56:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=90253"},"modified":"2025-09-08T10:43:35","modified_gmt":"2025-09-08T03:43:35","slug":"louganda-en-tete-dans-lintegration-de-lagriculture-et-de-la-conservation-de-la-biodiversite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/90253\/louganda-en-tete-dans-lintegration-de-lagriculture-et-de-la-conservation-de-la-biodiversite","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019Ouganda en t\u00eate dans l\u2019int\u00e9gration de l\u2019agriculture et de la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"

Alors que les dirigeants mondiaux se pr\u00e9parent \u00e0 se r\u00e9unir en octobre pour \u00e9valuer les progr\u00e8s r\u00e9alis\u00e9s dans la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te, l\u2019Ouganda prend les devants sur une question particuli\u00e8rement d\u00e9licate : comment rendre l\u2019agriculture et les for\u00eats compatibles ?<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e8s de la moiti\u00e9 des terres potentiellement productives de la plan\u00e8te sont exploit\u00e9es pour la production alimentaire. Au fur et \u00e0 mesure que de plus en plus d\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes naturels sont transform\u00e9s en terres agricoles, l\u2019agriculture est souvent per\u00e7ue comme le plus grand ennemi de la biodiversit\u00e9. Pourtant, de nombreux scientifiques estiment que cette vision est d\u00e9pass\u00e9e. Pour ralentir la perte de biodiversit\u00e9, ils affirment que les terres agricoles doivent \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme une partie d\u2019un ensemble d\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes interconnect\u00e9s soutenant les objectifs de conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9 des pays.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Il est capital de conserver la biodiversit\u00e9 dans les paysages agricoles \u00bb, explique Philip Dobie, chercheur en chef au Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale et au Centre International de Recherche en Agroforesterie (CIFOR-ICRAF) \u00e0 Nairobi, Kenya. \u00ab Le d\u00e9fi consiste \u00e0 faire de l\u2019agriculture une partie de la solution plut\u00f4t qu\u2019un ennemi. Cela n\u00e9cessite une refonte radicale du concept de conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9 et de l\u2019agriculture. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Cette interd\u00e9pendance devient de plus en plus \u00e9vidente dans les discussions sur la Convention sur la diversit\u00e9 biologique (CDB), trait\u00e9 mondial qui oriente les politiques nationales et internationales en mati\u00e8re de conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Adopt\u00e9e lors du Sommet de la Terre \u00e0 Rio en 1992 et entr\u00e9e en vigueur un an plus tard, la CDB porte sur la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9, l\u2019utilisation durable des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la biodiversit\u00e9, ainsi que le partage juste et \u00e9quitable des avantages issus de l\u2019utilisation des ressources g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques.<\/p>\n

Avec des \u00e9tudes montrant<\/a> des taux d\u2019extinction des esp\u00e8ces, la CDB a fix\u00e9 20 objectifs, connus sous le nom d\u2019Objectifs d\u2019Aichi, pour guider les politiques et actions des pays en mati\u00e8re de conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9 de 2011 \u00e0 2020. Cependant, bien que la convention ait reconnu la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019une agriculture durable et l\u2019importance de prot\u00e9ger les vari\u00e9t\u00e9s v\u00e9g\u00e9tales et les races animales essentielles aux syst\u00e8mes alimentaires, les Objectifs d\u2019Aichi n\u2019ont pas suffisamment abord\u00e9 la grande biodiversit\u00e9 pouvant coexister dans les paysages agricoles, selon Dobie.<\/p>\n

En 2022, les Objectifs d\u2019Aichi ont \u00e9t\u00e9 remplac\u00e9s par le Cadre mondial de la biodiversit\u00e9 de Kumming-Montr\u00e9al, qui \u00e9tablit un lien \u00e9troit entre les syst\u00e8mes de production alimentaire et les objectifs de biodiversit\u00e9. Ce cadre encourage, entre autres, des pratiques respectueuses de la biodiversit\u00e9 dans la production alimentaire et une utilisation durable de la biodiversit\u00e9 dans les zones agricoles.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Le Cadre mondial de la biodiversit\u00e9 a fait un grand pas en avant en reconnaissant l’importance de tous les paysages, y compris les paysages agricoles, pour la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9 \u00bb, d\u00e9clare Dobie.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Un jeune gorille (Gorilla beringei) en train de manger dans une for\u00eat ougandaise. Photo de Douglas Sheil\/CIFOR-ICRAF.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Mais tandis que la convention internationale et le cadre mondial fixent des objectifs globaux, leur mise en \u0153uvre d\u00e9pend des politiques locales et nationales d\u00e9finies par chaque pays dans ses Strat\u00e9gies et Plans d\u2019action nationaux pour la biodiversit\u00e9<\/a> (SPANB). Ce plan \u00e9tablit des cibles pour atteindre ces objectifs. L\u2019une des principales t\u00e2ches des pays consiste \u00e0 examiner leurs objectifs nationaux et \u00e0 s\u2019assurer qu\u2019ils sont align\u00e9s sur les nouvelles cibles du Cadre mondial. Harmoniser leurs politiques nationales avec le cadre mondial leur permettra d’int\u00e9grer pleinement l’agriculture dans leurs actions de conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

L\u2019Ouganda est le premier pays en d\u00e9veloppement \u00e0 avoir accompli cette t\u00e2che avec succ\u00e8s, r\u00e9alisant ainsi une avanc\u00e9e majeure en mati\u00e8re de politique agroforesti\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Depuis un certain temps, l\u2019Ouganda reconna\u00eet l\u2019importance de l\u2019agroforesterie comme approche d\u2019une agriculture durable \u00bb, affirme Dobie. \u00ab Maintenant, le pays a d\u00e9sormais li\u00e9 ses objectifs en mati\u00e8re d’agroforesterie aux cibles fix\u00e9es dans le cadre des accords internationaux sur la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9. Ce faisant, elle a reconnu le potentiel d’une gestion durable des paysages agricoles pour la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9 sauvage\u00bb<\/p>\n

Sous la direction de Francis Ogwal, aujourd\u2019hui cadre sup\u00e9rieur de la planification environnementale et de la coordination \u00e0 l\u2019Autorit\u00e9 nationale de gestion de l\u2019environnement, l\u2019Ouganda a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 relever ce d\u00e9fi bien avant l\u2019\u00e9laboration du Cadre mondial.<\/p>\n

\u00ab L\u2019Ouganda a reconnu le potentiel de la gestion des paysages agricoles pour la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9 sauvage \u00bb, affirme Dobie. \u00ab Si cette initiative \u00e9tait r\u00e9pliqu\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale, elle pourrait transformer la moiti\u00e9 des terres agricoles de la plan\u00e8te en r\u00e9serves de biodiversit\u00e9 plut\u00f4t qu\u2019en d\u00e9serts de biodiversit\u00e9. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Outre ses r\u00e9formes nationales, Ogwal a jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le cl\u00e9 au sein de la CDB depuis plus de dix ans. Il a co-pr\u00e9sid\u00e9 le groupe de travail charg\u00e9 des n\u00e9gociations qui ont conduit \u00e0 l\u2019adoption du Cadre mondial. Les n\u00e9gociations pour ce cadre, qui devait remplacer les Objectifs d’Aichi en 2020, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 interrompues par la pand\u00e9mie de COVID-19, ce qui a \u00e9galement retard\u00e9 de deux ans la COP15 lors de laquelle le cadre a \u00e9t\u00e9 adopt\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Francis Ogwal a travaill\u00e9 sans rel\u00e2che en tant que co-pr\u00e9sident du groupe de n\u00e9gociation du Cadre mondial \u00bb, d\u00e9clare Dobie. \u00ab Il est un v\u00e9ritable leader mondial en mati\u00e8re de biodiversit\u00e9. \u00bb<\/p>\n

\n

REMERCIEMENTS<\/strong><\/p>\n

CIFOR-ICRAF collabore depuis longtemps avec l\u2019Ouganda dans le domaine de l\u2019agroforesterie. CIFOR-ICRAF est fier d\u2019avoir contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 la conception de la Strat\u00e9gie nationale d’agroforesterie du pays et \u00e0 la structuration de la Convention sur la diversit\u00e9 biologique (CDB), notamment en plaidant pour l\u2019int\u00e9gration compl\u00e8te des paysages agricoles dans la CDB par sa participation aux r\u00e9unions de la convention et la publication de plusieurs documents strat\u00e9giques cl\u00e9s \u00e0 des \u00e9tapes d\u00e9terminantes des n\u00e9gociations.<\/p>\n

\n

A LIRE EGALEMENT<\/strong>
\nUganda’s biodiversity plan: challenges and ambitions<\/a><\/p>\n

COP 15|Negotiating the future of biodiversity: Q&A with Francis Ogwal and Basile van Havre<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Alors que les dirigeants mondiaux se pr\u00e9parent \u00e0 se r\u00e9unir en octobre pour \u00e9valuer les progr\u00e8s r\u00e9alis\u00e9s dans la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te, l\u2019Ouganda prend les devants sur une question particuli\u00e8rement d\u00e9licate : comment rendre l\u2019agriculture et les for\u00eats compatibles ? Pr\u00e8s de la moiti\u00e9 des terres potentiellement productives de la plan\u00e8te […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":90256,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[12036,12063],"tags":[11817,11444,11423,11674],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[3160,3110,5604,11818],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[3000],"coauthors":[831],"class_list":["post-90253","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agroforesterie","category-aliments-et-regimes","tag-afrique","tag-agroforesterie","tag-biodiversite","tag-convention-sur-la-diversite-biologique","language-francais","tag-francais-afrique","tag-francais-biodiversite","tag-francais-convention-sur-la-diversite-biologique","tag-francais-ouganda","type-francais-nouvelles"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nL\u2019Ouganda en t\u00eate dans l\u2019int\u00e9gration de l\u2019agriculture et de la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9 - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/90253\/louganda-en-tete-dans-lintegration-de-lagriculture-et-de-la-conservation-de-la-biodiversite\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u2019Ouganda en t\u00eate dans l\u2019int\u00e9gration de l\u2019agriculture et de la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Alors que les dirigeants mondiaux se pr\u00e9parent \u00e0 se r\u00e9unir en octobre pour \u00e9valuer les progr\u00e8s r\u00e9alis\u00e9s dans la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te, l\u2019Ouganda prend les devants sur une question particuli\u00e8rement d\u00e9licate : comment rendre l\u2019agriculture et les for\u00eats compatibles ? 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