{"id":89795,"date":"2024-10-15T23:30:44","date_gmt":"2024-10-15T16:30:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=89795"},"modified":"2024-10-15T23:30:44","modified_gmt":"2024-10-15T16:30:44","slug":"comment-les-incitations-a-la-conservation-des-forets-introduisent-a-la-fois-des-defis-et-des-opportunites-au-perou","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/89795\/comment-les-incitations-a-la-conservation-des-forets-introduisent-a-la-fois-des-defis-et-des-opportunites-au-perou","title":{"rendered":"Comment les incitations \u00e0 la conservation des for\u00eats introduisent \u00e0 la fois des d\u00e9fis et des opportunit\u00e9s au P\u00e9rou"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le P\u00e9rou se positionne depuis longtemps comme un leader dans la mise en place d’incitations publiques pour la conservation des for\u00eats. En 2010, avec pour objectif ambitieux d’\u00e9liminer la d\u00e9forestation de ses for\u00eats tropicales, le gouvernement p\u00e9ruvien, \u00e0 travers le Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Environnement, a lanc\u00e9 le Programme National de Conservation des For\u00eats pour la Mitigation du Changement Climatique (PNCB). Ce programme visait non seulement \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les for\u00eats, mais aussi \u00e0 honorer les engagements du P\u00e9rou en mati\u00e8re de changement climatique sur la sc\u00e8ne internationale.<\/p>\n

Un m\u00e9canisme cl\u00e9 de ce programme a \u00e9t\u00e9 la mise en place d’incitations financi\u00e8res pour soutenir les communaut\u00e9s autochtones dans la pr\u00e9servation de leurs for\u00eats. Ces incitations, connues sous le nom de \u00ab Transferts Directs Conditionnels \u00bb (TDC), ont \u00e9t\u00e9 octroy\u00e9es dans des communaut\u00e9s indig\u00e8nes titulaires de titres fonciers \u00e0 travers la r\u00e9gion amazonienne du P\u00e9rou. Les fonds fournis \u00e9taient destin\u00e9s \u00e0 financer les patrouilles foresti\u00e8res, \u00e0 encourager les investissements dans les pratiques de d\u00e9veloppement durable (tels que les produits forestiers et l\u2019agroforesterie), ainsi que d’autres priorit\u00e9s d\u00e9finies par la communaut\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Cependant, pr\u00e8s de 15 ans plus tard, les taux de d\u00e9forestation au P\u00e9rou restent obstin\u00e9ment \u00e9lev\u00e9s et les objectifs initiaux de r\u00e9duction de la d\u00e9forestation n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 atteints. De plus, plusieurs communaut\u00e9s b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires des TDC ont connu des difficult\u00e9s notamment des taux d\u2019abandon et d’expulsion \u00e9lev\u00e9s, ce qui soul\u00e8ve des pr\u00e9occupations quant \u00e0 la durabilit\u00e9 \u00e0 long terme du programme.<\/p>\n

En r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 ces d\u00e9fis, l’Universit\u00e9 d’\u00c9tat du Michigan et l’Universit\u00e9 Catholique Pontificale du P\u00e9rou ont lanc\u00e9 une collaboration de recherche interdisciplinaire avec le PNCB.<\/p>\n

Cette initiative, encadr\u00e9e par un accord de travail interinstitutionnel, visait \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 une question essentielle : Comment am\u00e9liorer les Transferts Directs Conditionnels pour atteindre des objectifs de conservation et de d\u00e9veloppement \u00e0 long terme avec des mod\u00e8les reproductibles et \u00e9volutifs ?<\/p>\n

Optimiser les incitations \u00e0 la conservation pour les peuples autochtones et les communaut\u00e9s locales<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sur une p\u00e9riode de 24 mois, l\u2019\u00e9quipe de recherche a men\u00e9 des travaux de terrain dans deux r\u00e9gions amazoniennes, \u00e9valuant les pratiques de mise en \u0153uvre des TDC et recueillant les points de vue des parties prenantes cl\u00e9s, y compris des minist\u00e8res partenaires et des acteurs sous-nationaux (gouvernementaux et non-gouvernementaux). De plus, huit \u00e9tudes de cas ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9es dans des communaut\u00e9s indig\u00e8nes afin d’identifier les conditions favorisant le succ\u00e8s des TDC.<\/p>\n

Les recherches ont mis en \u00e9vidence des facteurs contextuels et relationnels importants qui influencent l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 du programme. Les r\u00e9sultats positifs, mesur\u00e9s en termes d\u2019exp\u00e9riences positives et de contrats de conservation r\u00e9alis\u00e9s, \u00e9taient souvent li\u00e9s aux avantages des patrouilles foresti\u00e8res communautaires, une exigence pour recevoir les TDC.<\/p>\n

De nombreux participants ont soulign\u00e9 l\u2019importance des donn\u00e9es g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9es par les patrouilles communautaires et partag\u00e9es par le PNCB comme un outil pr\u00e9cieux. Cependant, les exigences administratives impos\u00e9es aux membres des communaut\u00e9s \u2014 telles que la r\u00e9daction de rapports et le respect de proc\u00e9dures comptables strictes \u2014 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 per\u00e7ues comme des obstacles majeurs conduisant parfois \u00e0 la suspension des fonds dans certains cas.<\/p>\n

En s\u2019appuyant sur un ensemble vari\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9tudes de cas, la recherche met en lumi\u00e8re \u00e0 la fois les d\u00e9fis transversaux et les meilleures pratiques pour des programmes similaires bas\u00e9s sur des incitations. Les r\u00e9sultats soulignent la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019une meilleure coordination entre les communaut\u00e9s locales, les acteurs \u00e9tatiques et non \u00e9tatiques pour maximiser les impacts des investissements incitatifs.<\/p>\n

Les dix principales le\u00e7ons tir\u00e9es de ces \u00e9tudes de cas sont d\u00e9taill\u00e9es dans le rapport intitul\u00e9 Making Conservation Incentives Work for Indigenous People and Local Communities: Insights from Peru with General Recommendations<\/em><\/a>. Ce document, en libre acc\u00e8s, fait partie de la s\u00e9rie Infobrief du Centre de Recherche Foresti\u00e8re Internationale (CIFOR) et du Centre International de Recherche en Agroforesterie (ICRAF).<\/p>\n

\n

Pour plus d’informations, contactez :<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lauren T. Cooper \/\/ Michigan State University Department of Forestry \/\/ ltcooper@msu.edu<\/a><\/p>\n

Rowenn Beth Kalman \/\/ Michigan State University Department of Anthropology \/\/ kalmanr1@msu.edu<\/a><\/p>\n

Cristina Ana Miranda Beas \/\/ Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, Department of Social Sciences \/\/ c.mirandab@pucp.pe<\/a><\/p>\n

Deborah Delgado Pugley \/\/ Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, Department of Social Sciences \/\/ deborah.delgado@pucp.pe<\/a><\/p>\n

Ciro Alexander Castro Pacheco \/\/ Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, Department of Social Sciences ciro.castro@pucp.edu.pe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le P\u00e9rou se positionne depuis longtemps comme un leader dans la mise en place d’incitations publiques pour la conservation des for\u00eats. En 2010, avec pour objectif ambitieux d’\u00e9liminer la d\u00e9forestation de ses for\u00eats tropicales, le gouvernement p\u00e9ruvien, \u00e0 travers le Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Environnement, a lanc\u00e9 le Programme National de Conservation des For\u00eats pour la Mitigation […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":475,"featured_media":89797,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[11715,11791],"language":[2170],"location":[12229],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[11717],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[3000],"coauthors":[11775,11776,11777],"class_list":["post-89795","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","tag-conservation-des-forets","tag-incitations-financieres","language-francais","location-peru","tag-francais-conservation-des-forets","type-francais-nouvelles"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nComment les incitations \u00e0 la conservation des for\u00eats introduisent \u00e0 la fois des d\u00e9fis et des opportunit\u00e9s au P\u00e9rou - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/89795\/comment-les-incitations-a-la-conservation-des-forets-introduisent-a-la-fois-des-defis-et-des-opportunites-au-perou\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Comment les incitations \u00e0 la conservation des for\u00eats introduisent \u00e0 la fois des d\u00e9fis et des opportunit\u00e9s au P\u00e9rou\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le P\u00e9rou se positionne depuis longtemps comme un leader dans la mise en place d’incitations publiques pour la conservation des for\u00eats. 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