{"id":88041,"date":"2024-06-01T07:57:03","date_gmt":"2024-06-01T00:57:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=88041"},"modified":"2024-06-01T07:57:03","modified_gmt":"2024-06-01T00:57:03","slug":"lagroforesterie-a-base-de-palmier-a-huile-une-opportunite-pour-les-petits-exploitants-de-lamazonie-bresilienne","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/88041\/lagroforesterie-a-base-de-palmier-a-huile-une-opportunite-pour-les-petits-exploitants-de-lamazonie-bresilienne","title":{"rendered":"L’agroforesterie \u00e0 base de palmier \u00e0 huile : Une opportunit\u00e9 pour les petits exploitants de l’Amazonie br\u00e9silienne ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le palmier \u00e0 huile peut-il \u00eatre cultiv\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 profiter \u00e0 l’environnement et \u00e0 soutenir les moyens de subsistance des petits exploitants agricoles ? C’est la question pos\u00e9e par une r\u00e9cente \u00e9tude<\/a> men\u00e9e par des chercheurs du Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale et du Centre International de Recherche en agroforesterie (CIFOR-ICRAF) et des institutions partenaires.<\/p>\n

Les chercheurs ont enqu\u00eat\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s de 198 petits exploitants s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s au hasard dans l’\u00c9tat de Par\u00e1, \u00e0 Tom\u00e9-A\u00e7u, au Br\u00e9sil, afin de comprendre comment l\u2019agroforesterie \u00e0 base de palmier \u00e0 huile pourrait am\u00e9liorer les moyens de subsistance des petits exploitants. Ils ont constat\u00e9 que la plupart des agriculteurs interrog\u00e9s utilisaient une large gamme de strat\u00e9gies d’utilisation des terres et de moyens de subsistance en formant des mosa\u00efques de syst\u00e8mes agroforestiers aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de champs de cultures de rente telles que le poivre noir, le cacao, l’a\u00e7a\u00ef, le fruit de la passion, le manioc et les cultures vivri\u00e8res, nich\u00e9s parmi des parcelles de for\u00eat en r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration et conserv\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Cependant, peu avaient choisi de planter des palmiers \u00e0 huile malgr\u00e9 leur tr\u00e8s fort potentiel pour fournir des revenus et un march\u00e9 garanti. Bien que les moulins \u00e0 huile de palme au Br\u00e9sil offrent des contrats de 25 ans incluant des intrants, une assistance technique et des financements, la plupart des petits agriculteurs de la r\u00e9gion semblent r\u00e9ticents \u00e0 investir une grande partie de leurs terres et de leur travail dans une seule culture qu’ils consid\u00e8rent comme appauvrissant les sols et concurren\u00e7ant d’autres cultures.<\/p>\n

Les chercheurs ont d\u00e9couvert que si l’agroforesterie et le palmier \u00e0 huile peuvent toutes deux conduire \u00e0 la r\u00e9ussite \u00e9conomique (par rapport aux normes de vie locales moyennes), la majorit\u00e9 des agriculteurs pr\u00e9f\u00e8rent \u00e9tendre leurs agrofor\u00eats que de planter des palmiers \u00e0 huile. Bien que l’agriculture familiale soit largement reconnue \u2013 au Br\u00e9sil et dans les tropiques \u2013 pour sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 s’adapter \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents contextes et \u00e0 relever des d\u00e9fis changeants gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ses diverses strat\u00e9gies de subsistance, le mod\u00e8le \u00e9conomique et le package technologique requis par les moulins dans ce contexte excluent souvent les familles du march\u00e9 lucratif de l’huile de palme. Les moyens de subsistance et les strat\u00e9gies d’utilisation des terres des petits exploitants sont radicalement diff\u00e9rents des syst\u00e8mes homog\u00e8nes de production industrielle de palmiers \u00e0 huile qui ont domin\u00e9 le paysage jusqu’\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent.<\/p>\n

Les chercheurs ont explor\u00e9 la possibilit\u00e9 de cultiver des palmiers \u00e0 huile en intercalaire avec des syst\u00e8mes agroforestiers, ce qui pourrait rendre cette culture plus attrayante pour les agriculteurs. Ils ont conclu que l’adoption plus large du palmier \u00e0 huile n\u00e9cessiterait probablement d’adapter les syst\u00e8mes de production et les accords avec les moulins pour refl\u00e9ter les objectifs des agriculteurs et leurs diverses strat\u00e9gies de subsistance. Bien que de nombreux agriculteurs interrog\u00e9s aient jug\u00e9 l’agroforesterie \u00e0 base de palmier \u00e0 huile comme une alternative prometteuse aux plantations industrielles conventionnelles, une adoption plus large des syst\u00e8mes mixtes n\u00e9cessite de permettre aux agriculteurs d’opter pour des tailles de plantation plus petites selon leurs contraintes de travail et de terre, tout en r\u00e9pondant aux pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences pour les cultures et les syst\u00e8mes agricoles qui r\u00e9pondent \u00e0 leurs objectifs et s’int\u00e8grent dans leurs strat\u00e9gies d’utilisation des terres plus larges.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations sur ce sujet, veuillez contacter Andrew Miccolis : A.Miccolis@cifor-icraf.org<\/a> ou Daniel Palma Perez Braga : daniel.braga@ufpa.br<\/a><\/p>\n

…<\/p>\n

Remerciements<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cette \u00e9tude fait partie d’une recherche plus large men\u00e9e par le Centre International de Recherche en Agroforesterie (ICRAF) dans le cadre du projet SAF Dende, une alliance entre ICRAF, Natura Innovation and Product Technology Ltda., CAMTA (Coop\u00e9rative agricole mixte de Tom\u00e9 A\u00e7u) et EMBRAPA (Entreprise br\u00e9silienne de recherche agricole et d’\u00e9levage), avec le financement de l’USAID.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le palmier \u00e0 huile peut-il \u00eatre cultiv\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 profiter \u00e0 l’environnement et \u00e0 soutenir les moyens de subsistance des petits exploitants agricoles ? C’est la question pos\u00e9e par une r\u00e9cente \u00e9tude men\u00e9e par des chercheurs du Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale et du Centre International de Recherche en agroforesterie (CIFOR-ICRAF) et des institutions […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":501,"featured_media":88042,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[11678],"language":[2170],"location":[12233],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[3171,3157,11679],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[11384],"class_list":["post-88041","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","tag-palmier-a-huile","language-francais","location-brazil","tag-francais-agroforesterie","tag-francais-palmier-a-huile","tag-francais-petits-exploitants-agricoles"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nL'agroforesterie \u00e0 base de palmier \u00e0 huile : Une opportunit\u00e9 pour les petits exploitants de l'Amazonie br\u00e9silienne ? - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/88041\/lagroforesterie-a-base-de-palmier-a-huile-une-opportunite-pour-les-petits-exploitants-de-lamazonie-bresilienne\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L'agroforesterie \u00e0 base de palmier \u00e0 huile : Une opportunit\u00e9 pour les petits exploitants de l'Amazonie br\u00e9silienne ?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le palmier \u00e0 huile peut-il \u00eatre cultiv\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 profiter \u00e0 l’environnement et \u00e0 soutenir les moyens de subsistance des petits exploitants agricoles ? 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