{"id":85772,"date":"2023-12-29T14:50:42","date_gmt":"2023-12-29T07:50:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=85772"},"modified":"2023-12-29T14:50:42","modified_gmt":"2023-12-29T07:50:42","slug":"comment-la-rdc-peut-elle-reduire-ses-emissions-de-co2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/85772\/comment-la-rdc-peut-elle-reduire-ses-emissions-de-co2","title":{"rendered":"Comment la RDC peut-elle r\u00e9duire ses \u00e9missions de CO2 ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

La R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC) abrite plus de la moiti\u00e9 des riches esp\u00e8ces des for\u00eats du bassin du Congo et la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande \u00e9tendue contigu\u00eb de for\u00eat tropicale au monde. Compte tenu du r\u00f4le vital des for\u00eats de la RDC dans le maintien de l\u2019\u00e9quilibre de l\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me mondial, la r\u00e9duction de la d\u00e9forestation et de la d\u00e9gradation de ces for\u00eats rev\u00eat une importance capitale.<\/p>\n

Le 17 octobre 2023, l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Kinshasa<\/a> (UNIKIN) , le Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale et le Centre international de recherche en agroforesterie (CIFOR-ICRAF<\/a>) ont organis\u00e9 un dialogue scientifique et politique sur le m\u00e9canisme d\u2019att\u00e9nuation et d\u2019adaptation des effets du changement climatique de l\u2019ONU, plus connu sous l’appellation R\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions r\u00e9sultant du d\u00e9boisement et de la d\u00e9gradation des for\u00eats dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement; et r\u00f4le de la pr\u00e9servation et de la gestion durable des for\u00eats et du renforcement des stocks de carbone forestiers dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement (REDD+). <\/em>Cette r\u00e9union en hybride a rassembl\u00e9 des universitaires, des chercheurs, des fonctionnaires du gouvernement, des donateurs, des acteurs de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile, des jeunes, des repr\u00e9sentants du secteur priv\u00e9 et d\u2019autres parties prenantes.<\/p>\n

\u00ab La priorit\u00e9 pour la RDC est de sauver et restaurer les for\u00eats tropicales pour lutter contre l’ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et la pauvret\u00e9 \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 M. Junior Tshiteya, expert en \u00e9conomie du climat et d\u00e9veloppement durable. De formidables opportunit\u00e9s en d\u00e9coulent. \u00ab La lutte contre le changement climatique ne doit pas \u00eatre men\u00e9e par charit\u00e9 ou par obligation, mais doit au contraire \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme une opportunit\u00e9 d\u2019innover, de transformer et de changer de paradigme \u00e9conomique \u00bb, a-t-il ajout\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Tshiteya a en outre affirm\u00e9 qu\u2019il n\u2019est pas possible de mener \u00e0 bien une quelconque activit\u00e9 en faveur du climat, qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse de sensibiliser une communaut\u00e9, d\u2019\u00e9duquer les jeunes, ou de g\u00e9rer une p\u00e9pini\u00e8re, sans y mettre les moyens financiers n\u00e9cessaires. \u00ab \u00c0 cet \u00e9gard, la cr\u00e9ation de richesses est un facteur d\u00e9terminant pour mener des actions en faveur du climat \u00bb, a-t-il poursuivi. \u00ab Si vous ne cr\u00e9ez pas de richesses, vous n\u2019avez pas les moyens de faire quoi que ce soit \u00bb. Il a en outre expos\u00e9 un nouveau paradigme \u00e9conomique ax\u00e9 sur la transformation des \u00e9conomies locales pour renforcer leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions, \u00e0 s\u2019adapter et \u00e0 \u00eatre plus r\u00e9silientes.<\/p>\n

La taxe carbone pass\u00e9e aux rayons X<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dans une tentative visant \u00e0 freiner la hausse de la d\u00e9forestation en RDC s\u2019\u00e9levant \u00e0 plus d’un million d\u2019hectares par an depuis 2016<\/a> ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 atteindre la neutralit\u00e9 carbone d’ici 2050, le gouvernement du pays a instaur\u00e9 une taxe carbone, une premi\u00e8re dans le bassin du Congo.<\/p>\n

Claude Boyoo Itaka, doctorant et assistant au D\u00e9partement des relations internationales de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Kinshasa, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que la taxe \u00e0 venir, bien qu\u2019elle soit opportune, est sujette \u00e0 controverses puisqu\u2019elle viendrait s\u2019ajouter \u00e0 la taxe sur la pollution d\u00e9j\u00e0 en place. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile dit ne pas avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 consult\u00e9e et le secteur priv\u00e9 craint une double taxe, a-t-il rapport\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u00ab La taxe carbone est une mesure justifi\u00e9e en principe, mais elle soul\u00e8ve des inqui\u00e9tudes concernant son application. Par exemple, comment seront tax\u00e9es les activit\u00e9s informelles du secteur comme l\u2019agriculture de subsistance qui repr\u00e9sente 92,2 % de la d\u00e9forestation recens\u00e9e entre 2000 et 2014<\/a> ? \u00bb<\/p>\n

D\u2019apr\u00e8s lui, cette action pourrait se r\u00e9v\u00e9ler contreproductive \u00e0 long terme, car une taxe carbone sur les combustibles fossiles entra\u00eenerait in\u00e9vitablement une hausse du prix des produits du p\u00e9trole avec pour cons\u00e9quence une d\u00e9pendance redoubl\u00e9e des communaut\u00e9s locales envers d\u2019autres sources d\u2019\u00e9nergie comme le bois. Il sugg\u00e8re de se lib\u00e9rer de ce casse-t\u00eate en visant sp\u00e9cifiquement les secteurs op\u00e9rationnels qui font preuve d’une grande efficience sur le plan \u00e9cologique, mais ne pr\u00eatent pas attention aux questions sociales ainsi qu\u2019en clarifiant les exemptions et les secteurs pilotes avant d\u2019en faire une g\u00e9n\u00e9ralisation.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Partage des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices, comme pr\u00e9conis\u00e9 par la science<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lors de sa pr\u00e9sentation sur le partage des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices de la REDD+, M. F\u00e9licien Kengoum, chercheur et doctorant \u00e0 l\u2019International Forest Policy Research Group<\/a> \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Helsinki, a pr\u00e9cis\u00e9 que cette notion reste en cours de construction en RDC. D\u2019apr\u00e8s lui, les co\u00fbts d\u2019opportunit\u00e9 sont actuellement n\u00e9glig\u00e9s tandis que l\u2019accent est mis sur les co\u00fbts op\u00e9rationnels au niveau des projets. Le risque de fuites lors de la d\u00e9finition des co\u00fbts op\u00e9rationnels peut \u00eatre sur\u00e9valu\u00e9 par les responsables de la mise en place du projet pour soustraire une partie des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices.<\/p>\n

Mme Stibniati Atmadja, chercheure au CIFOR, pr\u00e9cise qu\u2019entre 2020 et 2021, une hausse des aides publiques au d\u00e9veloppement de la REDD+ a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e en RDC ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle internationale. En RDC, sur les 139 millions de dollars allou\u00e9s entre 2010 et 2021, environ 71 % de cette somme a v\u00e9ritablement \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9bours\u00e9e. Ce taux de d\u00e9boursement est beaucoup plus bas pour certains acteurs comme les banques multilat\u00e9rales et les instances gouvernementales. Bezos Earth Fund<\/a> est un nouveau donateur majeure dans le pays, rivalisant avec les donateurs historiques comme la Norv\u00e8ge.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Le financement priv\u00e9 commence \u00e0 prendre une place importante dans le domaine de la REDD+ en RDC gr\u00e2ce aux aides publiques au d\u00e9veloppement ainsi qu\u2019au march\u00e9 volontaire du carbone \u00bb, a pr\u00e9cis\u00e9 Mme Atmadja. Elle a ajout\u00e9 que deux grands projets dans les provinces de l\u2019\u00c9quateur et du Sankuru<\/a>, s\u2019\u00e9tendant chacun sur plus d’un million d\u2019hectares, sont en passe de faire leur entr\u00e9e dans les march\u00e9s volontaires du carbone. L\u2019ampleur de ces projets est source de pr\u00e9occupations pour les habitants de ces r\u00e9gions et les gouvernements locaux qui ne jouent aucun r\u00f4le d\u00e9terminant dans leur d\u00e9veloppement et leur mise en \u0153uvre.<\/p>\n

Plusieurs pr\u00e9sentateurs ont mentionn\u00e9 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d’une action concert\u00e9e entre les universitaires et les d\u00e9cideurs politiques au b\u00e9n\u00e9fice des for\u00eats et des habitants menac\u00e9s de RDC. M. Prince Baraka, charg\u00e9 de programme for\u00eats et climat \u00e0 l\u2019Ambassade de Norv\u00e8ge en RDC, estime que les scientifiques ont un r\u00f4le essentiel \u00e0 jouer pour collecter et traiter les donn\u00e9es, engranger des savoirs et \u00e9laborer des recommandations bas\u00e9es sur des preuves scientifiques pour orienter les d\u00e9cideurs politiques.<\/p>\n

Il a \u00e9galement soulign\u00e9 que la RDC a entrepris des actions majeures pour prot\u00e9ger l\u2019environnement dans une perspective de croissance \u00e0 faible d\u00e9forestation, y compris en transmettant sa contribution d\u00e9termin\u00e9e au niveau national (CDN) au titre de l\u2019Accord de Paris, ainsi qu\u2019en signant sa deuxi\u00e8me lettre d’intention avec l\u2019Initiative pour la For\u00eat de l\u2019Afrique centrale (CAFI).<\/p>\n

\u00ab Toutes ces r\u00e9formes doivent \u00eatre \u00e9tay\u00e9es par des savoirs fond\u00e9s sur la recherche scientifique, en accord avec la protection de la biodiversit\u00e9 \u00bb, a-t-il conclu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC) abrite plus de la moiti\u00e9 des riches esp\u00e8ces des for\u00eats du bassin du Congo et la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande \u00e9tendue contigu\u00eb de for\u00eat tropicale au monde. Compte tenu du r\u00f4le vital des for\u00eats de la RDC dans le maintien de l\u2019\u00e9quilibre de l\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me mondial, la r\u00e9duction de la d\u00e9forestation […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":470,"featured_media":85773,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[11263,1195],"language":[2170],"location":[12246,12220,12258],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[7528,3909,7937,6228],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[11146],"class_list":["post-85772","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","tag-etude-comparative-globale-redd","tag-gcs-redd","language-francais","location-africa","location-congo-basin","location-democratic-republic-of-congo","tag-francais-changement-climatique","tag-francais-etude-comparative-mondiale-sur-la-redd","tag-francais-gcs-redd","tag-francais-objectifs-de-reduction-des-emissions"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nComment la RDC peut-elle r\u00e9duire ses \u00e9missions de CO2 ? - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/85772\/comment-la-rdc-peut-elle-reduire-ses-emissions-de-co2\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Comment la RDC peut-elle r\u00e9duire ses \u00e9missions de CO2 ?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC) abrite plus de la moiti\u00e9 des riches esp\u00e8ces des for\u00eats du bassin du Congo et la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande \u00e9tendue contigu\u00eb de for\u00eat tropicale au monde. Compte tenu du r\u00f4le vital des for\u00eats de la RDC dans le maintien de l\u2019\u00e9quilibre de l\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me mondial, la r\u00e9duction de la d\u00e9forestation […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/85772\/comment-la-rdc-peut-elle-reduire-ses-emissions-de-co2\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-12-29T07:50:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/DRC-science-dialogue_1.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"799\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"415\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Amindeh Blaise\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/85772\\\/comment-la-rdc-peut-elle-reduire-ses-emissions-de-co2#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/85772\\\/comment-la-rdc-peut-elle-reduire-ses-emissions-de-co2\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Amindeh Blaise\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/126ea055449c3ebcaf7ab797ffaef46e\"},\"headline\":\"Comment la RDC peut-elle r\u00e9duire ses \u00e9missions de CO2 ?\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-12-29T07:50:42+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/85772\\\/comment-la-rdc-peut-elle-reduire-ses-emissions-de-co2\"},\"wordCount\":1244,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/85772\\\/comment-la-rdc-peut-elle-reduire-ses-emissions-de-co2#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/12\\\/DRC-science-dialogue_1.webp\",\"keywords\":[\"Etude comparative globale REDD+\",\"GCS-REDD\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Forests News\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"copyrightYear\":\"2023\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/85772\\\/comment-la-rdc-peut-elle-reduire-ses-emissions-de-co2\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/85772\\\/comment-la-rdc-peut-elle-reduire-ses-emissions-de-co2\",\"name\":\"Comment la RDC peut-elle r\u00e9duire ses \u00e9missions de CO2 ? - Landscape Alliance Forests News\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/85772\\\/comment-la-rdc-peut-elle-reduire-ses-emissions-de-co2#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/85772\\\/comment-la-rdc-peut-elle-reduire-ses-emissions-de-co2#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/12\\\/DRC-science-dialogue_1.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-12-29T07:50:42+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/85772\\\/comment-la-rdc-peut-elle-reduire-ses-emissions-de-co2#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/85772\\\/comment-la-rdc-peut-elle-reduire-ses-emissions-de-co2\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/85772\\\/comment-la-rdc-peut-elle-reduire-ses-emissions-de-co2#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/12\\\/DRC-science-dialogue_1.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/12\\\/DRC-science-dialogue_1.webp\",\"width\":799,\"height\":415,\"caption\":\"Un membre de la communaut\u00e9 plante un jeune avocatier \u00e0 Yanonge, en RDC. 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