{"id":85036,"date":"2023-11-27T18:58:29","date_gmt":"2023-11-27T11:58:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=85036"},"modified":"2025-09-08T11:05:44","modified_gmt":"2025-09-08T04:05:44","slug":"que-se-passe-t-il-lorsque-les-financements-destines-a-la-conservation-sarretent","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/85036\/que-se-passe-t-il-lorsque-les-financements-destines-a-la-conservation-sarretent","title":{"rendered":"Que se passe-t-il lorsque les financements destin\u00e9s \u00e0 la conservation s\u2019arr\u00eatent ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Les financements consacr\u00e9s \u00e0 la conservation, mieux connus sous le terme de paiements pour services environnementaux (PSE), sont un instrument fr\u00e9quemment utilis\u00e9 pour agir contre la d\u00e9forestation et pr\u00e9server les for\u00eats tropicales.<\/p>\n

Le principe consiste \u00e0 verser une indemnisation, financi\u00e8re ou en nature, aux gestionnaires des terres en contrepartie d\u2019un soutien actif en faveur de la conservation des for\u00eats. L\u2019objectif recherch\u00e9 est la sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 de la rentabilit\u00e9 des for\u00eats sur pied par rapport \u00e0 une coupe rase. Le paiement destin\u00e9 \u00e0 conserver la for\u00eat doit par cons\u00e9quent \u00eatre plus important que le co\u00fbt d\u2019opportunit\u00e9 d\u2019une d\u00e9forestation \u00e9vit\u00e9e, c.-\u00e0-d. le montant des profits auxquels ont renonc\u00e9 des secteurs \u00e9conomiquement tributaires du d\u00e9boisement (par exemple la culture sur br\u00fblis et l\u2019\u00e9levage intensif de b\u00e9tail).<\/p>\n

La plupart des \u00e9valuations men\u00e9es sur l\u2019impact des PSE indiquent divers degr\u00e9s de r\u00e9ussite dans la r\u00e9alisation de cet objectif. Mais l\u2019on dispose de peu d\u2019informations sur la permanence de ces r\u00e9sultats apr\u00e8s l\u2019arr\u00eat des paiements.<\/p>\n

Le pr\u00e9sent infobrief <\/a>condense les principales conclusions de notre \u00e9valuation des impacts d\u2019un projet REDD+ (R\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions li\u00e9es \u00e0 la d\u00e9forestation et la d\u00e9gradation des for\u00eats, et \u00e0 l’am\u00e9lioration des stocks de carbone) dans lequel de petits exploitants de l\u2019Amazonie br\u00e9silienne ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s pour r\u00e9duire la d\u00e9forestation. Notre premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape pour combler le manque de connaissances sur la permanence des effets, une fois le projet termin\u00e9, a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019examiner attentivement dans quelle mesure les r\u00e9sultats obtenus ont perdur\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Pour commencer notre analyse, nous avons formul\u00e9 l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se (voir paragraphe suivant) de quatre sc\u00e9narios concernant la permanence des r\u00e9sultats de conservation de la for\u00eat, cons\u00e9cutifs aux PSE. Tous les sc\u00e9narios partaient du m\u00eame postulat de base, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire la r\u00e9duction effective de la d\u00e9forestation gr\u00e2ce aux PSE, mais leur suite diff\u00e9rente apr\u00e8s l\u2019arr\u00eat des versements illustrait les quatre degr\u00e9s de permanence, class\u00e9s du plus optimiste au plus pessimiste.<\/p>\n

Sc\u00e9nario 1 :<\/strong> Permanence de la r\u00e9duction de la d\u00e9forestation : le faible niveau de d\u00e9forestation se maintient apr\u00e8s la fin des versements.<\/p>\n

Sc\u00e9nario 2 :<\/strong> Pr\u00e9servation des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices de la conservation : la d\u00e9forestation reprend, mais sans oblit\u00e9rer la d\u00e9forestation \u00e9vit\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Sc\u00e9nario 3 :<\/strong> Permanence \u00e0 r\u00e9sultat nul : les taux de d\u00e9forestation remontent jusqu\u2019\u00e0 \u00ab rattraper \u00bb leur niveau initial.<\/p>\n

Sc\u00e9nario 4 :<\/strong> Permanence n\u00e9gative : la d\u00e9forestation est plus forte sur le long terme et produit des effets n\u00e9fastes sur la conservation.<\/p>\n

Les r\u00e9sultats de notre \u00e9valuation des impacts des PSE de la REDD+ sur le terrain se rapprochent le plus du sc\u00e9nario 2. D\u2019apr\u00e8s nos estimations, les PSE ont permis de pr\u00e9server 7,8 % en moyenne du couvert forestier par propri\u00e9t\u00e9, mais uniquement pendant la dur\u00e9e des paiements. Une fois les versements termin\u00e9s, les anciens participants ont repris leurs activit\u00e9s de d\u00e9forestation, mais \u00e0 un rythme qui n\u2019annulait pas les r\u00e9sultats de conservation obtenus. Autrement dit, si la r\u00e9duction de la d\u00e9forestation n\u2019a pas perdur\u00e9, le b\u00e9n\u00e9fice de conservation des PSE a tout de m\u00eame \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9serv\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Le premier enseignement pour les donateurs et les porteurs de projets de PSE pourrait \u00eatre que \u00ab l\u2019on n\u2019en a que pour son argent, et tant qu\u2019on paie \u00bb. Les programmes PSE d\u00e9finis sur le long terme se r\u00e9v\u00e8lent donc pr\u00e9f\u00e9rables puisqu\u2019ils permettent de r\u00e9duire la d\u00e9forestation sur une plus longue p\u00e9riode.<\/p>\n

N\u00e9anmoins, m\u00eame les PSE temporaires que nous avons \u00e9valu\u00e9s pr\u00e9sentaient une certaine permanence, par exemple certains b\u00e9n\u00e9fices de conservation de la for\u00eat obtenus pendant les versements se sont maintenus apr\u00e8s la fin du projet.<\/p>\n

Par cons\u00e9quent, si les PSE n\u2019ont pas mis un terme \u00e0 la d\u00e9forestation, ils ont toutefois permis d\u2019ouvrir une parenth\u00e8se salutaire pendant, et apr\u00e8s la fin de l\u2019intervention, pour prot\u00e9ger les for\u00eats qui att\u00e9nuent le changement climatique entre autres avantages.<\/p>\n

……….<\/p>\n

Les pr\u00e9sents travaux ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par le Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale dans le cadre de <\/em>l\u2019\u00c9tude comparative mondiale sur la REDD+<\/em><\/a>. Les partenaires financiers qui ont soutenu ces travaux incluent l\u2019agence norv\u00e9gienne de coop\u00e9ration pour le d\u00e9veloppement (Norad), l\u2019Initiative internationale pour le climat (IKI) du minist\u00e8re f\u00e9d\u00e9ral allemand de l’Environnement, de la Protection de la Nature et de la S\u00fbret\u00e9 nucl\u00e9aire (BMU), et le Programme de recherche du CGIAR sur les for\u00eats, les arbres et l\u2019agroforesterie (CRP-FTA), avec un soutien financier des donateurs du Fonds du CGIAR.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les financements consacr\u00e9s \u00e0 la conservation, mieux connus sous le terme de paiements pour services environnementaux (PSE), sont un instrument fr\u00e9quemment utilis\u00e9 pour agir contre la d\u00e9forestation et pr\u00e9server les for\u00eats tropicales. Le principe consiste \u00e0 verser une indemnisation, financi\u00e8re ou en nature, aux gestionnaires des terres en contrepartie d\u2019un soutien actif en faveur de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":505,"featured_media":85031,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[12040,12056],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[12233],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[2962,3192,3197,3196],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[11433],"class_list":["post-85036","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-changement-climatique-et-energetique","category-paysages","language-francais","location-brazil","tag-francais-conservation","tag-francais-paiements-pour-services-environnementaux","tag-francais-pse","tag-francais-redd"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nQue se passe-t-il lorsque les financements destin\u00e9s \u00e0 la conservation s\u2019arr\u00eatent ? - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/85036\/que-se-passe-t-il-lorsque-les-financements-destines-a-la-conservation-sarretent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Que se passe-t-il lorsque les financements destin\u00e9s \u00e0 la conservation s\u2019arr\u00eatent ?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les financements consacr\u00e9s \u00e0 la conservation, mieux connus sous le terme de paiements pour services environnementaux (PSE), sont un instrument fr\u00e9quemment utilis\u00e9 pour agir contre la d\u00e9forestation et pr\u00e9server les for\u00eats tropicales. 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