{"id":84700,"date":"2023-10-28T08:42:59","date_gmt":"2023-10-28T01:42:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=84700"},"modified":"2023-10-30T10:56:19","modified_gmt":"2023-10-30T03:56:19","slug":"cinq-raisons-pour-lesquelles-les-arbres-sont-une-solution-a-la-crise-climatique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/84700\/cinq-raisons-pour-lesquelles-les-arbres-sont-une-solution-a-la-crise-climatique","title":{"rendered":"Cinq raisons pour lesquelles les arbres sont une solution \u00e0 la crise climatique"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Alors que la 28<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> conf\u00e9rence des Nations unies sur le climat (COP28) approche et que les pays se pr\u00e9parent \u00e0 \u00e9valuer les progr\u00e8s r\u00e9alis\u00e9s dans la r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions depuis l&rsquo;adoption de l&rsquo;Accord de Paris \u00e0 travers le premier Bilan mondial, les mesures visant \u00e0 att\u00e9nuer l&rsquo;avanc\u00e9e et les impacts du changement climatique sont sous les projecteurs.<\/p>\n<p>Ces mesures sont vari\u00e9es et touchent de nombreux aspects de notre vie quotidienne, tels que l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie renouvelable, les transports durables, des r\u00e9gimes et syst\u00e8mes alimentaires plus respectueux du climat.<\/p>\n<p>Cependant, l&rsquo;une des solutions les plus importantes se trouve souvent \u00e0 port\u00e9e de vue. Cet arbre plant\u00e9 derri\u00e8re votre fen\u00eatre ? En moyenne, il stocke environ <a href=\"https:\/\/www.usda.gov\/media\/blog\/2015\/03\/17\/power-one-tree-very-air-we-breathe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">21 kilogrammes<\/a> (48 livres) de dioxyde de carbone et lib\u00e8re de l&rsquo;oxyg\u00e8ne en \u00e9change.<\/p>\n<p>Voici cinq raisons pour lesquelles les arbres doivent \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme une partie essentielle de la solution \u00e0 la crise climatique.<\/p>\n<style>\n.nomor{float:left;width:26px;height:26px;border-radius:13px;background:#333;color:#f3f3f3;font-size:12px;padding-left:10px;padding-top:0px;margin-right:10px;font-weight:700}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"nomor\">\n1\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Il est n\u00e9cessaire d&rsquo;aller au-del\u00e0 de z\u00e9ro \u00e9mission nette &#8211; et les arbres peuvent aider<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Atteindre z\u00e9ro \u00e9mission nette (o\u00f9 les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre sont r\u00e9duites \u00e0 un niveau aussi proche que possible de z\u00e9ro, et les \u00e9missions r\u00e9siduelles dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re sont r\u00e9absorb\u00e9es) est un objectif majeur dans les n\u00e9gociations actuelles sur le climat.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Mais z\u00e9ro \u00e9mission nette ne suffit pas \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Anja Gassner, Directrice pour l&rsquo;Europe du Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale et du Centre International de Recherche en agroforesterie (CIFOR-ICRAF), lors d&rsquo;un <a href=\"https:\/\/events.globallandscapesforum.org\/nairobi-2023\/media-seminar\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">s\u00e9minaire avec les media <\/a> en octobre dernier. \u00ab Nous ne devons pas seulement ralentir la quantit\u00e9 d&rsquo;\u00e9missions que nous rel\u00e2chons effectivement dans l&rsquo;atmosph\u00e8re. Mais nous devons activement faire baisser le dioxyde de carbone. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Les arbres sont dou\u00e9s pour cela. Pour survivre et cro\u00eetre, ils capturent le carbone de l&rsquo;atmosph\u00e8re dans leurs troncs et leurs racines. Ils am\u00e9liorent \u00e9galement la fonctionnalit\u00e9 du sol dans lequel ils se trouvent, ce qui signifie qu&rsquo;ils peuvent stocker plus de carbone pendant des p\u00e9riodes plus longues \u00e9galement.<\/p>\n<div class=\"nomor\">\n2\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Les arbres peuvent am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et nutritionnelle des communaut\u00e9s vuln\u00e9rables au climat<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/news\/feature\/2022\/10\/17\/what-you-need-to-know-about-food-security-and-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">consid\u00e9rablement augment\u00e9<\/a> ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, et les conditions m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques inhabituelles et impr\u00e9visibles en sont un facteur cl\u00e9, en particulier pour les petits agriculteurs et les agriculteurs de subsistance du monde entier. En l&rsquo;absence de solutions durables, la diminution des rendements agricoles poussera davantage de personnes dans la pauvret\u00e9 &#8211; rien qu&rsquo;en Afrique, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/news\/feature\/2022\/10\/17\/what-you-need-to-know-about-food-security-and-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">environ 43 millions de personnes<\/a> pourraient tomber sous le seuil de pauvret\u00e9 d&rsquo;ici 2030.<\/p>\n<p>Les arbres peuvent aussi aider dans ce domaine. Les recherches du CIFOR-ICRAF montrent que les for\u00eats, les arbres et l&rsquo;agroforesterie <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cifor.org\/knowledge\/publication\/8006\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">jouent des r\u00f4les cl\u00e9s &#8211; souvent sous-estim\u00e9s<\/a> &#8211; dans le soutien \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et \u00e0 la nutrition.<\/p>\n<p>Ces r\u00f4les comprennent la contribution aux revenus et \u00e0 l&#8217;emploi, l&rsquo;augmentation de la diversit\u00e9 alimentaire, la fourniture de bio\u00e9nergie (sous forme de bois de chauffage et\/ou de charbon de bois) pour la cuisson et l&rsquo;\u00e9bullition de l&rsquo;eau, ainsi que la fourniture de services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques essentiels pour l&rsquo;agriculture et la production alimentaire, tels que le maintien de la fonctionnalit\u00e9 des bassins versants et l&rsquo;am\u00e9lioration de la sant\u00e9 et de la fertilit\u00e9 du sol.<\/p>\n<div class=\"nomor\">\n3\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Il existe de nombreux endroits o\u00f9 nous pouvons planter plus d&rsquo;arbres<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Beaucoup d&rsquo;entre nous sont conscients de l&rsquo;importance de pr\u00e9server les for\u00eats primaires intactes, qui abritent souvent une biodiversit\u00e9 unique et d&rsquo;importantes r\u00e9serves de carbone.<\/p>\n<p>Cependant, planter et pr\u00e9server des arbres dans les paysages agricoles est \u00e9galement extr\u00eamement b\u00e9n\u00e9fique pour la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9, comme le souligne et promeut le projet <a href=\"https:\/\/treesonfarmsforbiodiversity.com\/about-trees-on-farms\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Trees on Farms<\/a> (TonF), tout en maintenant les services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques qui retiennent le carbone dans le sol.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;agroforesterie offre une approche convaincante pour r\u00e9pondre aux besoins de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, de moyens de subsistance et d&rsquo;att\u00e9nuation du changement climatique, en stockant en moyenne <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cifor-icraf.org\/climate-resilience\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">8,4 tonnes de carbone<\/a> par hectare par an. Pendant ce temps, \u00ab m\u00eame de petites augmentations incr\u00e9mentielles de la couverture foresti\u00e8re mondiale sur les terres agricoles pourraient offrir un r\u00e9pit \u00e0 court terme \u00e0 l&rsquo;accumulation de carbone dans l&rsquo;atmosph\u00e8re, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiant aux moyens de subsistance des petits agriculteurs, \u00e0 la biodiversit\u00e9, aux \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes et aux services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques \u00bb, selon <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cifor-icraf.org\/press\/press-release\/new-study-details-carbon-capture-potential-of-agroforestry-and-trees-on-farms\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">une \u00e9tude<\/a> internationale pluridisciplinaire publi\u00e9e en 2022.<\/p>\n<div class=\"nomor\">\n4\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Planter et prot\u00e9ger les arbres a du sens sur le plan financier<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>R\u00e9parer les d\u00e9g\u00e2ts caus\u00e9s par le changement climatique co\u00fbte extr\u00eamement cher et cela ne fera qu&rsquo;augmenter, comme le savent d\u00e9j\u00e0 les gouvernements du monde entier. Dans ce contexte, investir dans les arbres, les for\u00eats et l&rsquo;agroforesterie est une d\u00e9cision financi\u00e8re avis\u00e9e. Par exemple, l&rsquo;investissement de 800 millions de dollars r\u00e9alis\u00e9 par <a href=\"https:\/\/www.foreststreesagroforestry.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">le Programme de recherche CGIAR sur les for\u00eats, les arbres et l&rsquo;agroforesterie<\/a> (FTA) sur dix ans entre 2011 et 2021 a rapport\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 240 milliards de dollars en termes de retours \u00e9conomiques et de pertes \u00e9vit\u00e9es. Cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 possible en renfor\u00e7ant la protection des for\u00eats, en restaurant les terres d\u00e9grad\u00e9es, en am\u00e9liorant la gestion et en contribuant \u00e0 accro\u00eetre la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, la nutrition et les moyens de subsistance. C&rsquo;est un investissement tr\u00e8s rentable.<\/p>\n<div class=\"nomor\">\n5\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Les arbres peuvent aider \u00e0 renforcer la r\u00e9silience des communaut\u00e9s face aux impacts du changement climatique<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Les \u00e9v\u00e9nements m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques extr\u00eames nous ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que les arbres peuvent offrir une protection face aux menaces climatiques qui augmentent. Par exemple, les mangroves <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cifor-icraf.org\/swamp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">jouent un r\u00f4le cl\u00e9<\/a> dans l&rsquo;att\u00e9nuation de l&rsquo;impact des temp\u00eates sur les communaut\u00e9s c\u00f4ti\u00e8res vuln\u00e9rables, tandis que les arbres dans les zones o\u00f9 l&rsquo;eau est rare aident \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cifor-icraf.org\/climate-resilience\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">r\u00e9guler le climat<\/a> et \u00e0 augmenter la capacit\u00e9 de stockage d&rsquo;eau du sol.<\/p>\n<p>De plus, en fournissant des habitats pour la biodiversit\u00e9, la pr\u00e9sence d&rsquo;arbres augmente \u00e9galement les chances que certaines esp\u00e8ces qu&rsquo;ils abritent puissent s&rsquo;adapter \u00e0 un environnement en \u00e9volution &#8211; contribuant ainsi \u00e0 nourrir les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de l&rsquo;avenir et \u00e0 garantir qu&rsquo;ils puissent servir \u00e0 la vie et aux moyens de subsistance pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations \u00e0 venir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Alors que la 28\u00e8me conf\u00e9rence des Nations unies sur le climat (COP28) approche et que les pays se pr\u00e9parent \u00e0 \u00e9valuer les progr\u00e8s r\u00e9alis\u00e9s dans la r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions depuis l&rsquo;adoption de l&rsquo;Accord de Paris \u00e0 travers le premier Bilan mondial, les mesures visant \u00e0 att\u00e9nuer l&rsquo;avanc\u00e9e et les impacts du changement climatique sont sous [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":264,"featured_media":84672,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[137,6090],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[10040,7528,11432,12375,12371],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[7144],"class_list":["post-84700","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forest-management-restoration","category-forests-news","language-francais","tag-francais-arbres","tag-francais-changement-climatique","tag-francais-cop28","tag-francais-mesures-dattenuation","tag-francais-plantation-darbres"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - 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