{"id":83600,"date":"2023-07-17T15:54:08","date_gmt":"2023-07-17T08:54:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=83600"},"modified":"2023-07-17T15:54:08","modified_gmt":"2023-07-17T08:54:08","slug":"le-soutien-des-communautes-un-element-incontournable-pour-la-reussite-des-projets-de-carbone-bleu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/83600\/le-soutien-des-communautes-un-element-incontournable-pour-la-reussite-des-projets-de-carbone-bleu","title":{"rendered":"Le soutien des communaut\u00e9s, un \u00e9l\u00e9ment incontournable pour la r\u00e9ussite des projets de carbone bleu"},"content":{"rendered":"

La qualit\u00e9 d\u2019un projet d\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me \u00e0 base de carbone bleu, essentielle pour attirer les investisseurs, doit \u00eatre jug\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019aune des r\u00e9sultats sociaux, du partage des avantages et du soutien aux communaut\u00e9s, autant d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments qui peuvent en d\u00e9finitive d\u00e9terminer la durabilit\u00e9 du projet et sa contribution \u00e0 l\u2019att\u00e9nuation et \u00e0 l\u2019adaptation au changement climatique.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tel est le message cl\u00e9 d\u2019un groupe d\u2019universitaires, de scientifiques et de praticiens chevronn\u00e9s r\u00e9unis le 11 mai 2023 pour discuter des approches visant \u00e0 \u00ab am\u00e9liorer la confiance dans le march\u00e9 du carbone forestier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des cr\u00e9dits de carbone bleu de qualit\u00e9 \u00bb, lors de la derni\u00e8re journ\u00e9e de la R\u00e9union Pl\u00e9ni\u00e8re 2023 de l\u2019<\/span>Initiative mondiale pour l\u2019observation des for\u00eats (Global Forest Observations Initiative<\/i> ou GFOI)<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

La quantification des avantages environnementaux est essentielle \u00e0 la r\u00e9ussite d\u2019un projet de carbone bleu, mais la bonne gouvernance, les impacts sociaux majeurs et le partage \u00e9quitable des avantages ne doivent pas \u00eatre sous-estim\u00e9s dans le cadre de l\u2019\u00e9volution vers un march\u00e9 du carbone bleu de haute qualit\u00e9 qui soit capable de garantir la justice sociale et environnementale, ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 les intervenants.<\/span><\/p>\n

En d\u00e9finitive, le succ\u00e8s du projet sera mesur\u00e9 par la durabilit\u00e9 fond\u00e9e sur le soutien aux communaut\u00e9s locales, l\u2019adh\u00e9sion et le changement de comportement \u00e0 long terme, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 <\/span>Daniel Murdiyarso<\/span><\/a>, chercheur principal au Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale et au Centre international de recherche en agroforesterie (CIFOR-ICRAF), et mod\u00e9rateur de la session.<\/span><\/p>\n

Par exemple, un projet de restauration des mangroves pourrait th\u00e9oriquement proposer des avantages significatifs en termes de capture et de r\u00e9tention du carbone climatique. Mais, cela ne suffit pas : \u00ab M\u00eame si les mangroves sont restaur\u00e9es, si les populations restent pauvres et se comportent comme avant, cela ne constitue pas un indicateur de r\u00e9ussite \u00bb, a expliqu\u00e9 D. Murdiyarso, avant de poursuivre : \u00ab Leur appropriation est cruciale\u2026si tout le monde dispara\u00eet \u00e0 la fin des projets, c\u2019est un \u00e9chec. C\u2019est l\u00e0 que r\u00e9side le v\u00e9ritable d\u00e9fi \u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nement de trois jours du GFOI a permis de r\u00e9unir plus de 300 experts au si\u00e8ge de l\u2019Organisation des Nations Unies pour l\u2019alimentation et l\u2019agriculture (FAO) \u00e0 Rome, mais \u00e9galement de nombreux autres participants en ligne.<\/span><\/p>\n

Les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes c\u00f4tiers \u00e0 carbone bleu, notamment les mangroves, les marais sal\u00e9s et les herbiers marins, sont importants pour leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 stocker le carbone dans les plantes et dans les s\u00e9diments. C\u2019est pourquoi ces \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme un \u00e9l\u00e9ment cl\u00e9 des solutions fond\u00e9es sur la nature pour lutter contre le changement climatique.<\/span><\/p>\n

La pr\u00e9vention de leur d\u00e9gradation ou de leur perte, ainsi que leur restauration, peuvent accro\u00eetre la capture et le stockage du dioxyde de carbone, tout en procurant des moyens de subsistance aux communaut\u00e9s locales et en renfor\u00e7ant la r\u00e9silience des paysages et des populations qui y vivent.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019importance du carbone bleu est \u00e9galement d\u00e9montr\u00e9e par le r\u00f4le qu\u2019il joue dans les contributions d\u00e9termin\u00e9es au niveau national (CDN) soumises par de nombreux pays \u00e0 la Convention-cadre des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques (CCNUCC). Ainsi, au moins 28 pays ont inclus le carbone bleu des zones humides c\u00f4ti\u00e8res dans leurs plans d\u2019att\u00e9nuation et quelque 59 pays ont ajout\u00e9 les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes c\u00f4tiers aux strat\u00e9gies d\u2019adaptation dans leurs CDN, a not\u00e9 D. Murdiyarso.<\/span><\/p>\n

En Indon\u00e9sie, les 3,36 millions d\u2019hectares de mangroves sont notamment menac\u00e9s par l\u2019exploitation foresti\u00e8re ill\u00e9gale, la conversion due \u00e0 l\u2019aquaculture, les plantations, les demandes en infrastructures et la pold\u00e9risation des c\u00f4tes, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Noviar, directeur de la restauration des tourbi\u00e8res et de la planification de la r\u00e9habilitation des mangroves au sein de l\u2019Agence indon\u00e9sienne de restauration des tourbi\u00e8res et des mangroves. Il a soulign\u00e9 les priorit\u00e9s du programme indon\u00e9sien de r\u00e9habilitation des mangroves.<\/span><\/p>\n

Il est important de tirer le meilleur parti de l\u2019imagerie satellitaire \u00e0 haute r\u00e9solution pour g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des donn\u00e9es et identifier les zones de mangrove en vue d\u2019\u00e9ventuels travaux de restauration. N\u00e9anmoins, souvent, les petits pays et les petites nations insulaires se heurtent \u00e0 des obstacles dus \u00e0 leurs faibles capacit\u00e9s, a indiqu\u00e9 <\/span>Pablo Mart\u00edn<\/span><\/a>, sp\u00e9cialiste de la FAO en t\u00e9l\u00e9d\u00e9tection pour le suivi de la restauration de l\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pour y rem\u00e9dier, la FAO et <\/span>The Nature Conservancy (TNC)<\/span><\/a> ont \u00e9labor\u00e9 un manuel qui soutient le renforcement des capacit\u00e9s afin d\u2019aider les pays \u00e0 prendre en charge la restauration des mangroves, a indiqu\u00e9 P. Martin. Des \u00e9tudes de cas sont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es sur l\u2019estimation de l\u2019\u00e9tendue, de la structure, de l\u2019\u00e9tat et du changement des mangroves, \u00e0 l\u2019aide de photographies a\u00e9riennes historiques, d\u2019images satellites optiques et actives \u00e0 haute r\u00e9solution et d\u2019images de drones prises localement.<\/span><\/p>\n

Melissa Abderrahim, responsable du programme marin de l\u2019<\/span>Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature (UICN)<\/span><\/a>, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu\u2019il existait un \u00e9cart important entre le financement destin\u00e9 \u00e0 la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9 et les besoins mondiaux en la mati\u00e8re. Elle a d\u00e9crit deux programmes de financement g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l\u2019UICN qui pourraient \u00ab augmenter l\u2019offre mondiale de projets de carbone bleu et de capital naturel bleu pr\u00eats \u00e0 l\u2019investissement… en d\u00e9veloppant les arguments \u00e9conomiques en faveur de l\u2019investissement dans des solutions fond\u00e9es sur la nature bleue, en soutenant le d\u00e9veloppement et la mise en \u0153uvre de projets de carbone bleu de qualit\u00e9, en facilitant le renforcement des capacit\u00e9s gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la coop\u00e9ration technique, et en appliquant des approches de suivi et de mesure qui valorisent la biodiversit\u00e9 .climatique et les avantages des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes pour les moyens de subsistance \u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Le <\/span>M\u00e9canisme de financement du capital naturel bleu (Blue Natural Capital Financing Facility<\/i> ou BNCFF)<\/span><\/a> soutient les projets de capital naturel bleu susceptibles d\u2019attirer des investissements ; le <\/span>Fonds d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration pour le carbone bleu (Blue Carbon Accelerator Fund<\/i> ou BCAF)<\/span><\/a> soutient les projets de restauration et de conservation du carbone bleu dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement et contribue \u00e0 favoriser les financements du secteur priv\u00e9, a-t-elle d\u00e9clar\u00e9. Leurs processus d\u2019examen et de s\u00e9lection exigent, entre autres, des impacts environnementaux et sociaux concrets, une collaboration avec les autorit\u00e9s gouvernementales et les parties prenantes, ainsi qu\u2019un engagement en faveur de la gouvernance et des droits fonciers.<\/span><\/p>\n

Au moins 60 % des budgets convenus pour les projets devraient b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier aux parties prenantes locales, y compris les propri\u00e9taires, les utilisateurs et les gestionnaires d\u2019un site. De plus, c\u2019est un engagement qui garantirait \u00e9galement aux investisseurs et aux gouvernements que le projet est \u00e9quitable, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Tim Coles, directeur et PDG de <\/span>rePlanet<\/span><\/a>, qui s\u2019efforce d\u2019encourager la restauration et la protection \u00e9cologiques \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle via des financements du secteur priv\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Photo by Levania Santoso\/CIFOR-ICRAF<\/p>\n

Malgr\u00e9 le vif int\u00e9r\u00eat qu\u2019ils suscitent, les investissements du secteur priv\u00e9 ne se dirigent pas facilement vers la restauration de la nature et ne ralentissent pas la perte de biodiversit\u00e9, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 T. Coles. En cause, le co\u00fbt \u00e9lev\u00e9 des investissements dans la restauration des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes par rapport aux cr\u00e9dits d\u2019\u00e9nergie renouvelable (CER) relativement abordable. Par ailleurs, les avantages en termes de biodiversit\u00e9 \u00e9taient difficiles \u00e0 mesurer avant la publication de la m\u00e9thodologie des cr\u00e9dits de biodiversit\u00e9 du Wallacea Trust<\/a>, a poursuivi T. Coles, qui a \u00e9galement fond\u00e9 le Wallacea Trust qui travaille sur des projets de conservation.<\/p>\n

Pour obtenir des investissements du secteur priv\u00e9, il faut que les projets se concentrent sur les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes riches en carbone, qu\u2019ils comptabilisent correctement le carbone dans les s\u00e9diments, qu\u2019ils mon\u00e9tisent la biodiversit\u00e9 et qu\u2019ils garantissent des avantages pour les communaut\u00e9s, a-t-il ajout\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Des \u00e9tudes d\u2019impact rigoureuses et des politiques fond\u00e9es sur des donn\u00e9es probantes sont \u00e9galement essentielles \u00e0 la r\u00e9ussite des projets, notamment en ce qui concerne les services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques et les impacts socio-\u00e9conomiques, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Pham Thu Thuy, chercheure principale responsable de l\u2019\u00e9quipe charg\u00e9e du changement climatique, de l\u2019\u00e9nergie et du d\u00e9veloppement \u00e0 faible \u00e9mission de carbone au sein du CIFOR-ICRAF. Un changement transformateur est \u00e9galement n\u00e9cessaire dans les politiques fonci\u00e8res et sur d\u2019autres questions de gouvernance, a-t-elle ajout\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Le carbone bleu pourrait conduire \u00e0 un changement transformationnel… mais un changement transformationnel est n\u00e9cessaire pour favoriser le carbone bleu (r\u00e9gime foncier, garanties sociales, droits sur le carbone, incitations financi\u00e8res et sociales suffisantes, suppression des subventions) \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 P. T. Thuy.<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nement faisait partie du Programme d\u2019adaptation et d\u2019att\u00e9nuation durable des zones humides (Sustainable Wetlands Adaptation and Mitigation Program ou SWAMP) du CIFOR-ICRAF, soutenu par l\u2019Agence am\u00e9ricaine pour le d\u00e9veloppement international (United States Agency for International Development ou USAID), et de l\u2019<\/em>\u00c9tude comparative mondiale sur la REDD+<\/em>,<\/em><\/a> financ\u00e9e par l\u2019Agence norv\u00e9gienne de coop\u00e9ration pour le d\u00e9veloppement (Norad).<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La qualit\u00e9 d\u2019un projet d\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me \u00e0 base de carbone bleu, essentielle pour attirer les investisseurs, doit \u00eatre jug\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019aune des r\u00e9sultats sociaux, du partage des avantages et du soutien aux communaut\u00e9s, autant d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments qui peuvent en d\u00e9finitive d\u00e9terminer la durabilit\u00e9 du projet et sa contribution \u00e0 l\u2019att\u00e9nuation et \u00e0 l\u2019adaptation au changement climatique. Tel […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":309,"featured_media":82984,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,137],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[12253],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[3250,7528,2327,11329],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[8801],"class_list":["post-83600","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-forest-management-restoration","language-francais","location-asia-pacific","tag-francais-carbone-bleu","tag-francais-changement-climatique","tag-francais-mangroves","tag-francais-restauration-des-terres"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLe soutien des communaut\u00e9s, un \u00e9l\u00e9ment incontournable pour la r\u00e9ussite des projets de carbone bleu - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/83600\/le-soutien-des-communautes-un-element-incontournable-pour-la-reussite-des-projets-de-carbone-bleu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le soutien des communaut\u00e9s, un \u00e9l\u00e9ment incontournable pour la r\u00e9ussite des projets de carbone bleu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La qualit\u00e9 d\u2019un projet d\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me \u00e0 base de carbone bleu, essentielle pour attirer les investisseurs, doit \u00eatre jug\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019aune des r\u00e9sultats sociaux, du partage des avantages et du soutien aux communaut\u00e9s, autant d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments qui peuvent en d\u00e9finitive d\u00e9terminer la durabilit\u00e9 du projet et sa contribution \u00e0 l\u2019att\u00e9nuation et \u00e0 l\u2019adaptation au changement climatique. 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